., 1 DOCUMENT NAME/INFORMANT: MISS KATIE O/NEILL INFORMANT/S ADDRESS: MASSET (1) INTERVIEW LOCATION: TRIBE/NATION: LANGUAGE: ENGLISH DATE OF INTERVIEW: SEPTEMBER 9. 1966 INTERVIEWER: INTERPRETER: TRANSCRIBER: MELANIE NESS SOURCE: TAPE NUMBER: DISK: PAGES: RESTRICTIONS: HIGHLIGHTS: 1231:1 .~ , 2 2* ...about your famIly. yOU know. about Barkerv1lle really, and how they got to Barkervllle. Because th1s 1s a, we haven/t got too much about Barkerville, like you to tell me something. Oh, yes. I/d This is of course before your, your day that you/d remember ** you know. too much or anything. My mother went there a bride, you see, in eighteen seventy-nine. Yes, eighteen seventy-nine. * Where did she come from? ** She came from her mother/s ranch on the Cariboo Road. But, she was born in New York. * What was her name? ** Marianne * And how did she come out? ** She came out with her parents, Vezie (?). gold rush from New York. and they came out to the There were four of them in the family, two boys and two girls. San Francisco, Did she ... And they came out by way of and landed at Westminster, you know, and the small pox was raging then, and they were stuck there for nine months. And the oldest girl, she was twelve, she died, and there was another little girl born there. So in nine months time they started up the Cariboo Road, and when they 3 got to about. sixteen miles out of Ashcroft. there was an old log cabin on the road and Grandma said. "I~m not going another step." pocket. They only had fifty cents left in their So they just stayed there and they had some trading stuff with them you know. and she had lots of nice Irish linen sheets and they lined this cabin with the sheets. they stayed there all winter. and in the spring I think it was, they went down across the road and pre-empted there, and that was their Bonny Part Ranch (?). people next door to them, the Walkers, grand-daughter postmaster, the land And the there~s a living here now, her husband~s Mr. Lee. And the She was a, it~s funny how the people, meet and connect. * So that was the beginning ** Yes, that was the beginning * Mr. Beatty was with them. ** Yeah, oh yes. oh yes. of Bonny Part Ranch, was it? of the Bonny Part Ranch. Grandpa was there. and they had no money, and there was no people, but they~d sell anything to if they could raise things ...you know, stuff on the farm. Well, Grandma used to go out nursing, and that~s the way she, earned a little money. Kamloops, and Ashcroft, She went from Clinton, and (inaudible). to She was the, the 4 midwife of the country. old-timers Oh, I could name so many of the that she nursed, you know. * Such as? ** The Harvey-Bailey/s Bailey/s, in Ashcroft, and the Haddock/s, * and and I can/t think, remember name of that ...judge in Vancouver. there. the Harvey/s And so many old-timers the His people used to be in I ... They were really on their way to Barkerville, were they? ** Yes. * Just on up a little further. ** Yes. They were on their way to the gold vein. Grandma was just tired of al I that. just stopped * And then ... Do you know anything Ranch, that happened at the Bonny Part in her young days, in your mother/s anything ** there. And they young days, like that. Well, I wouldn/t know that part of it because she, she in Wi) liam/s Lak~, the convent there. jV.l(/r1feJ'2 was going to school And that/s where she met her, future husband. * How did that happen? 5 II W~ll, h~ wae on hie way to Barkerville from ...Skwawkeegan (?) ...Wakeegan Illinois? William/s Lake, and he was a Catholic, sisters/ there, and the priests/, an addition and he stopped at the and helped them build, add onto the school at William/s Ft{'-/U 1'2E' And he got to Lake, and when that i-/-V 5134 IV]) -- was fininshed, .,he was on his way to Barkervil Ie, but he had met my mother then you see, she was a border there, and that/s where the romance started. after something (inaudible), And then, it was a year like that, and they were married, 1879. from the And they went to Barkervil Ie, by stage, and the stage broke down at Stanley had to walk in on snowshoes I think it was, and they from there to Barkerville. And then 1880, my sister Mrs. Boss (?) was born, Mattie O/Neill. And then Wiggs was born two years later in 1882. born, another two years, 1884. Then I was And I was three years old when my father died, and he/s buried up at, near the old court house you know, have you ever been there, at the old court house? And, the graves are gone, though. Surveyors were trying to locate the graves, and the little Catholic church that was there, but I don/t know if they ever did or not. Mr. Bucken (?) was the engineer. * What was your father/s name? Veeoie? O{fI/&/bb 6 * No, your father. ** Oh, Charles Patrick * Dld he come from the states originally? ** Yes. O/Neill. Charles Patrick O/Neill. His people came from the Old Ireland, but he came from the states. * What brought him up into this country? ** Well I think the gold rush. and his father married Yes. He was an only child again, so he left home and went out seeking his fortune. * What was he doing ** He was a blacksmith. * Was he one of the first ones there? ** I don/t know that. * Anything in Barkerville? Yes. I don/t know that. about him, any incidents or that happened about him, in Barkervil Ie or anything ** Well, I wouldn/t, of course only three, but I don/t remember, might have remembered wouldn/t, too young. like that? I wouldn/t remember, I was any, Mrs. Boss or Wiggs things, you know, like that, but I 7 * You don/t remember Barkervl1 Ie at all, really, hardly, or do you? ** Not when I was there first, Just going back to it. I expect to go back and see it like I see pictures of it, with all the, you know, the stumps of trees al lover the hil Is, when I went back the trees had all grown up. * (inaudible), * ... baptized ~ ** ~ is there (break in tape) there? (?). At Grandmother/s farm. Because sent to, Barkervil Ie for my, I sent to ...about myoId pension. I wrote to the priest at Kamloops. l~tt~r to the prieBt at QueBnel. Government Agent, up there. I age And he sent my And he paBBed it on to the And, I got it back, signed by Mr. Bryant, who used to be our Government Agent here. * Mr. Bryant. ** Mrs. Bryant, she lives here now, you see, she works What was he ... in the Bulkley Hotel at the desk there, and her son/s a schoolteacher I * here. But Mr. Bryant was at Barkerville, when sent for the ... Now, then what way did you go after Barkerville? said your dad died there ... You " 8 ** Yes, he died and was buried there, and then my mother married again, and we went over to the Queen Charlotte Islands. * Who dId ** Mr. Alexander. she marry again? He was Hudson Bay man, in Quesnel. ----------- What was his first name, his full name? ** James Marsden Lyndsay Alexander. Yeah. It was Hudson Bay ...factor. ~ * You didn~t ** No, just a, oh. I think we were there two years. two years. live in Quesnel, then, at all. Yes, Yes, and from there, then when he was going into raising cattle on the Queen Charlotte Islands e went over to Masset . '--------~ . * What was the story of that, of the cattle business, the ...? TP You~re (inaudible), every time! * I know that, I~m sorry. I~ll try and hold on. TP Try and hold on. on 9 ~ 'lee, the, the, tell ue the et orv of the cattle. whole business. you know, why he wanted happened and so forth. ** to raise cattle. what Well, he and another Hudson Bay man, R. H. Hall, were going to go into this, I don~t know why they picked Masset. Queen Charlotte enthusiastic Island. Anyway, about this business so my stepfather they were very, they were going to work up, went over there and took the whole family, and Mr. Hall didn~t resign, he stayed on with his good Job! And we were only over there three years when, we were going ------- to come over to Port Simpson to live, when he got word from the Hudson Bay. would he take over the post unti 1 they could -- get someone else there, so he was in the Hudson Bay there, right ln Masset Simpson. for a year. Then from there we went to Port And well, he didn~t do anything had the post office for a while, during the Klondike and he was custom officer '-- rush, and that~s where he dled, in 1900, and one, he died there. family started there, he was, he And we llved down there until the to scatter. and ... * You were quite young then, when your stepfather ** Yes, he died in nineteen-hundred /qo/ and one. I would be what ... ! was born in ~84, he died in nineteen-hundred one. died. and 10 * You were seventeen. ** Seventeen? * Tell me about, you remember was like there, Yeah. Masset at all, and what living there, how they were it living, how we were living, and so on? ** Well, we went out to this farm, this ranch, out at a place called Seewot (?), and that was just an ordinary farm house, and a lot of cattle around, you know, and a beautiful beach there, oh my it was a lovely beach, miles and miles of beautiful sand that they could, Mother and Father used to go horseback riding on, you couldn/t see the print of the hoof in the sand, it was so firm you know, so hard, like cement. Well that/s al 1 there was to that out there but when we came back into Masset we lived in Hudson Bay house ... I had a picture there. I thought Of the old Masset house, Hudson Bay house. ~ * Were the Collins/s, ** No Keene, the Collins/s that, the Reverend the Collins/s there at that time? had left quite a while before Keene was there, and, but before that there was a Reverend Harrison, went off ranching himself, but he left the ministry but, near Seewot, and .. and 11 * Was, what had happened your stepfather ** get out of it? There was no market your beef. to the cattle ranching. why did for the cattle, no place to sell Like the Caribou was no place for Grandma and Grandpa to sel I their vegetables. Yes, they had to, there was no place to sell the cattle. So they, I think they were bringing them back, and going to put them on some island near Port Simpson steamboat, there and they dumped them over off the and they lost them all. ~ drowned, or ... So that was the end of the, the, the ranching. ~Course, there~s nothing Simpson. Wasn~t a farming country. * They were kil led, or like that at Port How did you find Port Simpson after, like there after ...? ** Oh, well of course I was so young when we went there first, but after we started to grow up and go to school, oh we just loved it. Oh, just a lovely spot. right on the beach. And we lived ~-------~ At high tide the water would just ~ splash up on our, windows. And the boats coming from the south, you know, we only had, was it one or two a month, used to come in, dock. just pass in front of our house into the Or we~d see the boats going to Alaska, they all had to come in there to clear, you know, support of clearance. f 12 It was changed from Fort Simpson to Port Simpson, and all the Alaska boats called a week or something in there. And then we got one boat like that, you know. * Did the climate bother you at all? ** No, it was nice. Lovely climate this, maybe a little more rain than some places but, we never felt that. was nice there, lovely. Oh, it Those beaches were Just beautiful, you know. * What was there of the town, and the city, I mean the village and so on, what was there there then? ** Well, there was Hudson Bay post, and the steamboat, ~ headquarters for the steamboat, Rupert then, you see. ~..--- the riverboats, no Prince And there was a government office, and then a hospital was built, (brief break in tape) I don~t remember it being built, so I must have been quite young. Dr. Bolton was our first doctor there, there was a --------------- missionary, and then then there~s the Anglican church was built, rectory was there, then on the other side of this road was the, there was a road divided the Hudson Bay property there. from the village. Big Indian village, you know, When we went there the Reverend Thomas Crosby was the first missionary, and ... 13 What ** remember about (~O YOU I don/t Well, remember him'? so much about him, because we didn/t meet him, but Mrs. Crosby used to take, hold Sunday school every Sunday, for two months Bolton went to the hospital camries (?) were working, the Skeena, in Port Essington. Catholics her well. do with Mr. Crosby, Anything take over the Sunday or Anglicans took over all the white children. thing, I remember or Methodists. But we didn/t have so much to no. happen while you were there, any incident, that would be typical of life there, or things that happened Why, She She was a dear little growing up there, that you remember, ** When the you see, Dr. Bolton would go to and then Mrs. Crosby would school, whether * in the summer when Dr. I don/t know. there? There was of course the excitment of the Klondike boats coming in, and then the excitment ----- -------------... --- ---~ •.. •..... every summer of the riverboats Skeena, getting you know, they had quarters ready to go to the down there, it would be ~ at Port Essington end, then. That/s twelve mi Ies up the Skeena, oh then when the mine6 et ertec, great actvlty you loi.ftmoQ th(lf-(1 'clu6 a the, the boats had to cal I In to the office to do al I their, you know, registering of ----------------------- government mine. and their claims and al I that, from Stewart, -------.~ -----~ and AlIce 14 c.aP7ne-r V Arm (?). and all that part. and then the camPY boats would -----..J al I be. always came into, to, to, I think it was the ca.p;nerte5 Indians. to go to their different c~es (?). you know. cannert they, the ~y managers. And that, the harbour seemed ful I -- of boats all the time. * Then where did you ...? ** Tugs. * Where did you go from Port Simpson. where did you yourse If go? ** Well, after I left, when I left Port Simpson. the. came up the Skeena, as telegraph operator, operator to Minskinish. there. but they couldn/t else to send up there. I went up ------------ to the Tomlinson/s And I wasn/t such a good get any, couldn/t find anyone So I was the one that went to Minsklnlsh. and I/ve always been so glad I met the Tomlinson/s. you know. Lived so intimately with the family, ------------------~ and knew them. and all this talk about them being funny. well they may have been funny in a way, but it wasn/t so strange. really. They had their little •..but who hasn/t got their little funny ways? they were so nice. and Yes, oh I enjoyed them so much. 15 * How would you describe the Reverend Tomlinson, the old man? so normal. He was very strict about the rules of his village, but they were his rules, and every city ~ hasn"t * has laws, it? Did the ...people in the village, like these rules? Did they respect them? ** They did. Very much so. They did. As Mrs. Moberly said, you know, the jail was only used once, in all the years it was up. So they must have. * Do you remember ** No, I don"t remember it there, must have been. used. being used? it. The Jail? Must, perhaps, before I went "Cause I never remembered It had a bandstand on it, I think it looked like it anyway, on top. it being was a bandstand, 1"11 give you a picture of '---- it. Yes, but I"d enjoyed Mrs. Tomlinson, * How would you describe her, and what sort of lady ...? ** Oh, such a nice, motherly home. there. Well, both were. person. just ... So nice in her own The older ones had gone when I got 16 * This telegraph the first place? business, how did you get into that in Dld you, did you know something about it, before you ...? ** naffte.Oh, well, my sister Methle sent me to a place in Vancouver know, and that/s how I ... from, from Vancouver, Seattle she was then, to learn the, code, you And then that summer I came up and she and my mother went off to the fair for three months Simpson, Port Simpson (1) O/Neill, and I had the office at for three months. And from there I came up the Skeena then. And ... * the office at Simpson before Well, who was running then? ** My sister, Mrs. Boss, Mathie O/Neil 1. that there was a little Frenchman Montreal. What was his name? ** Koochoo Trombley. from ...Quebec, from He had it for a while. * Trombley, Yes, and before (??). Mr. Koochoo. And before I think he was the first operator that was Mr. there Mr. 17 * What was involved Minskinish? Describe in being an operator. shall we at the. your. what you did during the day or night and soforth. ** Well, for certain from the hours of the day, from whatever the hours, the morning I can/t remember now. from the hour in to the evening you had to be, where you could .. hear the key, if you had a call come in, station has a cal I, hasn't Hazelton was H. it. you know. And Minsklnish My sister at Port Simpson, Every was R.S. that call ~as F. 5, -S. Kitsilas Canyon was K. X. So we knew if we were called for anything, you see. We, then the office, that's one of the rules, the office was closed all day Sunday. * Only at Port Essington? ** Hmm? * Only at Port, only at Minskinish? ** Minskinish, * Other places were all ... ** All open, ........•all day long yes. * I guess you/d adapt to that, of course. ** I didn't care, oh yes. yeah. _ Twenty-four hours. ·r 18 * What, the, what, would you, would the messages go right through or would you have to relay messages? ** No, they/d go right through. on the, anything from Hazelton You could listen to them to Kispiox, there/s nothing ...at, to Kitsilas, or to Aberdeen, down there, and, or Hole-in-the-Wall ""t" or not KispIox, (?). Wiggs was.. You could hear .....,. everythIng that went over the line, you know. Because, they/d call. and you would stop to listen to see what was :;0 - being said, or you could hear everything There was no way of closing a ...yes. * _ --- that went on. From Hazelton. What years were that. that YOU were at MinsKinish? / 91J6 - /10 f ** Nineteen-hundred * Were those the years of the railway building? ** Yes. surveying. and six to nineteen-hundred Yes. and nine. They. there was no Prince Rupert to start with, you know, and ... * What would be the ...majority come across of the messages in those days? ** What were they. * Were they personal, or were they business ...? that would 19 ** Some, well some personal perhaps for the steamboat, ~ someplace for freight, and some business. you know. Perhaps Messages to call or ... * ** That was the, the, used to be the Tomlinson/s room. Right in the house. Yeah, they turned sitting it into a little office. * You lived at the Tomlinson/s? ** Yes, I lived right with * Were any of their family working the Tomlinson/s, yeah. the telegraph before that? ** Yes, operator the daughter, there. Mr. Graham. And she married for a while. Can you remember at all? She was the first the operator at Kitsilas, And from there they went down to ...I think they were at Aberdeen * Lily Tomlinson. Or newspapers Yes, I think they were at ... any, did you carry news out, on the, and things ** No. * Was there a newspapaper like that? at Port Essington that you ... 20 ** No, never at Port, I don't think there was ever a newspaper at Port Essington. There was one at ...oh, at Kispiox, but that I think was out in Hazelton there was one in Hazelton * that. I guess at the time, but I don't remember. Were ..------- you an operator at the time when the Mount Royal - sank? ** Yes. wrecked That, I went there in six and the Mount Royal was ... in seven. And Mrs., I went there in six, and that summer, Mrs., fal I, Mrs. Moberly, Annie Tomlins~n, went up to work for the doctor and Mrs. Wrinch at Hazelton. And Mr. -----------------------------------------and Mrs. Tomlinson were going over to New Metlikapla (??) then, and they wanted Annie Tomlinson, their daughter, to come back and look after the house while they were away, take over the village with one of the brothers. So she wanted a holiday before she left, so she got, came home, she'd been away the year, she came home and got ready and went down on the Mount Royal, and that's when it just wrecked in the canyon. left Minskinish. they? * Just about half and hour after it You know, it travelled so fast, don't Yeah. What do you remember- about hear-ing about you, the wires have something to say about it? it'? Wouldn"t 21 ** Oh, yes, the wires were full of reports of the, they could see bits coming down the river, you know. Something coming down, and the next thing I, was the boat had turned over and it was floating past the, the, office, the village. Well, I don/t know if I should call it a vIllage or not, there was just a few houses there. passengers, ----------- And, most of the well, several of them, quite a few of them, well, I guess they all got off of, to, but I think it was, was it four or six were drowned? forget now. Something like that, I I know Mr. O/Keefe the purser was drowned, and he/s an uncle to James K. Nesbit. Nesbit wasn/t born then, * Can we hold it just a second there? * Thank you. (Break in tape) Could you just start with about the, you went back to Port Simpson ...? ** After Minskinish, And, just wondering someone I went back to home, to Port Simpson. what I was going to do when, they wanted in the hospital, they were short of help there, I think the nurses graduating, and help them out. nowadays. I suppose wondered if I would just go up I would be like an aid So I did and I was there a couple of months when Dr. Kurgen came and asked 1£ I would stay on and train. And I did, I was there the three years, and every summer we went 22 to Port Essington Three summers one summer for the fishing, you know, we loved it. I was there. Two summers we went there, and I was sent up to the hospital at Stewart* to help them out there, they were opening up a new hospItal Dr. Kurgen and Dr. Richards. there, And I was there one summer, and after I finished training there, I down to Victoria and did private duty work there for years. * What was there at Stewart when you went up there? ** They were just opening a new hospital. * What was there, what was there at the place, though, Stewart? ** Hmm? * What was there at Stewart ** Well, the mine. itself? The mines were booming then, up around Stewart. * That would be before the First World War, I suppose, was it? ** 190f-/q/~ Oh, yes. Because that, nine to twelve, yes. after I went to Victoria on. Yeah. It wasn/t that the First World War, war was 23 * Then there, you remember Emily Carr coming up into that country at all? ** No, that would be after my time because I think it was in the twenties or thirteis the Skeena. Because four, because she died in ~forty-five, happened I don~t rem, oh that she came up I didn~t meet her until nineteen didn~t she. forty- I to be one who was called on from the registry to nurse her. something And I was with her I don~t know how, a week, like that. And, oh I~ll never forget that dear little thing in this room, the most severe was sls, her slster~s kindergarten, to, school. little ~OQm. It Her sister had a and Emily had moved in with in this great big school room that she had her pictures hanging in. And her ------------------------------------------------------ little bedroom was off of that, Just plain board wal Is, and she~d sit up at night and couldn~t the different little stories -- sleep, and she~d go over that she had written book, you know, about her trip down to California experience in her_ and that down there. And over in England, couldn~t the English over there. And then she, wanted to refer to something, stand she~d say, IIJust bring over my ... 11 she didn~t cal I it a desk, but you know what it was, her little desk? An orange box turned up on end, you know it has a little shelf in it? Everything That~s, that~s the kind of furniture so severe, you know, no comforts at all. she had. And 24 over her bed was a picture of Ira Dillworth. who got her books started wasn/t he. He/s the one Yeah. * Was this a photograph? ** Photograph, her. Wel I, he was a nut. ** Well it was the French teacher at the high school that yes. A photograph went and, and interviewed manuscripts Dillworth of me being so kind to (Break in tape.) Emily Carr, or read the, read her and then she referred, you know, wrote to about it. * You don/t remember her name? ** Oh, I can/t remember it. But old-timers in Victoria would, you know, yes. * Several people that were in on this, on this writing business ** from different Yes, well she was the one that really, well, that was the start of ~lly her manuscripts, * angles ... Carr/s books coming, because she read all you know. Did she have any animals? 25 ** Yes. Well, when I was there, she Just had a monkey and a, a chipmunk ~ I '-------------~ think it was, that's all she had when I was there. Was she up and around, or was she in bed a lot? ** No, she was in bed, well of course I was on night duty with her, but I don't think she could move around much in the daytime even. She had some little woman she used to come in and help her in the daytime, but I was Just with her ~ at nights. ~ * year? ** What time would this be, what time of the year, what What date would this be? That would be forty-five, forty-five. was it, yes. the fall of forty-nine, No, she died in forty-five. Forty-four. Forty-four, that I q t-f?f * And this was really her last illness. ** Yes, it was her last illness. a nursing home. From there she went into ------------------------- --------------- * Did she talk to you about her pictures ** Not so much about her pictures, she went down to San Francisco. at all? as now her life when The dIfferent experiec:es 26 she had there. And when she was over In, In London, the funny little things she. humourous. And, what was the other now. And meeting the ... * Up the Skeena. ** ... Indian. no, not up the. wel I yes, at Kitwanga when she was going into Kltwancool. She wanted to go in t~ere so badly and she went of course, the Anglican minister, Reverend Price. the He was so nasty with her, just horrid with ~ her. And she went and interviewed some of the Indians, I think, wel I I think she tells that in her book. and they took her in there. and she just loved it in there. were so nice to her. Yeah, she just loved it in there. Yes, well, she spoke of this girl she befriended, I think her plcture/s They you know, In her book, but the dlfferent ones she met like that, she was so fond of, of them, you know. * These ** Yes, yes. Indian girls? One especially, her name is, or pictures you don/t have to get what in the book. * Sophie? ** Yes. I think that was one. Yes. yes.