thousands of years ago? Gonciuded ‘ere his people the first dwellers at the Great Fraser Midden Peoples of the Fraser Midden Long-headed skulls were un- covered, skulls with the keel ridge found today only among the Eskimos. The artifacts un- covered with them too, were similar to those used by the Eskimos in historic | times. Scientific opinion bolstered the conclusion that the first inhabi- tants of the midden were Eski- mos. The significance of this was staggering. As T. P. O. Menzies, curator of Vancouver Museum, pointed out: “If these men were Eskimos they would have been re- treating at the edge of the ice cap during the last reces- sion of the ice after the ice age. If so, their antiquity would be thousands of years greater than the _ estimate heretofore assigned to them then City of about 3,000 years. It would approximate 10,000 years.” To this George Green, pioneer B.C. historian, added a footnote observation. The glacial till left by the last re- treat of the ice came to the edge of but did not cover the midden. ‘Scientists are generally agreed that man did not originate in the Americas but migrated in successive waves through northern China and_ Siberia across. the Bering Straits and thence through Alaska, up the Mackenzie Valley, down the trench of the Rockies and east, west and south through the continent. The first migrants, the people who left their Folsom points * over a vast area, came to the Americas perhaps 15,000 years ago. : Soviet, Canadian and Ameri- can scientists are still piecing together the story and one benefit of the relaxed inter- national atmosphere should be an exchange of information which will supply some of the missing pieces. One part of this story is in the caves of the Choukoutien Hills above Peking, where the skull of Peking Man was dis- covered. There, in 1939, a Chinese scientist discovered the bones of a family who had met violent death some 20,000 years ago. Three types, a primitive Nean- derthal type, a Melanesian type characteristic of southeast Asia and an Eskimo type, were rep- resented among them. All were types that have been found on this continent. Bo The conclusion ~ scientists drew was that they were fore- runners of the first migration to the Americas. Another part of this story is on Kodiak Island in Alaska. There, in 1947, the skeleton of an Eskimo was found in Pleis- tocene gravel 10,000 years old, upsetting all previously held theories about the Eskimos as the last comers to this contin- ent some 3,000 years ago. Still another part of this story, the story of man’s com- pelling urge to know his origins even as he: embarks upon the conquest of outer space, lies in the Great Fraser Midden. 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