_ Jack

Page Ws The Herald. Wednerday, August 13, 1980

‘Study strips some mys

“moat . likely’: etcddinter™ the.” ‘an - tntereated eye on the’

A four year study of grizzly
beara in Jasper National
Park has stripped some of
the mystery from this
powerful predator.

A team of two Parks
Canada wardens, = a
Canadian Wildlife Service
biologist and hia helper
captured and tranquilized 18
grizzlies, measured their
molars, weighed and wat-
ched the day-to-day habits of
the animals in order to
displace myths with
scientific evidence. ‘“We
wanted to separate the fact
from the fiction about
grizzlies,” said Jasper
Warden Norm Woody who
was joined on the team by
National Parks Warden
Gord Anderson, biologist
Dick Russel and technician
Nolan.:

Besides gathering
scientific data, the team was
given the job of advising
national parks managers an
how to maintain viable bear
populations while
minimizing conflicts bet-
ween bears and the growing
number of visitors to the
Rocky. Mountain national |
parks ‘of Banff, Jasper,

Yoho, Waterton, Kootenay,
Glacier; and Mount
Revelstoke.

.The study area covered
1,626 kUometers. of Jasper
Park’s southeast corner.
Aireraft, radio collars. and -
other technical aids were

used to monitor seasonal

home: ranges, daily
movement, denning practice
and the feeding habits of the

grizzly, . ,

‘BY analyzing bear “Arop-.
pings the team. discovered
that roots of the Hedysaruni
was the most important food
of the Jasper grizsly. Hor-
setails,. grasses, berfles,
ants and carrion ranked
lower on the bear's menu.

Human garbage attracted

others and these rulers of the
Rocky Mouniain kingdom

were heavier than their °

wilderness cousins,

Solitary males travelled Me.
farther afield than females —
who practised a strategy of -

“active avoidance” while
their cubs were still
suckling.

usually cubs were on their

This inn is.
not a holiday —

MONTREAL (CP) — It
looks ‘like any other motel
room with its shag rug, color
television, attractive
decorations anda view of the

‘ swimming peal,

-But the door has been
taken off its hinges because
the room is one'of several in
a special wing at the Holiday
Inn La Seigneurie hotel near
-Montreal’s Dorval Airport.

The federal immigration
department uses the wing as
its main holding centre for
people it says may be trying
to get into Canada illegally.

You can tell when you've
reached the special wing —
there's a thick metal door,
painted orange to match the
tar pet} ‘and weverdl” im-

’ tiigration’ department

guards,

Officials say this “jail” is
about as lavish and free of
restrictions as they can

make it without abusing

public funds.
“We needed a place that
was central and where

‘people can be held in a fair

amount of comfort,” said
Gilles Patenaude of the
immigration department.

About 20 people a day are
held there and moat are out
within three days, he says.
Families live together and
there are usually no mdre
than two people to a room.

Detainees are confined to
their rooms — which have
doors removed for security
— except for meals and
visiting hours from 2 to 4 and
$to9 p.m,

A department official said
the centre costs between
$20,000 and $25,000 a month,
including rent, guards and
meals,

The centre is necessary,

‘Patenaude says, because
Montreal gets heavy im-

migration from’ its two in-

ternational airports, . its
seaport and the nearby U.S.
border.

Crities say that'no matter |

how: comfortable the
detention centre is, It is still
a place of confinement —

often for dublous reasons ——

for people who have dif-

ficulty.-exercising ‘the few |

rights they have.

Paul De Jean, a Hailian ~

community’ leader, says a
disproportionate number of
the detainees are Haitians.

On one recent weekend,’ 47

Haitians were taken to the

centre and held for up to
three days. Some were
released after finding

‘ aponvots. “Others . were

allowed’ to'' stay - ‘with
relatives or friends pending
determination..of their im-

‘migrant -status. Still others

were deported..

Immigration | official Eva
Ludvig said the 47 weekend
“guesta’ had arrived on a
Saturday flight and were
held for questionning when
officials were dissatisfied as
to how long they planned to
stay in Canada.

De Jean; co-ordinator, of
the Communaute Chretienne
des Haitiens de Montreal,
says hardly a week goes by
that his group isn't involved
in trying tofree visitors from
the centre. -:.

- De Jean says Montreal's
large Haitian population,’
estimated at 27,000 means
that a heavy flow of visitors

from the homeland is nor- .

mal, .

The detention ia ‘‘ex-
cessively cautious,” he says,
because the airlines serving
the country force. Haitians to
buy a return tleket before
letting them board flights for
Montreal. . .

Sun brightness

changes

WASHINGTON (AP) — A
U.S. space satellite has
detected small changes In
the brightness of the sun, and

_ selentists hope the discovery
will lead eventually to ac-
curate forecasts of climate
trends on earth.

The Solar Maximum
Satellite has recorded
fluctuations in solar energy
output of up to twotenths of
one per cent since it was
launched last February, the
National Aeronautica and
Space Administration said
Monday.

_ This corresponds to
changes of up to 19 degrees
Celsius in the sun's average
temperature of about 3,150
degrees. The shifts, lasting
from days to several months,
have been both above and
below the average mark:

An instrufnent in the
satellite measures a broad
range of solar-radiation that
falls on top of the earth's
atmosphere, and scientists

noted

on the ground use -this in-
‘formation to determine
changes in the sun’s output
of energy.

Dr. Richard Willson of
NASA’s Jet Propulsion
Laboratory in Pasadena,
Calif., said it is not known
what causes the fluctuations,
but that it might be related to
sunspot or solarflare ac-
tivity. This activity cur-
rently is at a peak in the i1-
year solar cycle.

Willson said detection of
even the slightest shift in the
amount of heat and energy
emitted by the sun is im-
portant because if a trend
were to continue for several
years, it might produce
major alterations in earth's
climate,

Scientists estimate that a
drop of only one per cent of
the sun’s output of radiation
would decrease earth's.
mean global temperature by
two degrees.

own from the’ ‘age of. two.”

years. The authors tended to

side with others who believe

the most dangerous grizzly is

‘the sow ‘with young. Male

adults, at the top of the

‘grizzlies social hierarchy, :

feel less threatened by en-
counters with humans.

’ ‘Pheresearchers found that
adult mates tended to occupy
‘the bottoms and lower s!opes

_of major, valleys while —
females and’ their - young
occupied the-‘rougher, -high -

terrain — probably to

minimize contacts with male’

bears. ‘The report recom-
nended that park managers
‘design hiking trails to avoid

areas where: hikers” would .

dangerous, combination af a-
female with cubs. They cited:

‘Jasper's South: Boundary -

hiking path as:d model of a.
well-designed trail.

- It was while on a ‘regular -
horseback patrol ‘during the

study period’ ‘that Woody’
found himself on the end of a -|

charging grizzly...

’ Shepherding three cubs-of-_

the-year, the mother‘scented -.
Woody \at 400: metres and...
began running: toward him:;*

Woody fired: warning shots:
but -she. ‘came on-at full |
charge. ‘There wag no’
choice but to kill her at three
metres. |

orphaned cuba’ welfare. ‘and,
‘though -. shy. ;“and" “wary

‘towards humans,” hey grew. -
“and four years after losing -
~ their mother: two. at least

~were still roaming aroind;.
they don’t know what hap-
~pened to the third cub.

Of the 24 bears who oc¢-
cupied the . study ‘area

‘(though the report deals with

more precisions with only 18
of them), eight died during
“the four ‘years . -they - were

- under observation. OF these, -
only one succumbed to

natural causes while seven

-died by human hands, In a
-"mén-dominated world, and

Team ‘members later Kept: given Ate: low ; rate a

- pepredustion, the gritty Is Isa

' . vulnerable: creature, . the
report. concludes: ”:

‘Té- the grizzly. doesn't die of
‘old age ‘or disease, hunters

_ waiting on’park boundaties,

poachers, trains, highway
vehicles or poison bait set for

other animals in adjacent
.provinclai lands, | will kill
them, ‘The mortality rate
‘for bears. ‘spending all or
most. of .their. lives ‘in a’
-national park is high,” the
‘team decided. =

.The report estimates the -
” grizzly population in Jasper
National Park is between 105 |.

and 125, In Banff the grizzly.
Population is between 65 and
5. a . a . wo :

The .grizzly ‘team. also
suggests in the report that a
garbagée-habituated bear is
unlikely to resettle upon

‘ reloaction to. wilderness

areas within the ‘park. ‘A
atrong homing sense ~ will

‘ actually take them back. to

campgrounds and garbage.

. Reloacting a bear. will
“probably increase: his, in-

ternal stress because of
being placed in a unfamiliar

terrain ‘where’ he ‘doesn’t
“Imow food sourees atid where

his status” among resident

“bears is in doubt.

‘Garbage-addicted bears
“find it impossible to break

_ the habit” and, .therefore,
, the best solution is for Parks

Canada to “remove. ‘the
temptation,”

‘f , bears ,

benefitting ‘

both bears and the public.

. After the study group
produced an interim report
‘recommending.
garbage - containers . -and
” transporting garbage from
Banff Park to.a Calgary

land-fill site. These save-the-
- bear measures have still to’

be implemented~in alk
mountain national park.”

' Other Parks Canada-.
financed studies. on the .

better.

belengured grizzly “are:also

being undertaken to reduce
imaulings * ‘and fatal en-
counters between man ‘and
the monarch of the, moun-
tains. _

Females, they -
found, bred every thirdyear
from the age of five and |

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