Giant strides in

By BERT WHYTE

MOSCOW — Krasnodar, industrial and cultural centre of the Kuban River basin, squats contentedly on its black earth steppe, surrounded by 260 state farms and 332 collective farms which

_ form the base for its prosperity.

The city, founded in 1793 during the repressive reign of Catherine II and originally named Ekaterinodar, was the scene of fierce struggles for Soviet power. It was again ravaged by war when Hitler’s troops invaded it in 1942. The nazis were driven out the follow- ing year and since then a modern beau- tiful city of half a million population has been huilt

We flew from Moscow to Krasnodar in an IL-18 to witness completion of the harvest. Before visiting state and collective farms we had a talk with Nikolai Voronin, deputy-chairman of the Kuban area committee.

Last year severe sand and dust storms hurt the farmers, but this year, in spite of dry weather, the harvest was excellent. Wheat is the main crop and the 1963 record of three million tons may be surpassed. Production of meat has increased by 62,000 tons in one year and milk by 24,000 tons.

“We have ambitious plans for the future,” said Voronin. “By 1975 our aim is to produce 600,000 tons of rice, 150,000 tons of vegetables, 695,000 tons of meat and two million tons of milk.”

Although the rich black earth of the Kuban land guarantees a good living for the four and a half million people of 25 nationalities who live in this western part of the northern Caucasus, in recent years manufacturing has also made great strides. Krasnodar has a large machine-tools plant, the biggest cotton and worsted factories in the USSR, porcelain works and canneries. The port of Novorossisk is the base for a deep-sea fishing fleet that operates in the Atlantic and off West Africa.

“You are planning to increase meat production by almost a third in the next five years,” I said. “On what basis do you think this can be achieved?”

“Better fodder, to begin with,” Voro- nin answered. “Then we are building special big complexes for stock breed- ing, which will cut production costs. And now there is the added incentive of higher state prices for meat. The extra profits will be used to develop stock breeding, mechanization and so on.”

The next morning we visited the Zdhanov collective farm, over 20,000 acres. It specializes in cereal crops (wheat,. barley, sugar beets, corn, sun- flowers) and cattle breeding.

This year the farm delivered 4,500 tons of wheat to the state, well over its quota, The winter wheat is a variety known as “Bezostaya-1” developed by Academician P. P. Lukyanenko, Hero

of Socialist Labor and Lenin Prize-win- _ ner. He has also evolved even better -

wheat varieties — ‘‘Aurora,” “Kavkaz” and “‘Skorospelka-35.”

The farm workers number 5,750 out of a total population of 14,000. Basic wage is 5 roubles 18 kopecks per work day, but farmers can earn more by working overtime. The farm itself made a net profit of 1,700,000 roubles for the year. It has 88 tractors, 38 trucks, 28

self-propelled combines, 394 electric.

engines, six cars, nine motorcycles and 15 bicycles with motors.

A farm board of nine meets once a month to plan and administer the work. Chairman B. A. Tsybylnikov is a graduate of an agricultural institute. Before coming to this farm he worked as a brigade leader and then as chief agronomist at another collective farm. He is married and has two children.

Tsybylnikov answered our questions and then escorted us around the farm. Average age of workers is 42. Three years ago it was 48. There is no prob- lem keeping young people on the farm —they go to institutes and come back as specialists. All homes have electri- city and almost all families own TV

_ sets. The village Palace of Culture runs

movies six nights a week. There is a twice-weekly dance. The library buys 1,000 new books annually; about 1,200 people use the library regularly. At the 10-year secondary school the children are given hot breakfasts for 12 ko- pecks (about 15 cents) and lunch for 20 kopecks.

The board of nine administers farm affairs but the ruling body is the meet- ing of farmers, held quarterly. There is also a general meeting once a year.

We stopped at one house in the vil- lage to meet Anna Aksurenko, a dele- gate to the recent Third Congress of

| MO

Soviet agric

Automatic tea picking machines in operation.

Farmers. Her husband was wounded during the war. With the help of the farm they built a four-room bungalow, valued at 2,500 roubles. A young son, 14, is in the eighth grade, and their 19-year-old daughter is studying at an agricultural institute. Mrs. Aksurenko makes from 130 to 145 roubles a month, and her husband receives a pension. They live quite comfortably.

Leaving the collective farm (after en- joying a splendid lunch) we travelled by bus for some distance to a state farm specializing in the raising of pigs. Dir- ector Batokin said that 5,600 people live on the farm, of which number 1,842 are on the work force, Average wage is 118 roubles monthly. Last year the farm made 1,346,000 roubles net pro- fit; this year they expect a profit of 2,500,000 roubles. :

The Ladorsky state farm was set up in 1932. It has over 30,000 acres, owns 151 tractors, 54 combines and 73

trucks, and sells 8,000 to 9,000 tons of.

grain to the state annually. The pig farm is a big operation, selling 18,000 piglets a year to the state.

We had to don white smocks to visit the pigs, where we saw—and smelt!— thousands of pigs, including pregnant sows, sows with new litters (they each deliver seven or eight piglets twice a year) and hungry, growing pigs which made a mad rush to the trough at feed- ing time. Fodder comes automatically and it takes only 15 minutes to feed 500 pigs.

At the farms and while driving through the countryside we had noticed many fields of sunflowers and had learned something about the work of

Academician _V. S. Pustovoit, twice’

Hero of Socialist Labor and Lenin Prize

.

- tural work.” geil

winner, who has cultivated sunflow?) with an oil content of more than percent. P

We are happy, therefore, to he Opportunity to visit the research te

ulture |

tute in a suburb of Krasnodar W c Academician Pustovoit still works i the advanced age of 84. Opened in J as an agricultural school, it now I. cializes in oil-containing cultures sunflowers, soybeans, rape, pea etc, A bust of Pustovoit stands at! entrance to the institute. His gré4 scientific contribution, achieved years of exhaustive experimental W? was the creative transformation 0! 5 ne flowers which raised their oil y® from 30 percent to 50 percent. d The institute has 34,000 hectares experimental land in various pall’) the Kuban (a hectare equals ve acres) and deals directly with § él and collective farms. It made 4 se of 3,800,000 roubles last year. Sunfld vit ers have risen from sixth to se? place in oil extraction, exceeded ° by soya beans. F Although the main purpose of fy trip to the land of the Kuban Coss@@, was to study agricultural successes: the close of the harvest season, 116 took time out to visit one of the industrial enterprizes in the region the Machine-Tool Plant on the bail the swift-flowing-Kuban River. D! tor Nicolai Belov, who came from ii Ukraine and worked his way up de present important position throug signer to head of a shop to chief te gineer, took us on a tour around! three big. blocks of the plant. a “We have 5,000 employees and int’ port hundreds of varieties of mach tools to 46 countries,” said Be, “Since switching to the new econdn | reform system in July 1967 we 14” increased production by 20%. f age wage in the plant is 134 % bles a month but skilled workers © up to 300 roubles. Our profit last ve was-seven million roubles and it W' into three funds—development of P ff duction, bonuses for workers, and ©

Belov, 41, a man with a ready ‘6 and concise answers to all questifl” impressed me as representative 0 | 16 new-type style of management bel developed in the Soviet Union.

Our time ran out long before wé i seen all that we wished to see 1” ‘0 Kuban region. We were not able to § off a minute at the Museum of dis Lore to ‘look at the cannon which é charged the shell which killed Gen® Kornilov, the White Guard leader. ’ the could we spare the time to drive-t0 of Sunrise Horse Breeding Farm, hom the great Anilin, winner of the E¥ pean Cup and second in the Washi ton Handicap a few years ago. Ne! ‘he were we able to take a trip to f town of Abrau-Durso, the birthplacé Soviet champagne.

Human values centre GDR legal

code as crime drops

By BEATRICE JOHNSON As

compared to capitalist West Germany, where 3,643

organized crime and the under- world of speculators, smugglers,

try minor cases. The three jud- ges in each of such courts are

help ex-prisoners adjust to nol mal life.

BERLIN — “Our experience proves that the battle against crime cannot be won by increas- ing the police force or. by indis- criminate laws harrassing both guilty and innocent alike,” Dr. Hans Eilborn, state’s attorney for the German Democratic Re- public, told me in an interview in his Berlin office of the Minis- try of Justice.

Dr. Eilborn, a vigorous con- genial person in his forties, studied law after his release in 1945 from a Nazi concentration camp. Together with the older

anti-fascist jurists, he helped -

lay the foundation for a new le- gal system, based on social and human values, which under new social conditions drastically re- duced crime.

PACIFIC TRIBUNE—FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1970—PAGE 19 EFPEuASA 2% ge eee is ie @ Ceca

t

crimes are committed per

100,000 population, in the GDR

there are 542 cases for the same number. =

What is striking is not only the reduction in figures, but the differences in the types of offenses.

In the GDR, under conditions of socialist relations, absence of unemployment, racism and mili- tarism, there have for many years been no cases of forgery, drug addiction, illegal drug trade or white slavery.

The Wall a Factor

. A contributing factor in crime reduction in the GDR was the erection of the vrotective wall in 1961 closing the border with West Berlin and shutting out

42. YE ME Se

saboteurs and hired murderers. I asked Dr. Eilborn to explain how crimes are handled in the GDR. : He began by saying that the

’ police in the GDR have no pow-

er to take action. They can ap- prehend lawbreakers and refer them to the corresponding courts.

He said that at present there’

are 100,000 cases of petty theft, damage to property, assault and petty swindling. Most of these offenses have ‘been committed under the influence of alcohol. Half of them are being tried in regular court, and’ the rest in people’s or social courts.

The People’s Courts, operating in the neighborhood and factor- ies, were introduced in 1965 to

pute. e997) 213 (Us

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elected by the people and train- ed by the Department of Justice.

The sessions are open to the public.

To Rehabilitate

The social courts are not em- powered to sentence the guilty to prison, but can only censure and iinpose small fines.

Education is the main purpose of these organs of justice.

Dr. Eilborn said that even in the more serious cases before the regular courts only every fifth offender is sentenced to prison. After serving, the prison- er is not stigmatized. His job is secure. His place of work is legally responsible to the court for his rehabilitation.

There are TV films that show how committees in factories

New Penal Code

Dr. Eilborn told of his xP) iences as a member of %, parliamentary commission drafting a new penal code, which work began in 1963. if

The basis for this, he $4” was laid in 1945 when the Na were cleaned out of the just? apparatus. Most of the old J@ were amended, but not repla so that by 1963 they were oD lete. ; f The commission worked ! five years and produced a 1 law adopted by parliament 1968, following wide public # 4 cussion in neighborhoods a factories, during which 8 es amendments and proposals W® offered by 50,000 citizens.