*

“and the Milky ‘Way~
: ‘defined.

By WIN D. WILLOWS

All. outdoorsmen like to think
that they can take a quick squint
round the horizon, hold up a wet
finger to get the wind direction
and then. forecast the day’s
weather.

It isn’t that easy.

Today’s weather satelites, that
have been launched into earth
orbit and send back automatic
picture transmission, are fine for
the sophisticated city dweller
sitting beside his television set.

But they only give a general
forecast: covering a. wide area
and you don’t always have a TV
handy when you're | camping
beside a wilderness lake 40 miles
from-the nearest corner store.

And you'll be glad to learn the

. weathermen still rely on a

barometer and some of the tried
and. true weather signs in
forecasting local conditions.

Here are two methods of
forecasting.

The first is rule of the thumb
methods used by outdoorsmen
nearly 50 years ago. The second
are. signs drawn up by the
present day weatherman, with
the aid of a barometer.

Also included’ are. signs for
anticipating winds.

The oldtimers’ rules on wind:

Changes of wind -and bad-

_ weather may be expected when

objects a long distance away are
unusually clear.

.... Note, the direction _of the wind ....
on the vernal equinox (March

21) as the prevailing winds. for.
the. next three months will be.
from this. direction.

~ Tf red: tinged clouds float high
in the sky around sundown you’

can expect wind very shortly.

When crows are seen to tumble
and pitch in the air a gale: may t be

_ expected...

~ Rain forecasts: :

“When the eastern sky is-red*
before sunrise. If the sun. sets
with a tinted halo around it.

- If the sun shines. through: any
. water y haze'in the afternoon rain -

can be expected during the night. -
If the moon ‘has. a-large circle .

: or halo some distance from it. Tf.

ning: If the sky is. unusually dark ~
and .the stars are very numerous -
is. clearly. :

oulf field | sparrows
; vigorously ina puddle. |

wash

~ If on a fine day, the dust sud- :
denly rises in.a revolving spiral
column, =
TE chickens | or other domestic.

fowl continue to feed when rain

~ begins to fall it-will continue. If
they run for shelter the rain will 7
_ be of short duration. .
‘And that’s the oldtimer and his
. chickens forecast.

‘Here’s how the modern
weatherman forecasts, with the
aid of a barometer.

Look to unsettled weather
when:

The barometer is falling. The
temperature at night is higher
than usual. The clouds move in
different directions at. different
levels. High thin white (cirrus)
clouds increase.

A large ring appears around
the moon or sun and stays there
until the overcast clouds thicken
and obscure the moon.or sun.

Summer = afternoon. clouds
darken.

Look for steady rain. when:

. There have been signs of un-
settled weather (above) and the
wind is south or southeast and
pressure is falling. If pressure is
falling slowly it could rain (or
snow). within.a day. If. falling
rapidly, rain soon with in-
creasing winds. If the wind is
southeast to northeast, and the
pressure falling expect rain or
snow soon.

If thunderclouds are
developing against a south or
southeast wind.

- Look for showers when:

Thunderclouds. develop in a
westerly wind. Cumulus’ clouds’
develop rapidly in a spring or
summer early afternoon.

Look for clearing weather
when: _
oThe “barometer” rises. The:
winds shift into the west or north «
west. The temperature falls.

Look for. bright and sunny

weather when:

‘You can look directly at the sun
as it sets like a ball of fire.

The barometer is steady or |

slowly. -rising: — Cloudiness
decreases late in the afternoon.
‘Morning fog breaks within’ two
hours after sunrise. There is a_
light breeze from the west: or
northwest. There is a red sunset.

‘Look for. higher: temperatures
when:,_ a

The. barometer - ‘falls. Ine
summer a falling barometer may.
indicate. cloudy weather, which:

will be cooler than clear weather. :
=there is a rainbow in the: mor-.

The wind swings away from the :

north - or. the. west. When. the”

Morning sky is: clear, except.

Look for, tower ‘temperatures
owhen:

The wind swings from south
“west to west, or from west to the _

“northwest or north. When skies

‘are clearing. Exception could be |
clearing skies in the morning
which will likely mean warmer.

weather. in«.the afternoon, par-—
: ticularly i in summer. 3

_ blow.

still warm and a frost has chilled
- the: ground overnight. ~
~ And that-sums up three’ ‘sets of

when the barometer is high or is. in the Pacific .

rising. in the winter time, or if the -
= wind i is strong from the north or
west. o :

In the winter, if the barometer
rises or snow flurries occur with
a west or north wind. ©

The fall in temperature will be
gradual if the pressure is low and
falling rapidly and the wind is
east or northeast and slowly
backing into the north.

Here. are some woodsmen’s
hints on anticipating winds.
Something that every fisherman
or boatman should know.

Clouds aid in predicting types
of. breezes. High. flying cirrus
clouds, nicknamed mare’s tails,
predict a rising wind and show —
the direction from where it will

Billowy, white cumulus clouds
are created by. ascending air
during warm weather. Due to the
rising air, cooler air will rush in
to fill the vacuum thus producing
heavy winds in that vicinity.
Steer clear of them if you are on
the water.

Low, dark, solid stratus clouds
that cover the sky, signal a
steady wind which will remain as
long as the clouds are present,
sometimes for three days.

Clearing. skies. will bring
smooth water.

Changes in wind speed and.

direction can be spotted by ob-
serving smoke.” :

If it climbs slowly straight up

_the air is quiet. If it breaks as it

climbs, or wavers, there is
turbulence which suggests winds
are on the way.

‘If it climbs, then flattens out, it

‘means masses of warm and cold

air are meeting at that, level and
rain. is.in the offing.

Smoke spreading out at water
level « or flat in the valleys means:
the air is full of dampness and fog

is. likely: .
‘A warm wind coming in off.a
large body of water and hitting a _.
~~ cold-land* mass. will: quite often .

‘produce fog. This can be noticed.
in the fall: when the lake water is

hints“ on forecasting’ ‘the winds.
‘and the weather. One thing more,

‘trenches’ ‘can. give. the’ wrong:

impression | of the true direction
of the wind as it swirls in various’
“-directions in the passes,

-If.you: are boating on a new.
mountain lake ask the local
~ inhabitants which direction the”

bad weather winds come from,
‘And. don't’ forget the old

seadogs’ two rules. Red at night, ©

a sailor's delight.’ Red in the

morning, a a sailor's warning, ' ne

RENT A TRAILER is a novel approach for those who want to try camping out before
buying a recreational vehicle. At Rainbow Park, on Kootenay Lake in B.C., the Prebuilt
industries Ltd., Lethbridge. Alta., manufacturers of Scamper RVs and campers, have set
up the park to provide more camper park space. Eimer Ferguson, director of the firm, is-.
co-chairman of the Canadian Mobile and Travel Trailer Association’s commiitee that is
preparing a brief to the national parks body, Ottawa, pointing up the need for improved

park facilities. Above, youngsters try camping in camper park.

-camping in:the wilderness with

: Northwest | the :

narrow. valleys and: mountain bone them, first thing is to have a_

- sharp. thin, knife. You. can pick:

On all western streams

~ Salmon. eggs | eed: bait |

Salmon opus have always been
noted as one of the best baits for
Pacific Coast steelhead when the
fish are making their winter or
summer spawning runs up the
coastal ‘streams, ~ Coastal
fishermen alsa use them for
trout fishing in lakes, especially
if they are Jakes: which are

traversed by salmon on their way -

to their spawning streams.
Now fishermen on B.C, interior.
— and Alberta streams are finding
that salinon eqs are deadly bait

in stream fishing for trout.
First,
make, sure that they ure legal
bait dns your- area, Check: the:

“ regulations and also the fishery

offieer inthe area where you are

-foing to fish.

‘Salmon eges, ke most bait,

| _ should be drifted gently with the ©
eurrent: when stream — fishing,

However there) are certain
factors such as the water depth, -
current, boulders and snags to
contend with,

Naturalist

Jack Miner
honored

National Wildlife Week for 1971

WAS observed neross Canida
April 4-10, Tt is an annual ob-
servance declared, by an Act af
Parliament Gn Vey,

It-is the week which contains
the date April 10, the birtvlay of

the late Jack Miner who won

Wui kiewide acchadish ab) Wiis
Canada's early naturalists.
~The Canadian — Wildlife
Federation at the request of the
Pedoral aad Provincial peverr
ments and in conjunction with
the Alberta  Pish. arct Game
Association, the B.C, Wildlife

Federation. amd other wildlife
federations across Canada,
provides leadership for special
Fach year.

cducation pr URTaITA, t

Spight bbe ld wedtiageabyat-e

‘before yous try them,»

r
ie

i Steelhead fishermen have their
salmon eggs bouncing along the
bottom and the same goes for the
salmon egy trout fisherman. The
plan is to make it look like i

natural egg that is rolling along ©

with the current. only a trifle
slower,

This of course means: you ure
going to run into the various

“snags inentioned above and you.”
are

roing to lose some. weights
and hooks. that get caught up
between rocks or snaps.”
Vou can use artificial s
caus that can be purchased in a
jar at any sporting goods store or
you can buy salmon roe ata fish
store and silt and) cure the ree at
home;

In any case whatever type ‘of

“salmon egg yououse the main
thing is put the ea on the hook:

firmly. Insert the point of the
ok in one side then gently push
the egg further on the hook and

around the barb until the. point of:

the hook comes out the other side
of the hook, It will then resemble
an Q (the egg) with a U (the
» curved section of the hook) inside

the 0,
A leader ig then attached to the

oe

hook and to a three-way or T

swivel which is attached to the
line, The vertical section of the T
swivel is uced to attach a short
leader and then attached to the
weight, :

This weight leader should not
he mare than VAinches in leneth,
ane shorter than that if you want

o keep your bait close to the
bottom The hook leader can
val 2 uy ty te va fee “et depending : an
the “type of stream you are
fishing. And incidentally, some
fishermen make a loop of the
Soader at the eveenf the hook And
Toop the salmon eit with a lasso
knot,

Your dropper leader ‘to your
weight should be of lighter
material than the hook leader a
it will break first and thus save
Wie lun sep,

tenlbeidheded eget

salmon

You ce in. use the ball type of

- sinker witha swivel so that it can’

roll along the bottom, Better still
is the plastic or rubber cylinder
holder with & swivel on top. A
section. of pliable tube: lead is
“Inserted in the holder,

You can buy the soft lead in

rolls and the. tubing at any

sporting goods: store, With. this

type of weight you can cut off any»
length of lead you want to pet the >
.vorreet weight in the current.and

the dead, being pliable, rarely
pets hong up in rocks.

One thing to remember, Don’ L
make the hook-up too’ big or
heavy, Ii ean easily. spook: the
trout when thrown into the water,
” Always) approach’ ae stream:
quietly and cautiously, a shadow

-on the water or the noise of boots -
scraping on rocks can put the fish,

down snd off their feed,
~~ Salmon exes should be flicked

ently and accurately up and:

_eross-stream, The eggs will tien
drift naturally. with the current,

Be sure to try the pockets
behind boulders. and: have the
bait drift along where the bank is
-undercut by the stream. There
are usually some deep holes in
those spots and some fair sized
fish,.

ALASKAN
CAMPER

It Raises -

Wt Lowers
Hydraulically
Loe Sway and wind resimtance
White travelling ine jawered
Posen, Plus Maximun height
while camping. Offers low center

ut Gravity o~ manguverability, Can
ba Paiked and lowered i Gecands,

Write taday for Free
Grochure and Price List

MOBILE LIVING

PRODUCTS LTD.
Dept, WN", $124-47A St
LAQOMBE, ALBERTA

Smoking fish is nifty way -

You've _ limited out. while
fishing and you arrive back at:
camp or the house with more fish
than-you can eat in a month of
‘Fridays: - -

What to do? Smoking them is
the answer especially if you are

no chance of refrigerating the
fish. And smoked fish, especially
ones’ smoked by yourself, taste.
scrumptious.

If. the fish .are: ‘running’ ‘two
‘pounds and up, it’s. a good idea to’

‘.. fillet them. Some fishermen don’t.
*» filet them but just cut the back-
-bone so the fish lays flat. A series ©

“of. sharp. ‘cuts: and. one..on each’

to. keep. those limit. coichee.

Ae slab of scrap . plywood,

rubbed with cooking. oil,..makes”-

‘an ideal: cutting © board.

If you are going to bone the fish.

continue the cut from the vent to

the tail. Insert. knife flatly bet-.
ween tail backbone and press
- knife towards head cutting flesh
from. the ribs and: backbone...
~ Turn fish..-over.-.and: repeat.
operation. Now loosen bone from.
the tail and lift out the bone cage.”
Jt should separate from the flesh ~

quite easily. Remove any fish

adhering to bones and press back .

into thin’ spots of the fish. Cut off

ready for smoking.

side of the tail: up. to the backbone *

iil make it easy to flatten out”

the fish, ready for smoking. a
But if you are. going to fillet: or. we

one up-at any. tackle store: You.

should also have a small oil stone .

to keep the knife sharp. > ~
You open’ the fish by slicing

: along the stomach from the anal:
vent to the throat, Clean out the:
_ innards and wipe:the inside dry.

’Now. comes..the. filleting. Cut:

-along the backbone, both sides of

the dorsal fin from back. of -the-

head to the tail, Make a cut at an
angle and just behind the gills so
“the flesh is free from the head.
Lift. the flesh up and follow. the

contour of the rib cage with your

knife until you reach the tail. .

_ Now you can make a.cut across
‘the tail and free the fillet and

“take the skin off or smoke it with ©

the skin on: You can take the skin -
off by not cutting. through the
skin at the tail. Instead: turn the
fillet skin dewn on ‘the cutting.
board, .. Then | holding the skin’
firmly and using the tail as an
anchoring point start the knife
between the shin-and. the flesh.”
Press. the. blade: flat. and - cut
forward always pointing. the:
knife towards the skin so no flesh

~ is wasted. The blade. will remove.
“the skin easily, usually without”
~ cutting. the flesh,

The same method is use M if you
have already cutoff the fillet, but.

“it will be a little harder to. hold

firm.

the fish over and repeal,

~ SPORTSMEN'S —
HEADQUARTERS |

wen ‘Abe am
a ‘alti

bial

‘WRITE TODAY

FREE

Copy of our 1971-72 Catalog,
Over 380 pages packed with
thancande 9 yahia nroked
sporting itema, complete
selection of Hunting, Fishing,
Boating and © Camping
Tajuipiakid, Algo dicheiy,

Base seball, Tennis, Badminton,

WS Me De riviot Ave,
Dept. 7G

WINNIPEG 2, MAN,

After filletings sone side just turn

~ Put them.in.a pan. and sprinkle

‘them liberally with. ‘pickling salt:
--and- leave them’ two. or. three
hours until-flesh ‘is stiff.

~ Once the flesh hardens, . you~
“then place. the fishi ina. brine. The
‘old timers. used to- say. “strong”
enough to float a potato in.” A lot.
-depends on how. long you are .
‘going to leave the fish, In a.

strong brine they should be ready

in an hour or two. In a brine of

one gallon of water to one cup of

salt they should be left overnight.
_A Stoneware crock or plastic

‘container is best to hold fish: .

Still: going on.

slowly
getting pickled, andthe time:

during brining period as salt will

: corrode a metal container.

> While. the fish>are:

varies from. one to 12 hours,

‘depending..on the taste’ ‘and 7
mixture of the brine, “you should

be getting your rack teady.-

“A hole i in the gr ound with a fire ;

; i. pit” ‘one - foot. deep, . and:a rack oe
tail. Next move is to get the fish ” imade. of metal rods such as a°~

refrigerator. ‘shelf, chicken’ wire;
is: put between four Poles

‘The rack ‘should be. about four
feet above .the ground « and ‘th

poles should extend: another foot.
_above this so that the.whole rack

‘can be: covered: ‘with’ ‘burlap: or’ program i in Banff National Park
some other material that will —

keep most. of the smoke in | the

smokehouse.

OUTDOOR SUPPLEMENT — MAY, 1971

SURVIVAL TIPS

By EWART WILSON

The. American explorer. and
woodsman Daniel Boone . was
once asked if he was ever lost in
the woods? His reply was: ‘‘Well
I was once confused for three
days but never lost.”

And that just about sums the
feelings of any experienced
outdoorsman who may lose his
way and stray from the trail back
to his camp.

So long as he does not let panic
overcome his judgement he will

_ survive and will find his way
~back..

Panic is fear, fear is ignorance
and knowledge. conquers fear.

All you need before going into
the woods is/a little knowledge of
what to do.

Here are some basic survival
items any outdoorsman should
have with him when hiking in the
forests of the Pacific Northwest.
This list does not. include winter
equipment -but only what is
needed. if lost in the summer
months. |
'. For example you need at least
two. quarts. of water a day, a
gallon in very hot climates, to
prevent dehyration.

In the west there are plenty of
streams: and small lakes: but a
woodsman should. still carry a

~ small water bottle.
First. on the must list is a-

‘compass, second is: a good

«lighter , plus matches. wranned in...

wax paper and put in a: water-
proof. container, third is.a small.

mirror; a small sheet of chromed.

steel will -do, fourth.a small axe

or Rood knife and a first aid ite.

-flame.at-night.

There are other items such as
emergency ration kits,
flashlight, etc., but the list. above
is basic equipment that can be
carried in a knapsack without
adding too much weight.

First the compass. If you are in
new. territory. always take a
compass bearing from the camp
in the direction you are going to
travel that day. In short if you
start off in a south-west direction
from your camp you travel back
to the camp. in. the reverse
direction, north-east. -

If. you-are‘in known territory
and get Jost: then use your.
compass to find north and. from
that you can usually get a
general idea which way. te go to
reach some habitation, a lake or
a road.

A lighter is an ideal survival . -.
instrument. Be sure you have a>
good flint in it and it is filled with
lighter fluid. But in case you lose
it you should also carry matches
in a separate pocket.

Wrap them in a wax paper. and
put them in a waterproof con-.
tainer, you can pick up a plastic
cylinder with a fool-proof lid. at :
any drug’ store.

Now. if you’re lost pick a high
spot, in the open if possible, and:

.build..a. fire! .Make.. it “into /a‘»-

column of smoke: during the’
daylight hours and-a_ pillar of:

The flames can spotted by.
searchers, will keep you warm at...
night and: will: also discourage

any wild animals. from prowling ee

too ‘close.

‘the name of a project initiated by.
the Trail Wildlife. Association ©
which upon> completion” ‘could
result. in: the: transfer of more”
than 100 elk from Banff. National
Park-to the. West Kootenays. ue

tial plans for: the’ ‘transplan
'1969.when the’ Trail - Wildlife -
Association” found: that. the =

- National: Parks | Branch. was .
earrying <out an. elk” trapping ©

and that some of these animals

into B.C.”

Operation. Elk Transplant is

were available for. ‘(transplant

“Phe first phase of the project:

-called for an initial transplant of. - a

50 animais, the first shipment of -

>which was received i inthe middle...
“of December and consisted: of 3
-bulls, 6 cows and one bull calfA
~ second. shipment Of 12: animal
arrived on. Jan. 27, 1971. | Al we

vere first discussed i in the fall of ou

‘Sumiit. :
“Association’s Ss permit allowed the’
‘transfer -of. ‘a. total. _of .50--elk
“members (of the | ‘project. are.
hopeful that an: additional 28:
animals. will be released | in. 1 the:

has going for it?

_sun-roof that’s how.

How do you top a car with
all the successes that Gremlin

You top it with a fold away fi

Now when you're rolling
along the highway at a gas
_scrimping 27 miles per gallon.
or when. you're turning into a.
..tight parking spot with that.
~ amazing 33 foot turning circle
...or when you're carrying af

_ load of cargo on that fold down Wauiiiany:..
-vear seat... . or when you. pull into ¢ a gas
station:< and < order a full 400 miles worth of ,

oan)

‘game area this spring.

gas... and you feel like telling |
“the world what a great feeling |
itis to drive a Gremlin... why”
you just slide open your sun-
- roof and shout it out for all
you're worth.
Right now the sun-roof Grem: is
j lin‘is open for inspection at© 9° >
-your American Motors Dealer, °°,
It's a specially equipped and =:
‘ specially priced carthat'sguar-
eve anteed to bring out the funin
0 everyone. It’s also a fairly. lime | ood
ted edition so act quickly or: you' ul ‘Spend nd
another summer indoors. — ee