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: rite ‘of Pollen of our ‘water:

"8 me

‘BY NOREEN NISBETT

Fourteen -year-old Noreen
Nisbett got full marks for her
essay, ‘‘Pollution of Water’,
Part is printed here to. show
that maybe our youngsters are
thinking and thinking right, too.

* OK OK

Water flows through all the
problems facing man and his
environment. Water, essential
to life, is quickly becoming a
conveyer of death.

The 1969 Water Quality In-
dex: Bad! And we’re. still
losing!

Virtually every stream, riv-
er, lake, and estuary in the

country is polluted to some de-

gree. The Great Lakes are
becoming dirtier every. year,
Lake Erie is the worst, fol-
lowed by Lakes Ontario, Mich-
igan, Huron and Superior. The
once great commercial and
sport fishing industry in Lake
Erie is dead, and recent DDT
threats to Lake Michigan fore-
tell the same fate for it.

Water pollution takes many
forms: Municipal waste and in-
dustrial effluent; pesticides and
fertilizer run off from agricul-
tural operations, heat released
through. cooling: operations;
radiation from atomic genera-
ting plants and chemical :dis-
posal from military uses. _

ca ce eet

Because water is such an in-
timate part of our daily lives,
most of us give little thought to

it. But few if any problems are
closely woven into. the

fabric _of our modern society.

. than the control of water pol- 7

lution,
Clean water is essential to
life;

sary to. industry, to agricul-

‘ture and ‘to the conservation and ~..-

use of the. many natural re-
_ sources -
er life depends.
"People:
concerned of their safety, and ©
they try to increase’ corn
“forts and: ‘modern. ga adgets;
make ‘physical.
yet; the danger of. life itself
increasing = day by day-as th

S$.

‘city of water. in: places: where
“it. is’ ‘needed and the. ‘pollution -
of water used . _by, the people:

and. by" “the. creature es. we: Use _
as food. Two- hundred scientists -

thirty- three ‘countries a
“met in Paris last year to-dis-
~ CUss © “ this) problem,” “As. to.

“trom

scarcity | of ‘water, they found”
» that in’ some places water is be~

ing taken from the-ground about _
a thousand | times : faster. than:

“s-being | replenished by.
 valntal, Asa. result water ©
“must. be. used over, and. over
“again, .

There is nothing criminal or!

“morally wrong in the develop"

~ ment of industries and cities,

It is the product of man’s con«
stant effort to adopt. his phy-
sical environment to his chang-

ing economic and social needs,
“What would. be wrong would ba.

to continue taking» water for
granted without doing
thing effective to repair the
damage caused to it” b. uu
own fete, Wee chave: to
come “terms. with: the:
“polsons We: make: Up to now.
we, scom to have bypassed the
question; Tow: much: potson .
“oan F gtand and Kt ive??? and |
we have rontented ourselves
“With calling t upon selerice togive:

‘Ws some corrective andprevens, ee

‘dive prescriptions.”

Man 8. supposed
most. inten Lys ent being. Bul he
“obviously: (8 not by letting, this
¢ problem: continugs until cits,
» po" Tate ty slope” A he has:
to da is take, A fond look at
“anv one of our suppOSOdTY bean -
“Tit Jakes and het know hwhat

his so-called: good Intentions”

haya ¢ reated,
eo
Pollution coms chiefly from
two sourced: — human se ware

and industrial wastes, Tt. one)

dangers. health, it steals from
sparts fishing and our
bathing, It robs us of our shell-
fish foods and commerc{ak tah
supplles, it reduces proporty”
waties bee Eripa bring the tppeare
ance and the usefalnnsn afour
land, it makes our drinking:
water nauseating and raises wf.
Tuan he

aye
wre eres] oy U4 : Hern Noe ws

our bridges, docks, boat bald
“gd Wakes,

oo AL AS A heck itera hit Unit
few people: En undiet rained
AYGds DAVE Ever Senn Streams
of any die thatwere complete

dy free of mi an made pollution,

‘Moreover, it is neces-:,

upon which our rich- =
of today are » very
“ments.

life: ‘happier, . _ That i ‘our. personal. contribu-

any.

“our |

to be the:

We have, in the past, relied
trustingly upon. nature to pro-
tect us, but toburden a stream
or other body of water with
grass polluting material and
expect safe and attractive
water to be immediately re-
turned, is demanding of na-
ture that itdo more than its
share, _

Before our population - in-
dustrial surge, pollution was
not a serious problem, be-
cause the wastes from every
city were diluted by the flow-
ing water; oxidized by bacteria;
used as fertilizer by the wat-
er plants; and filtered through
the ‘river sands and gravel,
so as .to reach the next user
in fairly clean condition.

Multiplication of ‘cities and
their discharges. - has loaded
the. water with an insupport-
able amount of poisons from
the factories, offal. from the
slaughter-houses, raw sewage
from the homes, These kill the
cleansing plants, use up the
purifying oxygen in the water,
and. clog the filtering gravels
with filth,

We have been accepting all.
that and expecting our munici-
pal filteration plants to trans-
form the dark coloured fluids;
sometimes half sewage, into
water for drinking, It:is’ a
grievous reflection on the in-~

telligence of those who permit -

the condition to endure, ©

: we ee

. It. should. be made. clear
that we. ourselves’ are res-
ponsible for ‘pollution of our

“water supplies. ‘* Pollution “of ©.

the discharge of material that.
‘unreasonably impairs the qual-
ity of water for maximum ben-

-eficial use in the overall Tpublic .

: interest’.

consist? It is made up of body
- wastes, used in bath and dish-
water, | washings from-restau-
rants: and. - laundries, » ‘refuse |

“from hotels and hospitals, and.

wastes from other, establish-.
“serving our | :

: chemicals, greases, a
“For. -eenturies, .
‘not: offend’ the’ senses

Bose, People avoided bitter. or
_ smelly. or coloured ‘water, To=::
day, we know: from the discov-

eries of Pasteur, KochandLis-._
ter the dangers: that may lurki in:

clear’ odorless water, The bac-.
‘terial’ yard: stick as a'mea-
“sure of pollution has been ex-

panded | ‘to include the virus- -

Os, “Now “We need a formula:
to-.-: measure - the harmful ef.
- feets: of - numerous “chemical

‘treatment, by: conventional or.

known methods, Any evaluation.
of. present day chemical pollu-.
tion must take account of wastes
from new. organic. chemicals

such as detergents, insecticid-
es’and weed killers, as welll aS.
7 of radiactivity. .

we

Today's: progressive factor y

owner has. just about as much

‘at stake in the matter of clean

water’ as hay any top-wator

user. Many. a community has

lost |. industrial opportunities
“heeause the water available was
not sulted. ta factory noeds, |

ce Too many communities insist.

upon “Industry achieving law-
levels of contaminants In used

water, while the munielpallties ©
“themselves pollute the streams -
- with untreated or inadequately, :

: treated municipal: ROWORO,
Tn the past twenty-five years, —
Industes hax for the most yar

-tasumed its responsibility in s
“the conservation of water fasts

er than the, munteipalitios. N
sponds,

search to fmprove its methods,

“More. aod more, the cost of
waste control facliivies muta»
matically. becomes fn part of

plant Installation comt-and the.

cperation is ans integral part
of the operading. casts oof the
plant, The ‘chomieal business
In dhe United States fs: spend.

ing forty million dollars ay
year ta control ite” wastas;
pulp ard. payer manufacturers
hove invested early a hundred
milllon dollars in. treatment
systema in the pawl decade,
cutting their pattution, pey tan
of paper, to hall ato what: tt
wae AP Ouaber ahtar phiney

has been instalhod a hark burne-

ine machine, destroying 150,~
“ODN pounds oof pudlubank
WHITE SWke CO LiC ey Aebieat
flaunted down Whe river in adiay,

Resoapen coo ore at work,

constantly ia the search ior ims

New — control
must. be developed

provements,
methods

progressively if they are - to

keep. pace. with or changing
economy.

The ‘water in dozens of
streams is less safe to drink
than processed. sewage, Along
the Atlantic and Fundy coasts,
shellfish beds have been con-
demned, Ocean beaches have
been banned or labelled un-
safe at Vancouver and Hali-
fax.

In a healthy river bacteria
quickly digest and purify waste,
using oxygen in the precess be-
ing deposited in the New York
Bight is. coming -right back to
the Urban beach areas.

K OK Ke

The State of affairs involv.
ing pollution of our rivers. by
sewage got out of control be-
fore the magnitude of the pro-
blem . was realized, and we
have not. been aggressive en-
ough with our treatment pro-
grammes to catch up, let alone
get ahead of the grim condition.

- of thirty to fifty years, would

The methods of sewage treat-
ment have now been developd
to a high degree of efficiency.
Primary . treatment removes
some 35% of the pollutants
by -secreening and. sediment-
ation. Secondary treatment re-
moves, by such means as trick-
ling filters or the activated
sludge process, the wastes that
are in solution or in collodial
suspension. As a result of
primary and. secondary treat-
ments, . around 90% of the or-
ganic matter originally pre-
sent. can be ‘removed: before
the effluent is discharged,

Why is this treatment not
universal in Canada? -It is’
safe to say that there are two
reasons; the need has notbeen
appreciated, and the cost is not
relished, The first excuse can ©
be eliminated by. education:
the second is. not so serious
when. the facts are obtained,
The cost, spread over a period ,

be less than a cent a day per
person.

Of what does this material :

Z that.progress: and the: ‘public i in
ate water. did®

ite was"
- considered. usable. for any pur-

" gubstances which may - resist .

- the Vanderhoof-Bulkley a

nuiny millions of dol-
_ Jars on waste disposal and inre+

35° pounds

F

"Establishment of a broad po-
licy for future development of
British Columbia’s natural re-

- sources was. announced by Hon, |
Ray Williston, chairman of the
provincial. Land. Use Commit-

tee. Committee members in-.
clude: the Ministers of Lands,

“Forests and. Water Resources; :

Agriculture; Mines and Petro-
‘leum.Resources;: Municipal Af-

fairs; and Recreation and Con-

servation, ;
~The overall impact of thet po-

: liey will. be to set priorities in.
_ land use for. such commitments |
-as -forestry;. ‘mining, agricul -

~ sultation © between.

‘ture, and park development, a->

‘long with control of side effects:

esuch as: urban spraw} and.rib- o

ways.
AThis: formalizes: a ‘commit
tee structure. set: up to.en ir

exchange of: information,”” Mr,
Williston said.

he said,

through: a ‘system of: liaison. and

POLICY SET
B.C. LAND USE.

‘time will deal only with Crown

“lands,

. Itcalso’ is recognized, the
‘minister continued, that wise
development and management of
land should be based: on long-

term ‘socio-economic plans, not’.

only for British Columbia, but
for. Canada’ as.a. whole,. How-
ever, ‘until such plans are avail-

: able, the:decisions will have to.
depend to agreat extent on judge +
“ment arrived at through the pro~:-

“eesses of co -operationand con- |

bon development along. high-"- sible judgements and selections

“. that: all: available ‘information.

and economic’ growth, consis-...°:

tent with protection of the eco-

“logical: balance of the environ-"
The scientific land” in-

‘ment...

a ment,

ventory: maps..now. being. pre~ :

‘pared under ARDA Canada Land.
~ Inventory Will: be. used as &

“starting. point in Jand- -use decks.
“sions... oe
- Adoption of the policy by the: a
-Land Use’ Committee followed .
- recommendations «made by the
Techniéal Land Use Committee’
‘hased: its .advice on the

which:
~ findings ofa number of studies
carried out over the past half~
year, but: most particularly on
the results of studies. made in
rea in
north: central British Colum-
bia, co,

There are
to-application of the policy, Mr,

WIlisten suid, pointing out that:

some limitations

while it is revognized that eco-) >

logical PrOCERKES and many land

management problems are go« -

verned by physival systems that

“are nat. confined to-legal land:

boundaries, the polley’ at Cus

interested
_parties | and in the use. of local.

“government © ‘community plann-

ing efforts, oe
“Furthermore, Mr; Williston
a adied, ‘while rational and defen-

gnized ‘that presently available
information. ‘on physical and bio
logical . land systems. is. often
incomplete. :
“ever; can. be. minimized by. co-

The’ aim ‘of the. new. palley: “operation | and consultation be-
-is: to enable the de-
velopment of | land’ in British»

Columbia for ‘social: betterment. :

tween: the | “various : Tand-using
: government . agencies. to ensure:

‘and: experience: “is weighed: ins

~ Taking decisions.) 004)

To provide. for this require-
2 dt, has been” stipulated,
that: the. ‘Technical Land Use:

Committee shall ‘meet a regu e

lar. intervals to consider. major

land-us se

conflicts, Hee Oo
At the direction of the mine.

-slorial ‘committee | processing

of major Crown land-use decl-
sions, such as..the establish
ment of new provinclal forests
largo, parks, reservoirs, game”
nNeygemnelL. areas, and. large
ecological reserves, Mr, Willl+
ston. said, all the departments .
and services represented onthe.

Land Use Committee must: be.

consulted unlass thora, axa: Oba
vious reasons: for not doing 80,
“The records: must show. the re=.

Bute of thane consutations: or,

the reasan for: non-consltation «

the ministor: added, eae

~ Ski-Doo. Sill Tops Snow Scene

Theo completely’ New sors

des of enowmoblles, inehiding
“a full-sized machine called the

¥lan that. Wolylis only 246 pounds

operational. improvements. are

» featured in eight series of 107!

Ski Boo snowmobiles from

Bombardier, Ltd, the company
whieh launched: the Industry Me

years aga,

The new serios, ouch design=
od too satisfy specific snowrmo-
biler interests, inelude the Elan
with (lich dack, the Valmont
With twin The, and the Skandle
wlth Htheh uraek,

The Shandiv S95. is a light.
Ta, Weil leach machine
deslened for use tn Seandina>
vit, - The Shandio weighs only
With ground: preg.
‘Sure: Of juah: 27 pounds per.
square inch, both exceptional |
fora widy-track,

A new concept among the '?
Sig» ooo snowmobiles is the
“ieee lit Man whieh affers
Tilesiae chaseiss th dneh track
With 1,070. square fnehes af.

: mahile carded: Alea In
Olympique, Nordiv,

tr ction on the ghtiha: and ot ther oS

biy-machine features, The Elan’
has fixed jot carburetor, Wrage

dyound console and dash, into
and newide: range of styling and 7

grated fixed hoadlight, front and

reir bumpors, thiek sports atys:
lod seat, trieyele bogey wheel
triek: suspension, - wand rugned |
ategl frame. oo

The all-new Valmont. BETION
Ais three’ models dostgned ay
Nant, twin-trach sports mad.
hines for deep ‘anow fountry,
mountain. or tlatiands, Jor for

freneral fan usage, The nowVal-.

Monts cane from 30 tw 100
ponds Uivhter than their 1070
predecessors the twin-track lire.
vader, depending upon features:
of the model chosen,

The ight ‘71 Ski. Dow nto

Shida Ua.

TNT,

pine and Blizzard, >

fdas yenbfinel ati agile | oe yp liiddt va

SAmonp the styling and opera.
onal: advanerernente front ay
most SKI Doo shesemobilen are
onthoded engines fay riproved
perdarmance and better togks,

ok i

a gle Alle

‘TesOUrce - dovelopment: ‘one Tens
. sourcesuse. proposals by any:
of the: departments: represent-__ Is
“ed on the Committee, along with”
_ associated. potential .
conflicts and kolutions of these "

Pristine. ‘beauty. of the Yellowhead Route from Jasper to Prince
Rupert B.C. is pride of Sanadians, w wonder of visitors. But how

0-¢--0-O--4-~2-- Ob La Brady
wd-©- o-oo o

HUNTING. AND WINTER SPORTS SUPPLEMENT September 1970

SRE REN SESS

long. can it stay that way? A young writer discusses the problem :
at the. left... She shows that yout :

1

is really. thinking, ©.

BY BUD DAIGLE.
Editor ~ Sno-Mo- -Go Magazine

tracked*: snow ‘machines: for
work - have been: with us. for.
over half a century, it is onlya_
half dozen years: since people

have been turning to them, in’.
ever. increasing numbers, for

“sport travel.”
. Shorter hours for the’ time-
.¢lock worker.and for the busi-

“ness.and professional man too,
a plus the greater, affluence: of 3
Oo ‘society have ©
o brought the snowmobile out and:
nto the. off-road fun class for

*Canadian.

PTT E is

“sale overing t the is Enel 0

O-C-S-2-2--0-@-9-0-3--G-

“Although snow planes: and»

{
t
4
4
4
4

SO -Sr-S---D

currently enjoying a boom in-
this direction, but the snow- =)
- mobile heads the list. More
‘of these machines were sold-
in 1969° in North America than
the — total of the previous five —
_ years. " ;
‘This in spite of the. fact that :
many areas..were short on /§
snow. The prediction is that this
season will triple last year’s
‘Sales, and with | so many ‘city -§
~ people happy. to at. least get
short periods. away’ from ‘the .
Smoggy, ” groggy’ rat race, it:
“looks. like. snowmobiling. will
- continus onth ie ‘upgrade for S¢v-
“eral. years ahead. .

* Goose Down
Bags.

weasel family. Tt measures two |
feet long. without. the tail. :

on the | way to top. po

One thing is certain’ - few
people | who have had a chance
to. try the: fun of family or
club _ participation, or racing,

* Single Pole Tents :
Sleeping

Outdoors Clothing -
* Packframes & Rucsacs
* (Climbing Hardware,

a aa as
Pn Or? Po

are ready ‘to give it up. As: al
~ leisure sport, it: has stabiliz-
ed . and from here on can only
get bigger. and better. cas

yourkalf a Datsurr 1600 ple

and you! ro ready fo 40,

and you drive wround B60

months, So all you pay tor

se np an rad

This is taking tor araritad thal yautve qor

bath camper you've filled i witty food, :

Rarata tags pick the aatinyy ta er ae you,
Lot's way you have a two wok vacation

VOUT WATTATTY! COveri. Niost unexpected:
ape tiotn TOP i rst 14. Guu nile on te

tal Oe en wt

AIRY Ott Yes eth

*
PE Te nba astig pales
oo ‘

Oey

Mm

; is ‘Aye

WeMAPs ee ay
ae

My
Rann

ao yee
Mi
live Wee
a ite
vt
X ii

TIT He

ce

us eugene
fit ale

kup dad fours around thirty mijos (0 the galton, witha:

SGHMpOr Up top TY only averages about
twantyetive, Go. gas lg $6 a day. And
whan your Uinaliy dey dig home, ahs

thy camper and you've gal a sngond car
that & an earry a fon,

milns a day.
Average. cost of.2 wook vacation: $70.

in gaa. $2.8 200, (even when you add a campor,

tiie more-for-your-monoy truck | oe ; a

foe OWS Eau ur
PH He ashe ft

i wt Rt
att

And aihough 4 Dateun ‘plokwe. Gan ge
anlyad ‘

Yeon’
Avaraga coat of a Dalnun pickup: around 7
‘ Hanican 1.4%.

it's atill almivot $2 000 cheaper than any
ie on. the.

other campor- {tue I

today)
And with, ‘gavings. like that, think where :
om u. wari 0 nal yous,

i inwet TEOTE TAA bite PONY ¢
ey thin mete er Ae
on omer TAM, Pariticame

are

0 A eh es aia are

‘There aro ) mora than 1000 Datsun dealers across, Canada and tho N ‘S. A.

thes