: Outdoors TheReview Wednesday, June 20,1990 — Alga"

Barnacles beautiful to be seen besides on boats

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Everyone who has walked along
our oceanic beaches is certain to
have encountered barnacles of
some kind.

Anyone who has left a boat in
the water for any length of time
has been faced with the unenvia-
ble task of removing the many
barnacles wich have encrusted
the underside of the hull.

There are several hundred kinds
of them growing upon rocks,
wharves, pilings and other struc-
tures erected in the tidal zone.
Recent television shots of whales
off the West Coast have shown
great numbers of barnacles living
upon their backs and flippers.

One species is found only upon
the tongue of a marine turtle while
another common and very hand-
some pelagic form floats about on
the open sea, fastened to bits of
wood or seaweed. Still others are
parasitic, living upon the rough
shells of crabs.

Our photo today shows a num-
ber of sessile ones glued to rock.
Though related to crabs and lobs-
ters, adult barnacles are perma-
nently attached to some surface
and each has evolved a shell
composed of a series of plates in
which they live.

The summit of the shell, in the
middle of each barnacle in the
photo, may be open or closed by
four hinged and movable plates.

Watch a submerged barnacle
closely and you will notice that the
plates open periodically and a sort
of dark net is swept outwards.

This very efficient net, com-
posed of the characteristic six
pairs of legs, each of which has
two branches with many segments
and spines, is used for capturing
small food items.

flexible stem which allows it som

The living bamacle inside the
shell is actually standing on its
head and kicking food into its
mouth with its feet (Cornwall)!

There are two large groups of

bamacles. If the barnacle is firmly
attached to a surface in a manner
which does not permit it to move,
it is an acom or sessile species (as
in our photo).

However, if it has a more or less

"SESSILEBARNACIES

individual. In some species the

movement, it is a stemmed or
pedunculate species. Goose bama-
cles belonging to this group are
present in enormous clusters or
banks on the west coast of the
island and very visible on the
steep rock faces at low tide. When
slightly submerged by the clear,
retumming tide, their interesting
food gathering behavior is readily
observed.

Individual species are not easily
identified as internal structures
and other relatively small’ details
must be taken into consideration.
One requires excellent keys
together with extended experience
in Careful dissection.

However, the Barnacles Of Brit-
ish Columbia by Cornwall Gn
Victoria Museum), together with
the included excellent sketches of
the well known scientific illustra-
tor, Frank Beebe, offers the begin-
her a good start.

Barnacles are hermaphrodites
with both male and female repro-
ductive organs present in each

very small males live inside the
bodies of their much larger mates.

When the young emerge from
the egg sacs of the female, they are
free-swimming larvae and are
often seen in enormous numbers
drifting about in the clear marine
water. They grow through a series
of moults and eventually settle
down, at first attaching themselves
to some solid object by means of
two tiny sucker-like discs.

Then secretions from special”
cement glands glue it firmly to the

substrate, where its body goes
through a series of changes, cul-
minating in the interesting barma-
cle and shell which you see all
about you on the rocks along the
shore.

When visiting the West Coast,
check the bundles of seaweed and
other debris which has washed up
on the sandy beach for clusters of
the very striking pelagic form.

Hosts of others may be seen on
the large rocks which are very
accessible at low tide.

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