U.S. us
to stall

In ‘five months of talks abo

Chinese have made four conce

Above are Sreak deadlocks or ease the tal

shown members ‘of the peace committee set up
British and

by. American prisoners of war in Korean camps.

sions.
have still further reduced the
number: of prisoners they were
prepared to allow: to return—un-
til now, out of over 170,000 pris-
oners they agree to repatriate
only 70,000. This is less than two
in five, :

(The New York Herold Trib-
une On April 26 quoted Col.
George Hickman, U.S. delegate
at Panmunion, as telling cor-
respondents “we came up with
.a figure so low that they could
not accept it.”)

Exchange of war prisoners as
part of an armistice was placed on
the Korean truce agenda last July
at the insistence of the Koreans
and Chinese,

The Koreans and Chinese at the.

U.S. airmen admit
they dropped germ

bombs over Korea

ii American pilots held prisoner by the Chinese have ad-
d that they were specially trained for germ warfare and drop-

a aie bombs in Korea on the nights of January 6 and 10,
ng to Peking Radio. oo

broadcast on May 5: gave details of their statements and

one an open letter written by

het, S them—First/Lieut. Ken-
loyd Enoch (serial No.

Woteg

Chungwha, North Korea.”

Lieut. Enoch was one of four

of prisoners of war in Korea, the Koreans and

The Americans, however, have made no conces-
Instead, after each Korean concession they

Ap
Popo89988) of the Fifth U.S. Air
Eighth

Squadron.

ee oehis. 3
a ratio
i)

bombs i

tng St -Enoch’s

hinese forces

ol

Third Bombing Group,

S the first direct corrob-

Korea and North China.

open letter to
says, in part:
959" the night of January 6,

9400 hours on January 7,

airmen shot down in B26 No. 600
at Anju on January 18. Two
members of the crew were killed.
Enoch parachuted together with

Tom Amercan sources of] First Lieut. John Quin (serial | with the 1949 Geneva Convention
by nes of evidence accumulated | 17993A), tne pilot. Both were | on Prisoners of War, which the
Doma, CBinese on the use of germ | captured. Americans have signed.

Enoch has since declared that
he and ten other pilots and 15,
navigators attended a: secret lec-
ture'on germ warfare on August

: , a Saw no reason, if the Americans
“Pile . Hew with Capt. Amos, | 25, 1951. ;
As eae Sst. Tracey, gunner. Quinn says he attended lectures een 22 Aer stich mek
: “Ww, al We flew a B26 aircraft.|in the middle of December, He end’ 6f the anouth a
We 4 :
ang at fo off at 0300 hours, | dropped four germ bombs in the On December 18, both sides for-

southern part of Pyongyang on
north-,

outset proposed an over-all ex-
change of prisoners of war on
both sides, ;
This proposal is in conformity

When agreement on ag cease-
fire on the battle line was reached
last December,.the Koreans and
Chinese therefore stated that they

mally exchanged POW lists. The

January 4, and two in
eastern Kunuri on January he

The two officers say the use of

We dropped two germ
Wangju, North. Korea,
ed at 0500 hours,

‘ © reported to Group Intelli-

Korean list contained 11,559
names and the’ American list

Tetuy
ee n 132,474 names,

es germ bombs started in January.| But while the Koreans gave the
q ‘sia fon that we had drop- Strict rules were issued to refer | names of their prisoners in Eng-
. duds” (the name given | to the bombs as “duds” to keep lish, to help the task of identifi-

Americans to germ bombs
ty reasons) at Hwangju.
mite. night of January 19,
089 an in a B26, we took off
Dp Ours, and at 0410 we
: Cur germ bombs at

the knowledge of their use from
U.S. personnel as far as possible.

Lieut, Enoch is 27 and comes
from 18 South Osborn Street,
Youngstown, Ohio, Quinn, 29, is
from Pasadena, California,

cation, the American list was not
in Chinese and Korean charac-
ters, and it was therefore impos-
sible for-the Koreans ‘and Chinese
to identify the prisoners.

It was several weeks before the
Americans produced a list with
names in Korean and Chinese.
Before handing over their list
to the Koreans, the Americans
gave a list of the POWs they held
to the International Red Cross.
It contained over 170,000 names.
There was thus a discrepancy
of 40,000 names between the list
handed to the Koreans and the
list handed to the International
Red Cross. ‘ :
The Americans refused, declar-
40,000 names should be inchfded
on the list given to them. |
The Americans refused, declar-
ing that they had now reclassified
this 40,000 as “civilians,” though
still keeping them in the Koje

°viet scientists work
*ichange arid region

4b aiens MOSCOW
the ,.  2Mid the endless sands

Os. Vast
it Contras
f t

lem of water supply along the
entire canal route of some 620
miles, . :

The first fresh-water well was

completed last January. Several
more are now being sunk,

8eologists, topog-
Scientists, botanists

“ros 2te Working along the
an | . © of the main. Turk-
lang a2! Which will link the
yay Caspian Seas,
Oi, © itions
S, : are studying the
Ching fs NS aerial surveys,
Me ont builditig materials,
© routes of future
choosing the sites
ests,

y
metenia Part of the main
eth What Canal will pass

tt is now a waterless

ewe
mutbie Ses and the meagre
Can "plies of drinking
meet the néeds of
By he €xpeditions have

Takhia Tash, a new town for
the canal builders, is arising on
the Amu Darya River, where the
canal will begin,

Several hundred houses have
already been completed, and trees
have been planted along the
streets, A

Takhia Tash already has elec-
tricity, water mains, shops, a res-
taurant, a nursery, a telephone
exchange and a hotel,

New buildings for nurseries and
kindergartens are being erected in
Tashauz, Kazanjik, and on other

construction sites. Kindergartens
‘and schools are being built along

POW camps,
issue, :

Chinese cut through this diffi-
culty by proposing that the talks
should proceed on the basis of
the list already exchanged.

This was their first major con-
cession on prisoners.

ta
proposal that the Geneva Con-
vention be carried out, alleging
that the Koreans and Chinese

The talks deadlocked on this

On March 5, the Koreans and

That is, they agreed that the
question of the “missing” 40,-
000 should be left ofi one side.

The Americans had also at-
cked the Korean and Chinese

the route of the canal.

wanted to get the prisoners back

then. :

amazing effrontery, presented a
list of only 70,000 names, that is

their prisoners given to the Red

Record upholds char

e
tr
By ARTHUR CLEGG
LONDON

.

se

POW issue

uce talks

; LONDON

ut the exchange The “screening” of the 176,000 prisoners of
war in Korea in American hands took place in an

ssions either to atmosphere of fierce intimidation. While most
ks over hitches. prisoners resisted al] intimidation, this did not

list of 70,000

ensure that their na

mes were included on the
that the Americans were prepared

Prob ]
rove coming,
64 e
Joliot-Curie
tells Austen
PARIS
Professor Joliot-Curie, the at-
omic scientist, last week charged
the United States government
with waging “bacillus war” and
said that “fan impartial body of
religious, scientific and judicial
investigators’’ would shortly be
set up.
Formerly head of the French
atomic energy commission, Pro-
fessor Joliot-Curie is the presi-
dent of the World Peace Council.
His charges were contained in
a letter to Warren Austin, Ameri-
can representative to the United
Nations, who had written to Pro-
fessor Joliot-Curie charging him

with “indulging in propaganda
without investigating the facts.”

in order to put them’ into the
army once more.

The Koreans and Chinese
thereupon declared that all re-
turned prisoners on both sides
should be returned to peaceful
occupations, This was their sec-
ond concession,

Having ended these two Ameri-
can delays the way might have
seemed clear for a solution. But
the Americans were still unwill-
ing to agree.

On March 2i the Koreans
and Chinese went further.
They suggested that in the light
of their March 5 proposal the
lists of both sides should be
re-checked to see if there were
any inaccuracies or adjust-
ments to be made. This was
their third concession.

The Americans agreed and ex-
pressed the view that after re-
checking their lists some 116,000
prisoners would be repatriated, by
their side.

Four days later the Koreans
and Chinese made another con-
cession to the American view.
They agree@ that South Kor-
eans who had joined the Kor-
ean People’s Army and then
been captured by the Americans
should be allowed to choose
whether they wished to return
to their homes in South Korea
or be repatriated to North K
rea, ee

The lists on both sides were,
therefore, re-checked, and on
April 19 the truce negotiators met
to compare results,
The Koreans and Chinese pre-
sented a list of 12,000 names,
some hundreds more than the list
they had put forward in Decem-
ber. It scrupulously contained the
names of prisoners taken since

The Americans, however, with

100,000 less than the names of

Cross five months previous!

PACIFIC TRIBUNE — MAY 16, 1952 — PAGE 8

to allow to be repatriated,

During 1951 all the prisoners
‘of war in American hands were
imprisoned in Koje island in the
far south near Pusan. None: was
moved from these camps till last
month, when the “screening” had
been completed.

Who ran these Koje camps?

Finally responsible was the
“United Nations Command”

that is Genera Ridgway
Tokyo.

in

The camp commandant was an
American. Under him were Am-
erican guards and, by far the
greatest number, Syngman Rhee
guards—recruited from the Syng-
man Rhee prisons,

The London Times’ special cor-
respondent in Korea in an article
on October 25, 1950, described
their methods:

“Boopyang police, station, a
village post a few miles from
Seoul which flies the United Na-
tions and South Korean flags pro-

vides a rather dreadful example,”
he wrote,

“The crimes committed within
its walls are not the outcome of
bitter civil strife, of the persecut-
ed turning upon their tormentors,
but the accepted methods of the
South Korean Police sent from
Pusan to eradicate Communism.

“Tn: is a neat
word, like liquidation. In this
case it meant beatings with
rifle butts and bamboo sticks,
and the insertion of splinters —
under finger nails,

“During that morning a rifle
butt was shattered on the back
of one prisoner, and two women,
one suckling a baby, were also
interrogated.

“The scene described has been,
and is stil) being, repeated
throughout Korea.”

These police became the guards
of the Koje camps, who applied
their “accepted methods” to
prisoners of war -

On April 18 Alan Winnington,
London Daily Worker correspon-
dent in Korea, reported that he
had met Chinese agents of the
Americans who had been captur-
ed after being dropped behind the
Korean and Chinese. line. These
men were well acquainted with
conditions in the Koje camps.
“The POW ‘camps, they said,
are thick with trained Kuomin-
tang and Syngman Rhee agents
whose task is to starve, beat and
torture POWs into electing not
to return. aes
“They said that apart from
the publicly admitted massacre
in the American camps on Koje
island, many other POWs, had
been shot for demanding
enough food to eat.”

Screening took place in the at-
mosphere created by the Koje

\
.

\

‘ss

massacre,