een of the Geneva Con-
the World filled the peoples of
tor i, © With great satisfaction
Me in arks a new and happy
tt wag; ttternational relations.
Who, ovfully received by all
to enligh tion, worked tirelessly

€n the latter and give

fon,

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T Peace Pression to its desire

’ icy ,
toy the *ace Movement feels this
bas for te deeply because it
he wordy ts Striven throughout
come, Pring this meeting
e eeoced that it would
ane Proof that the
Peace is through ne-
"ation and not Huon the
The .°f Positions of strength.

a crence fulfilled the
Ag €sire,

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refused to tolerate the cold war
any longer and was demanding
genuine negotiations. In fact pub-
lic opinion took part in the Gen-
eva discussions.

During these past few months
the peace movement's campaign

against the preparattions of atom-

ic war, and the cooperation of
forces for peace, which was the
outstanding feature of the Hel-
sinki Assembly, have greatly
helped to enlighten public opinon
and to provide it with an effective
form of expression.

The Geneva Conference marked
a great advance toward ending
the cold war and the erystalliza-
tion of the world into antagonis-
ic blocs.
ea spirit of mutual trust has
begun to take the place of uncer-
tainty and mistrust, as witness
the preamble to the directives is-
sued by the four heads of govern-
ment to their foreign ministers
for the conference in October.

— Professo. Joliot-Curie, president of the World Council of Peace, opening the World Peace Assembly

The Geneva spirit
key to world peace

_-—— By PROF. JOLIOT- CURIE

The Geneva spirit must prevade
discussions that will take place
then; and an atmosphere favor-
able to the settlement of interna-
tional differences has, been creat-
ed. -

We may, however, justifiably
consider that the tasks to be ac-
complished will not be easy.

At Geneva the heads of gov-
ernment reached agreement on
the general terms of reference of
the ministers of foreign affairs,
but the ministers’ conference will
have to find concrete solutions.

The same is true of the prob-
lem of disarmament, the exam-
ination \of which has been en-
trusted to the disarmament sub-
committee of the United Nations.

Further, certain questions of
extreme importance for world
peace, such as those relative to
Asia, China’s place and rights
and the banning of nuclear wea-
pons, could not be discussed at
Geneva. This indefiniteness and

the restricted agenda reflect an
extremely tense international
situation. One could not expect
the effecis of the evil past to be
wiped out instantaneouly, and it
is greatly to the credit of the
Geneva Conference that, in such
a dangerous situation, it succeed-
ed in marking an important turn-
ing point in the course of events.

lt cannot be denied that it was
the people’s will to peace in all
countries that made the confer-
ence possible. The positive re-
sults already obtained must give
a new siimulus to their action.

Ii would be dangerous frivolity
to think now that road will not
be strewn with obstacles by the
powerful forces that have an
interest in maintaining the cold

~ war-and by all who still nourish

the crusading spirit. Knowledge
of these difficulties demands in-
creasingly vigorous and consis-
tent action from the peace move-
ments,

The Geneva spirit, as it has
been called, is the spirit that cor-
responds to the desires of reason-
able men and women, who want
to live in peace and happiness.

All the national peace move-
ments that together make up the
great world peace movement are
active expressions of this spirit.
Now and in the coming months
they must, with increased energy,
enlighten public opinion and
shown the greatest vigilance in
laying bare each and every man-
oeuvre of those who may try to
prevent the forthcoming confer-
ence from being successful.

They must facilitate the task
of the negotiators, sincerely de-
termined to find solutions ac-
ceptable to all. They must make
known the points of agreement
already obtained, at big meet-
ing or assemblies of forces for
peace like that held at Helsinki,
on the solutions of the problems
on which world peace depends.

Public opinion is aware that
the tasks of the negotiators are
difficult and knows that it will
take time to overcome the diffi-
culties, but it would protest vigor-
ously if there were any retreat
from the positive results of Gen-
eva. It is profoundly convinced
that there can be no sincere justi-
fication for failure.

In short, the national move-
ments should take action to en-
sure that the will of the people
shall make itself strongly and
clearly felt when the next nego-
tiations take place.

Thus the national movements
and all those working for peace
have definite tasks to accomplish;
to enlighten public opinion and

_ be vigilant.

They must help publie opinion

DUTTON U CUE ML EME Oat fn nn |

MORAN mee

Y Dr EH. S BURHOP

iN; “orridor j
tection ~S Of the Palais des

i ™ Geneva are now de-
“or

t
inc ttists " Weeks thousands of
™ ludin ®m all over the world,
het gy € of the most im-
on discussie’ of our time, have
yume Beas Peaceful uses
‘ip °.0f hie, “2V€ gone. Anothe
: this history ey been watten
building,
SCUgs % Conference set out
ation, “uy the peaceful ap-
Sfully avis omic energy and
. mil}; anything relat-
tt thin tty questions.
hay 18 no «limits set for it
been ~oubt the conference
have , commous success.
Us helq cu. Sven and dis-
t Scions Wnich are of the
importance.
ntal physics of

the fission process, the basic pro-
cess on which all our immediate
ideas of atomic power are built,
and which is applied also in the
atom bomb, everything has been
revealed. ‘
Fundamental constants of ma-

_ture which yesterday were re-

garded by security -services as
secrets to be guarded zealously
at all cost have been revealed for
1! to learn about.

: The whole question of the de-
sign of nuclear reactors, whether
for power station or for experi-
mental purposes, including prob-
lems of economy, of safety, of
availability of material ‘have all

been discussed with great frank-

ness.
*
In this field, in future, the only
secrecy will come from commer-

cial rivalry. : ;
Many correspondents in Geneva
have revealed the growth of this

UU UO OOOO Ge Se Re te

to express itself so powerfully
that agreement is actually reach-
ed on the prohibition of nuclear
weapons and general disarma-
ment, the establishment of Euro-
pean security, the reunification
of a Germany guaranteed against
the revival of German militarism
and on an improvement in Easi-
West relations. Public opinion
should be enabled to express
itself with strength and clarity
on questions it rightly considers
to be of very great importance.

These questions are the aboli-
tion of nuclear weapons, the Ger-
man problem and the dangers
inherent in carrying through the
Paris Agreements, to which it is
essential to add the important
problems of Asia and the Far
East which are not mentioned
in the general terms of reference
of the foreign ministers.

All this demands that activities
undertaken, such as the signature
campaign for the Vienna Appeal
against nuclear weapons, should
not only continue but should be
intensified.

National peace movements
should demand with greater in-
sistence than ever the normaliza-
tion of relations between the
other states and China and the
entry of that great nation into
the United Nations. It is clear
that otherwise a reasonable and
lasting solution cannot be found
to the problems of Asia nor to
that of controlled world wide
disarmament.

The peace movement has al-
ways opposed the policy of mili-
tary blocs, and has always stress-
ed the need for cooperation be-
tween states. Action to achieve
collective security and disarma-
ment should be considered by
the national movements as of
prime importance, because there-
in lies the solution of most of
the problems enumerated. Col-
jective security can be achieved
through peace pacts open fo all
nations irrespective of their so-
cial system; it is the antithesis
of the policy of forming blocs
with its dangerous sequel of uni-
lateral military pacts; if puts an
end to the cold war.

Disarmament is a concrete
guarantee of security and the
wellbeing of mankind ean be
enormously advanced with the
aid of the resources thus freed.

The conference of the heads of
government of the Four Powers
has taken place, and was sue-
cessful. With renewed confi-
dence in* the effectiveness | of
their action, the people will de-
vote all their energy to ‘ensur-
ing victory in the next stage in
the struggle for peace. $

@ Text of a statement made

by Prof. Frederic JoliotCu-
rie,, Nobel prizewinner and
president of the World Coun-
cil of Peace. :

We HEE ENED E Ree EEnER

Umming up the scientific conference

type of rivalry between Great
Britain and the U.S. — a struggle
to gain the markets for atomic
materials and equipment through-
out the world.

On one topic, a vital one in
this connection, there seems to
have been some withholding of
information for reason of com-
mercial secrecy. This is the de-
sign of the fuel element required
for reactors.

The commercial interests they
will safeguard concern the future,
however, because at the moment

of suitably processed fuel for the
operation of reactors seems very
unclear.

Indeed this uncertainty in the
fuel supply position seems likely
to mean that it will be at least
several years before the under-
developed countries start to reap
benefits from nuclear power. ~

Progressively minded people in

the whole question of the supply . the hydrogen bombs.

countries that can produce the
fuel materials will need to be
vigilant to see that these coun-
tries are not the victims of a
new uranium imperialism, simi-
lar to the oil imperialism that
has largely determined the fu-
ture of large areas of the world
during the past half-century.
Many questions were asked at
a press conference about the con-
trolled use of fusion reactions for
producing power. These reactions
are the basic processes that oc-
cur in thermo-nuclear weapons,
But while it was clear~ that
work in this field was in progress
in many countries, nobody was
prepared to say much about it.
All expressed confidence that it
would one day be achieved, but
none could say when. “

Similarly, in the application of

the nadio-active ‘by-products of

the nuclear reactors in chemistry,

EN RENEN ELE NENEENEnE TRUE RHE
agriculture, genetics, and so on,.
discoveries of the greatest im-
portance were revealed.

The most significant thing one
could deduce from the scientific
content of the papers was that in
all countries, whether U.S. or
USSR, Great Britain or the West-
ern European countries, the same:
kind of problems ere being.
studied, the same kind of - con=
clusions being reached. =

The barriers of secrecy have
not prevented any of these .na-
tions from obtaining from -ma-
ture, by the efforts of its own
scientists, the information it
needed on basic scientific ques-

tions. :
*
To Western scientists the most

- astonishing revelation was the
tremendous strength and optim-

Continued on page 10
See CONFERENCE

PACIFIC TRIBUNE — SEPTEMBER 2, 1955 — PAGE 9

*