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SOYUZ-13 COMPLETES MISSION

Toward U.S.-USSR program

After eight days of successful
flight during which scientific
experiments were conducted,
the USSR’s Soyuz-13 spacecraft
returned to earth on Dec. 26.
The main purposes of this flight
were to study the stars by
means of a system of telescopes
on board, a detailed study of the
farth’s surface and a_verifica-

tion and check on the craft’s
Systems.

Launching and orbiting proce-
dures abroad Soviet and Amer-
ican Spaceflights are basically
the same. However, unlike the
US. “splashdown” landings,

re-entry and braking.

In Soyuz-13’s case, a new re-.’:

entry team takes over at the
ight control center, specially
trained in the on-board units
and systems designed for land-
ing. The entire flight, including
€ precise landing spot in pre-
Programmed — in this case a
desert area in Kazakhstan. In
Preparation for re-entry the en-
gines are shut down over the
Atlantic Ocean on the ap-
Proaches to Africa and the ship

. «breaking proceeds
Soviet spacecraft are returned
to earth by a complex system of

is positioned to leave the earth’s
orbit.
Soyuz Landing

The next stage is the separa-
tion of the ship’s compartments
once the cosmonauts have trans-
ferred materials and equipment
to be returned to earth. The
entry vehicle moves into the
denser layers of the atmosphere
at cosmic speeds. Its breaking
path extends from Africa to
Kazakhstan during which time
the control system keeps the
craft’s heat shield facing forw-
ard to protect the crew from.the
tremendous heat build-up..

During the entire descent,
gradually
with the G-load not exceeding

‘three to four units. At the

height of seven kilometers the
parachute opens and, with the
assistance of soft-landing en-
gines, the craft settles to earth.
In the case of Soyuz-13 this was
completed during a snow storm
and high winds, a testimony to

the sophistication of the landing _

system.

' This was the second success-
ful Soviet mission in the past
three monihs and the USSR
stressed the scientific signific-
ance of this series which had

“confirmed that Soyuz could
tackle increasingly complex re-
search tasks.” This is taken as
an indication that work toward
the joint Soviet-United States
space flight scheduled for July
15, 1975 is proceeding on
schedule.
Mutual Aid in Space

The aim of the joint project is
to develop a mutual assistance
system for outer space. Special-
ists from both countries are
working on compatible link-up
and life-support systems. On
July 15, 1975 the spacecraft
Soyuz will be launched from the
USSR with two men aboard.
Seven and one-half hours later,
Apollo with three men aboard
will be launched from Cape Ca-
naveral to link up with Soyuz.
The two ships will orbit the
earth two days with visits be-
tween capsules, joint experi-

ments and eventual separation.

at which time the ship will
carry out the flight according to
their individual programs.

The U.S. program set a new
record for spacewalks on Dec.
25 with Skylab III’s crew out of
the capsule for seven hours.
They are half way through a
scheduled 85-day mission.

Communist Party or Uruguay

Two declarations have just

been received from the Com-
Munist Party of Uruguay, which,
along with the Socialist Party
and 12 other organization of the
left, including the Students’

€deration, had been banned by
decree on Nov. 28.

The first declaration, issued
€c. 5, states:

’ ignominious step, another state-
- ment of the regressive character
of the dictatorship, but also of.

“A new outrage, a further

its isolation and weakness: the
dictatorship has decreed the dis-

Solution of the Communist Par-

ty, the Socialist Party, and other
Orces of the left . . c

“The decree dissolving the
Communist Party, Socialist Par-
ty and other left groups hopes,
among other things, to distract
Public opinion from the real
Situation inside the country.”

The declaration points out

that the National debt has jump-

red up, that 40% of Uruguay’s’
pndeet is spent on “defence”,
: at inflation zoomed, and that
“the Cost of living has gone up by
© In the last. year.

Misery Growing

“The real fact is that salaries
do not even cover 50% of the
minimum needs of a working-
class family. Buying power is
rapidly declining, misery is
growing... .”

Listing actions by the people
in face of their worsening situa-
tion, the declaration states: “It
is to block all this that the Com-
munist Party is decreed dissolv-
ed. It is not,a new move. On the
contrary, it is an old one...
The reactionaries have used it
fo divide the people, to cover
up their calumnies .. . F

“The problems of our country
continue to grow, and the people
are demanding real solutions,
not anti-communism. We are the
flesh and blood of the working
class and people, their heart. No
one can force us out, either by
violence, or by intrigue, or by
provocations.

“We are real patriots, con-
tinuous fighters for the inviol-
able rights of our people. Half a
century of unquenchable fidelity
to the cause of the working
class and people has won us
this. From this comes our pride
as Communists. From this comes

: Uruguay has taken another step towards fascism, with the army
Ng the main force behind a brutal and oppressive reactionary

‘Sgime,

End fascist dictatorship

the love of workers for our
party...”
All for Unity

The declaration concludes by
calling for unity of all popular
forces against the fascist dicta-
torship.

“The Bordaberry dictatorship
and his military colleagues have
taken another step towards the
installation of a fascist govern-
ment, which each day looks
more and more like thé ‘gorilla’
model that oppressed Brazil,”
states the Communist Party’s
declaration of Dec. 8.

“The facts are: dissolution of
Parliament, abolition of public
liberties, particularly freedom of
press and assembly, imprison-
ment of political and trade union
leaders under the pretense of
halting all ‘biased’ political ac-
tivities, banning of the CNT
(National Confederation of Lab-
or) with attacks. on workers’
rights and demands, interven-
tion in the university, govern-
ment by decree, uncontrolled
use of public funds and the di-
rection of the national economy,
etc. And now the decree ‘dis-
solving’ the Communist Party,
Socialist Party, the Students’

Federation and other left

‘groups .

“This is what Hitler and Mus-
solini did. This is what the most
corrupt and retrogressive Latin
American dictatorship have
done . . . Where are Hitler and
company now? And where is
Marxism, ideology of the work-
ing class and inspiration of the
great socialist and national liber-
ation revolutions that have
triumphed in our area. . .”

Six-Point Program

The Communist declaration
calls for the ‘broadest unity
of the working class and people

| around the six-point program of

the Broad Front, including the
restoration of all political, trade
union and democratic liberties,
freedom for all political prison-
ers, salary increases and econo-
mic and social reforms.

“Through the people, united,
freedom will emerge and Urug-
uay will see itself liberated from
dictatorship.”

Commander of Soyuz-13, Piotr Klimuk (left) and Flight Engineer,
Valentin. Lebedev, both 31 years of age, at the space museum before
their successful flight on December 18.

Ireland’s Communists are call-
ing for a consultative confer-
ence of all those committed to
Irish self-determination and the
unity of its people, Protestant
and Catholic, in reply to the
Council of Ireland announce-
ment.

The Communist Party of Ire-
land’s national political commit-
tee calls for a conference to
work out a joint policy in the
new conditions of the struggle
against British imperialism.

“Under the pressure of mili-
tant struggle for democracy in
Northern Ireland the British
government, realizing that it
could no longer rule there
through the Unionist Party as it
has been doing for the last half
century, has been forced to
create a new form—the Council
of Ireland,” the Party says.

“This 1973 strategem is no
more a solution of the Irish
question than was the Act of

Union 1801, when it integrated.

Ireland into Britain, or the An-
glo-Irish treaty of 1920, which
gave a degree of political inde-
pendence to the major -portion
of the country but which pre-
vented the future development
of independence by partitioning
the country.
Donation

“As it was with the ‘Union’
and ‘partition,’ so it is now with
the ‘Council’ — a structure de-
signed to continue British impe-
rialism’s domination over the
whole island.

“There is little point in argu-
ing as to who conceded what to
each other in relation to the ne-
gotiating between Dublin and
Belfast—the significant thing is
that the British government
conceded nothing and it still
maintains dominance in Ireland.

“The British government
seeks ‘to camouflage this by ag-
reeing that the membership of
the Council of Ireland ‘would be
confined to the representatives
of the two. parts of Ireland,’
thereby trying to give the im-
pression that it is disinterested
in its role as ‘peacemaker.’

‘Obnoxious’

“Whilst it will not ostensibly
participate in the council, the
Sunningdale agreement laid
down that there must be ‘ap-
propriative safeguards for tho

British Government’s financial
and other interests’ (paragraph
7) ‘and that it is accepted that
it would be legitimate for Bri-
tain to safeguard, in an approp-
riate way, their financial in-
volvement in Northern Ireland.’
(paragraph 8).

“Since it financially owns
Northern Ireland and is the main
foreign investor in the ‘Repub-
lic,’ these sections of the agree-
ment mean that, far from de-
taching itself, the British Gov-
ernment has entrenched its posi-
tion in this island as a whole.

“One of the most obnoxious
features of the agreement is the
section dealing with ‘law and
order.’

“It is sufficiently precise in
Stating, in paragraph ten, ‘that
the British and Irish govern-
ments would jointly set up a
commission to consider all the
proposals put forward at the
conference and recommend as
a matter of extreme urgency the
most effective'means of dealing
with those who commit these
(political) crimes.’

“However, it is silent on the
question which that section
raises—will Irishmen be tried in
courts presided over by British-
appointed judges sitting on the
same bench as Irish judges? Will

‘ the same court try the British

soldiers who were indicted for
‘sheer unadulterated murder’ on
Derry’s bloody Sunday?

‘Not Violence’

“The new situation arising
from this agreement, which was
fixed, as admitted, in the con-
text of the Common Market,
calls for a new political think-
ing and co-ordinated action by
all those committed to Irish self-

determination and the unity of

its people, both Protestant and
Catholic.

“Clear political action, not

violence, is what is demanded
now. :
“The Communist Party: of Ire-
land is prepared to convene a
consultative conference of all
such forces — Socialist, trade
unionists, republicans—in order
that an agreed strategy be
worked out to meet the new
Situation in the struggle against
British imperialism,” the state-
ment ends.

PACIFIC TRIBUNE—FRIDAY, JANUARY 4, 1974—PAGE 9