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‘Who me?’
Liberal
| hopefuls
' asking

: TORONTO (CP) - Heads shaking
: In aggrieved ‘bewilderment, the

; 3 Liberal leadership opponents of
? Economic Development Minister
: Donald Johnston wondered Monday
: who he was talking about when he

: accused candidates . of spouting
“vapid generalities.’*

3 Leading the chorus of “Who, me?”
48 8 xX Of the seven contenders en-
tered a fund-raising dinner for the

Ontario Liberal party was Indian
Allaire Minister John Munro.

‘¢ “I think it’s a campaign tactic by
‘4some of his advisers to sort of put the
“rest on the defensive,” Munro told
“reporters.

: "Dye been very full in policy
“positions and I'm. very much
identified in terms of the posture T
“wish to take. I guess I have the
feeling that he must be referring to
“everyone but myself.”

*~ Johnston challenged the other
“eandidates Sunday at a policy
“debate in Halifax.to stop “spouting
vapid generalities” and start ex-
<plaining policies they intend to
follow if they succeed Prime
“Minister Trudeau at the June
“leadership convention,

He said Monday he doesn't known
if the comment will trigger a more
“belligerent campaign, but ‘I don't
“think it had much effect (Sunday).
. “Let's wait and see. I think that alk
‘the Liberals in the country are very
,aniious to discuss issues. We're
“charting a course for a decade and I
:think people want to know where
“they’ re going.

: “We simply need more than
“tinging phrases and words to aaticly
“the Canadian people that we're the

best choice.”

.. Sohn Turner, former finance

“minister shown in most early sur-

:veys and polls to be ahead in support

‘of committed delegates willing to

creveal their choice, brushed off

‘suggestions the Halifax exchange

“might add come personal bitterness

ste the campaign.

~ Turner said he has made his

‘positions clear on a number of social

“issues and did not have time bet-

ween courses at dinner to engage in

“an in-depth discussion of economic

._policies,

am keeping to that high road, "he
said Sunday.

Energy Minister Jean Chretien,
generally shown in polls to be
running second, had a previous
commitment and did not attend th
dinner,

Employment Minister John
% = Roberts shrugged off Johnaton’s
» remarks as the attempt by a dark-
‘choree candidate ‘‘to get media at-
‘tention, and that probably Buc-
"ceeded,

2 “Certainly, the impact on the
E = delegates was very negative so I

% doubt that any of the other can-
= didates will be tempted to follow that
= kind of approach.

Oe re rs ee a reg

2, The Hera The Herald, Tuesday wey §, 1984

Canadian nuclear exports:

’ “I fight Tories, not Liberals, and I

Dangerous. proliferation. or. .
just good business deals?

OTTAWA (CP) — The fabulous
uranium ‘riches “of northern
Saskatchewan have allowed Canada

‘to become the world’s chief Supplier
of the controversial mineral that
helps keep the lights burning and
ane day might shut them all off,

To some, Canadian nuclear ex-
ports contribute to.the spread of
nuclear weapons. To others, they
are a mark of Canadian high-
technology expertise backed by
some of the world’ 's toughest export
controls,

The critics contend | that: while.
Prime Minister’ Trudeau’ was .

promoting peace and disarmament
this winter, Canadian uranium was

being used in Soviet and’ ‘Possibly

US. nuclear arsenals. ©../:
Up to the year 2000, Canada has

firm contracts to “export 100,500 ;

tonnes of uranium. ’- .
Canadian-built reactors i are in use

er being built in India, Pakistan, -

Argentina, South Korea, , Taiwan and
Romania,

Dick Williams, a urabtien adviser
in the Energy Department, says
Canada’ has been neck-and-neck
with South Africa and the United
States as the world’s chief uranium
exporters, but should jump into first
place this year as U.S. production

slips, South African production —

stabilizes and new Canadian mines
come into full production, backed by
the Key Lake mine in northern.
Saskatchewan, the world's richest
uranium mine.

In 1982, the last year for which. -

‘figures are available, Canada ex-
ported 7,818 tonnes of uranium to 10
countries — Belgium, Finland, Italy,
Japan, South Korea, Spain, Sweden,
Britain, the United States and West
Germany.

Sales of nuclear material or
nuclear technology can only be
made, officials say, after Canada
has concluded a nuclear co-
operation agreement with the im-
porting country. The agreements
are reviewed by cabinet ministers
representing the departments of
External Affairs, International
Trade, and Energy, Mines and
Resources.

The government demands that
customers sign the Non-

Proliferation Treaty and agree to
full-scale inspections by the Geneva-
based International Atomic Energy
Agency.
CAN OPT OUT

Because countries can opt out of
the treaty on. 90 days notice also
requires customers to agree .to
negotiate new arrangements so
Canadian facilities and Canadian

uranium will not be used for military
purposes.
As well, Canada demands

assurances that its exports will not

supplies will not be resold without
permission or that spent fuel will. riot
be reprocessed to -extract “the

__ plutonium from it.: Plutonium : ‘and
‘. highly enriched’ uranium are’ ae
makings of nuclear wartieads, Pe)
. - They’ are. very good. pleces. ‘of
‘paper. There are few better,” says’

Norm Rubin of Energy Probe in
Toronto,’ a vocal nuclear critic,
“The only.

decisions. If someone wants the
bemb, and they’ve signed a treaty
they have the right to get out of in 90

- days, you're not going to stop them.”

George Ignatieff, chancellor of the
University of Toronto and a former
disarmament. ambassador and
ambassador to the United Nations,
says it is not surprising Canada has
set such stringent restrictions.

India staged what it called a
“peaceful nuclear explosion’’ using
Plutonium produced in a Candu
reactor.

Canada then cut India off, after
supplying two power reactors and a
research reactor.

‘Pakistan, the recipient of another
Candu, refused to go along with the
tougher safeguards Canada tried to
enforce after the Indian explosion

and was likewise cut off in 1974, .

Pakistan is belleved to have nuclear
weapons capabilities, .
REFUSES TO SIGN - . oe
Argentina also has. a Candu
reactor but refuses to sign the treaty
and accept agency inspection.
Canada has consequently met the
terms of its contract with Argentina
but will not make any more deals.
Argentina is also believed to have.

‘problem - with’
'-° safeguards is that they have ndthing ©,
i+ to do with the way people make -

- be used for weapons, that Canadian .

“all the hurdles ‘are knocked flat by

the capacity to ‘tun aul clear “ fo - ;

weapons,

Stanley Ing, a research’ ‘ivoctate.
in York: University’s Strategic |
Studies Program and a supporter of -
continuing nuclear exports,’ gays
Canadian safeguards are more than
adequate, but there are too many -

suppliers anxious to sell nuclear

hardware,

At- least Canada can. require”
controls if it remains in the market,
he gaya, |

Ing says. there is ‘not a ‘damn

thing” anyone'can do.to prevent a”

country from bullding’a weapon if it

wants to. Limiting “Canadian ex: -

ports, he says, might only delay the a

process...

But,, says] Rubin, “the entire notion
‘that-you can prevent the misuse of a.
technology by spreading jt around
the: world belongs ina lunatic
asylum.”

Civilian, and milltary uses of the
atom are'so closely intertwined that |

a civilian nuclear program,” he
says..,

. If a coutry wants plutonium to :
build nuclear weapons, Rubin says

the Candu is the best reactor, and
that-too is not accidental. He says
the Candu, which uses non-enriched
uranium, was designed from a
prototype used ta produce material
for U.S, atomic bombs during the
Second: World War. In fact,- until
-1965, Canada exported uranium to .
ithe ‘United States .and Britain for
nuclear warheads. ,

. Rubin says the fitimecy between
clvillan and military uses of nuclear
‘energy can be seen in the enrich-
_ment of nuclear material, which is
how Canadian uranium can still find
its way into warheads,

HAVE WARHEADS :

Other than the Netherlands, every
country with enrichment plants has
nuclear weapons. The. Non-
Proliferation Treaty . requirement
for inspection of nuclear facilities
does not apply to the five nuclear_
pawers — the United States, the
Soviet Union, Britain, France and
‘China.

_ Mother of dead baby looking

«for justice -f

TORONTO (CP) — Norma
Lombardo has spent her spring
vacation watching __ televised

hearings of a royal commission
probing 26 baby deaths at Toronto’s
Hospital for Sick Children, hoping to
learn how her daughter, ‘Stephanie,
died. .
“It’s been very difficult,” Lom-
bardo, a Toronto community ser-
vices worker, said in an interview
after her husband, Dominic,
testified before the commiasion
Monday. —.

The couple have watched most of
the proceedings on television rather
than sit in the hearing room because
ithas been “less stressful,’’ she said.

Until the hearings began last
June, the Lombardos didn't know
their child’s death was one of
several suspected to have been
caused by digoxin poisoning. .

They now are convinced Stephanie
died from an overdose of the potent
heart drug. Although she was not.
prescribed digoxin, traces of the
drug were found in her body, which
was exhumed 13 months after her
death.

Despite a recent Ontario Court of
Appeal ruling prohibiting com-.
mission head Mr. Justlee Samuel
Grange from naming anyone he
suspects of killing the babies, the
Lombards said the hearings have
“made things a lot clearer for us.

“We are disappointed because we

Tso ohh hep aagialla

would like whoever is responsible
for this to be brought to justice,”
said Dominic Pombardo, a
photographer. , an
WANT JUSTICE .

“T want justice, not for my own
sake, but for the parents of ail the
children,” he said. “Apparently this
person — whoever was doing this —
needs help.”

Lombardo . said his testimony
Monday, along with that of two other
parents whose ‘infants died under
suspicious circumstances, was a
chance to have a say.

As the first phase of the inquiry
into the baby deaths draws to a
close, Heather Dawson of Sudbury,
Ont., told the commission Monday
that when her daughter, Amber,
died suddenly in July 198), she
suspected someone had made an
error in administering digoxin and
called for an independent autopsy.

Dawson said she was- “shocked

rom conimission ~

and angry’ in March 1992: when she .

discovered the coroner had not

tested the baby’s digoxin levels.
After her testimony, Dawson sald

she thought she was the only one who

. had suspicions about her daughter’ 8

death at the time, -

“But I've learned during this (the ~

inquiry) that I wasn't the-only one
shocked by her death and that the
nurses were very concerned,” she
said. “Ethically, I realize from a
professional: point = of views they

Wabasis

couldn't really relate that shock to
me then.”
'NAME’ IMPORTANT

Dawson said she was taken by
surprise when she learned Grange
couldn’t “name names," and sald

_it’s important “for parents to ‘mow

who-did it.”

June Hines, mother of Jordan
Hines, said after her testimony that
hospital officials believe her. son’s
death in March 1981 was caused by~
sudden infant death syndrome.”

However, exhumed tissue samples
examined by medical investigators
at the Atlanta Centres for Disease
Control showed that her son's body
contained high levels of digoxin,
even though he was _ never
prescribed the drag.

“No one in this inquiry has been.
able to successfully challenge this
report,” said Adrian Hines, the
baby’s father. We are finally
getting some answers.”

Hines declined to say whether. he
believes hia son was murdered; he

‘told reporters he is leaving it up to

the commission to decide how the

babies died.

- June Hines sighed heavily as she
listened to Dominic. Lombardo
testifying about his difficulty in
getting answers from the hospital

. about his daughter’s death.

“It’s been really hard,” she said.
“But the information is = Analy a

; relief.” ”

| | (oom THAT HAVE
JOUR ATIENTION AGAIN

Ups and downs.
of mortgage rates
and housing starts

their housing forecasts for 1984 and
now expect actual starts to be close
to the 162,645 starts recorded in 1983.

Intereat rates continued to cast a
dismal shadow over the economy
Monday as another chartered bank
announced an increase in its mor-
tgage rates, and a report on April
housing staris showed the second
straight monthly decline. :

Toronto Dominion Bank became
the second Canadian chartered bank
to raise its mortgage rates following
the previous week’s increase in the
Bank of Canada rate to its highest
level in 18 months.

Following amove by Bankof Nova |

Scotiav.on Friday, TD, Canada's

«1 jnedifth-lesgest chartered-bank,saidits +
+ residential -mortgage.rates:-for one-' »

two-four-and five-year terms have
risen a quarter of a percentage point
while its three-year rate goes up half
& point.

- "Phat brings the bank’ 'S one-year
rate to 12 per cent while two-year
becomes 12.75 per cent, three-year

' 13.5, four-year 13,75 and five-year 14

per ‘cent.

Rates at TD and Scotiabank are
the highest among Canada’s major
financial institutions.

Although the chartered banks
have been holding steady at 11.6 per
cent on the prime lending rate at

which they lend to their best cor-
porate customers, it’s expected that’
‘most ° financial institutions will

match this latest series of mortgage
rate increases,

‘That doesn't bode. well for the
residential construction business,
Canada Mortgage and Housing
Corp. reported Monday that housing
Starts fell for the second straight
month in April, reflecting un-
certainty over interest rates.

The federal agency said starts
dropped to.a seasonally-adjusted
annual rate of 126,000 last month,
down from the March rale of 131,000
and February's 153,000.

“I'm getting a little. bit worried

because the interest-rate direction’

during the last two weeks -is not
helping,” said Tony Stukel, ‘CMHC
director of statistics;

' Stukel said. many experts have

trimmed a few thousand starts from

Meanwhile, in the House -of
Commons, Finance Minister Marc
Lalonde = dismissed Friday's
predictions of high interest rates by
influential Wall Street economist
Henry Kaufman as a speculative
view not shared by most other
economists.

Lalonde said he respects the chief
economist for the New York In-
vestment firm of Salomon Brothers

Inc., but does not agi'es ‘that. interest
“nates will nove: “epectituldrly
“higher” ‘bythe end of 1985) 4

FIGURES GLOOMY | uo
Statistics Canada figures “ald

’ nothing to cheer the outlook in the

capital, :

The government agency sald
unemployment will probably not be
substantially reduced in the first.
half of 1984, adding that employment
growth in the first quarter slackened
fo 0.2 per cent, with most of the In-
crease taking place in Quebec.

In Western Canada, particularly
British Columbia which was hit with
labor disputes in February and
March, employment has declined.

StatsCan said inflation was up in
the first quarter, due primarily to
higher prices for food, but there was
no matching increase in wages. -

In another development, Burns
Fry Ltd. af Toronto, the fifth-largest

. brokerage firm in Canada, said it

has reached an agreement in
principle to buy Montreal-based
Jones Heward and Co. Ltd. for an
Undisclosed price.

-The deal is subject to regulatary
approvals and is expected to be
closed later this month, said ‘Burns
president Jack Lawrence. .

Burns has 050 employees a across
the country and a capital base of $45

. Million, while Jones Heward js

considerably smaller with 150
employees and capital of $2 million.

D. K. Johnson, executive’ vice-
president at Burns Fry, said there

‘ would be layoffs but It was too early

to-tell how many.

CO ne Rar

Br ieee

rate eS

tO Oa

wht,

TRY HIGH-TECH

TT RTT EOTSPPTIPeCTT RTI Tee tear Pees

es

FRANKFURT, West Germany (AP) ~ Although
: economic growth is finally gaining steam in most of
x Western Europe after five years of recession,
Z millions of workers remain jobless without any real
“ prospect of getting off the dole in 1964.

In the 10-nation European Economic Community, _
or Common Market, 12.9 million workers were .
unemployed in January. The jobless rate in Europe —

, isexpected toremain at 11 per cent for 1984, despite
economic growth forecagt as high as three per cent
in West Germany and 2.5 per cent in Britain. :

The Aspen Institute — a U.S, think tank — and
European researchers last December published a
survey of the job altuation in the industrial West.
The conclusion was depressing.

Without new job strategies to take advantage of
untapped human potential, the report sald,
“Western democracy itself will be threatened."

The Common Market has taken a step toward
closing the ‘technology gap" by approving a $1.3-
billion program for research and development of
microprocessing industries. Such countries as West
Germany have earmarked huge subsidies for high-
tech industries that can yield thousands of new jobs.

But progress in rolling back unemployment will
not come overnight in a culturally diverse region
whose work force is largely immobile and whose
economy, hag relied too heavily on auch declining

Researchers say democracy itself is threatened —

building.

1981,

unemployment rates

Joblessness and threatened cutbacks have stirred
periodic unrest:

— Frustration among Inner city youths aver high |
triggered riots in Londen, |
Liverpool and other British cities in the summer of

-— French steelworkers fought with police
recently in Longwe, eastern France, to protest the ;
government’s decision to cut 25,000 jobs from the

_ State-owned ateel industry.

— Britain's coal miners’. union closed two-thltds . -

of the country’s 176 pits this spring to protest

massive job cuts in the money-losing industry,

— West German shipyard workers occupied
docks last September in Hamburg and Bremen to .
protest plans to trim almost 4,000 jobs. The workers - .

backed down when management threatened to fire

year,

all the atrikers,

CITIES DECAY .
Economic decay and urban blight are most ob-
vious in cities of traditional heavy industry. :
In Dulaburg, @ grimy steel town of 558,000 people ~
in the heart of West Germany’s Ruhr region,
unemployment stands at 16.2 per cent and the
municipal budget had a $$¢-million shortfall this

Kindergartens have been closed, city. ad-.
ministrative jobs slashed 10 per cent, and the school :
lunch program cancelled, said a “elty spokesman.

Duisburg Mayor Josef Krings: has travelled as far
as China to solicit orders for local atee] mills, but his.
economic forecast for the city is gloomy. .

h “Young people have no chance and the elderly no

ope,” Krings said
ITALY HURT.

In Italy, the jobless rate hovers around 10 per cent

of the 21-million-strong labor force.

in Genoa,: once Italy’s leading port on the.
Mediterranean, the waterfront is now desolate, ‘its .
cargo cranes andrallways inactive. Analysts biame
high: ‘Tabor costa: and poor’

outdated technology, bi
_ planning.

In contrast, production ip ‘booming at the Fiat
plant in Turin, where automation has kept the car
. industry healthy, though at a. cost of 40,000 jobs,

“The European ecénomic landscape {s not totally |
_ bleak — Switzerland's. minuscile  0.9-per-cent
jobless rate is the envy of the capitalist world. ‘But
the long recession has been Sevestating in many

countries.

Unemployment has hovered at 17 per cent.In the
Netherlands. The Paris-based Organization. for
Economic Co-cperation. and Development projects

Recession in Western Europe: adding up the human toll.

“smokestack” industries ag steel, coal and ship-

German labo
not find a job, virt
“underclass.”

Sociologists sa

produced victim
them jobless

A study by

- 91884 unemployment rate of 15 per cent for Belgium.
and 16.25 per cent for Ireland. ,
In West Germany,
high of 25 million
fanuary, but it has since declined to 9,
“Economists calculate that a three: per cant
' _ economic growth rate would put 200 ,000 people back
: to work this year In West Germany.
Trade wien leaders
work week without an cuts in
- hour reduction ‘in the rook aes a five.
* million people -Jobs~ over’ several | years. But
_ Management says the plan would boost labor costa
a prohibitive 14 per cent aiid derail West Germany’ 5
revival before it goes into high gear, ..
About 800,000 youths will pour into the West
bor narket this year and thousands will’

workers,

y the West German srecession
me at ey Poverty’ — most: of
e-aged workers who bought
homes in the booming 1960s, b:
mortaaee raymeni ul now cannot keep up .
Weat German Trade Uni
Federation saya between 1.6 million and io million
Jobless people in the country did not qualify for
unemployment benefits last year,

unemployment hit a postwar
or 10,2 per cent, in

are. demanding a 38-hour
work week would give -1.4

ually dooming them to a life in the

winsitditiai