SPLITS, DEMONSTRATIONS, CHANGES What lies behind the By V. VASILYEVE China is now living under the impression of the events which took place on Tien An Men Square of Peking a few days ago. The demonstrations held for sev- eral days in connection with the traditional remembrance day de- veloped into a spontaneous mass action of the Chinese capital’s citizens against the Maoist regime and its policies. Later it became known that Teng Hsiao-ping had been re- moved from all of his posts. The two occurrences are directly in- terconnected. They have resulted from the recent aggravation of the internal political struggle which was linked this time with the campaign directed against the so-called capitalist roaders inside the party. Developments were fast- moving. On March 31 the first representatives of Peking fac- tories and government institu- tions moved towards the Re- volutionary Heroes’ monument. The authorities felt ill at ease to see that the people carried only Chou En-lai’s portraits. The in- scriptions on many of the wreaths laid at the monument read: ‘‘Our dear premier Chou En-lai will live forever in our hearts’’. DIRECT CHALLENGE It is useful to recall that it is very common to use various his- torical and literary allusions in the internal political struggle going on in China today. The Maoists considered this sweeping tribute to the memory of Chou En-lai not only a tradi- tional paying of respect to the de- ceased, but also a direct challenge to the political campaign carried out by them. In the subsequent days the number of those coming to Tien An Men Square kept swiftly growing. People living in various areas of the Chinese capital-and school children started spontane- ously joining the organized col- umns. Slogans and leaflets con- demning the struggle against the “‘capitalist roaders’’ were dis- seminated among them. . At.a time when the official propaganda organs were assidu- ously explaining Mao Tse-tung’s most recent instruction on the need of ‘‘exposing and criticizing the revisionist line of the unwilling-to-reform-intra-party capitalist roaders’’, of criticiz- ing the ‘‘theory of productive forces’’, and of. bringing to the fore class struggle,: directly opposite calls rang on Tien An Men Square. LEAFLETS APPEAR The people said that the cam- paign against Teng Hsiao-ping and all those on whom. the Maoists were trying to don the cap of ‘‘capitalist roaders”’ actu- ally meant the struggle against the very idea of the need of accelerat- ing China’s economic develop- ment and of improving the people’s living conditions on this recent events in China?| basis. There appeared leaflets stating that the current campaign was inspired by a handful of people from Mao’s closest re- tinue, with his wife Chiang Ching at the head. ““We shall defend our dear premier to the end (!) shouted the demonstrators. There appeared inscriptions on the wreaths: ‘‘We shall fulfill the behests of premier Chou En-lai, proclaimed at the ‘| fourth session of the National People’s Congress, we shall carry out four modernizations!”’ WREATHS REMOVED That was a direct support of the policy towards the modernization of industry, agriculture, defence, and science, advanced by Chou En-lai. The attempts to give this policy a definite meaning are now imputed to Teng Hsiao-ping and others from the party and administration. On the night of April 4 the Maoists removed all the wreaths from the square. The people who came on Tien An Men Square the next moming saw that the monu- ment was sealed off by a wall of volunteers. armed with clubs. A large consignment of police as well as army units were con- centrated in the streets and boulevards adjoining the square. The crowd was growing rapidly. Thousands of people broke through the lines of policemen and volunteers who were trying to bar the way to the square. The Peking inhabitants de- manded that the wreaths be laid back to the monument. Some of them ascended the stairs of the National People’s Congress’ building. But the Maoist au- thorities did not want to listen to the people. According to eye witnesses, and demonstrators, there were China’s UN vote on apartheid is ‘disgraceful’ China’s refusal to censure. South Africa in the UN last week once again showed the disgrace- ful path being traveled by Maoism. The Maoist group tried to cover up the fact that it was in alliance with imperialism and apartheid by simply not voting 5n the condemnatory resolution aimed at South Africa. But the non-vote couldn’t cover the fact that it was the same vote as that cast by U.S. imperialism (absten- tion). The Maoist actions show that they have abandoned even the pretext of working class inter- nationalism. That is a sad fact not only for the liberation forces around the world but for the Chinese people themselves. For they, like all working people need this solidarity in the fight for a better life and against. im- perialism. The Maoist vote there- fore was not only pro-imperialist, it was also anti-Chinese. — Editorial, U.S. Daily World. PACIFIC TRIBUNE—APRIL 23, 1976—Page 6 CHOU EN-LAI clashes between those who shouted the slogans-in support of attacks on Teng Hsiao-ping and those who urged to uphold the behests of Chou En-lai and to support the policy of Teng Hsiao-ping towards moderniza- tion. Anti-Maoist slogans rang over the square. By instruction of the Maoist au- thorities, large forces of police and volunteers were thrown against Peking’s inhabitants. By clubs and fists they dispersed the gathering, cleared the square, and surrounded it with police and army cordons. Many marchers were arrested. The Maoist lead- ership is in all seriousness con- fronted with the problem of the consequences of this unpre- cedented action against its regime. ANTI-MAOIST The Chinese officials have to admit that the demonstrations on Tien An Men were overtly anti- Maoist. It was pointed out in the - .address of Wu Teh, chairman of the Peking Revolutionary Com- mittee, to the gathering — which was broadcast through loudspeakers — that the de- monstration was the doing of “bad elements’. Wu Teh em- phasized that what was happen- ing on Tien An Men “‘is directed against the struggle waged against the right-wing deviationist whirlwind raised by the repentant - capitalist roader’’, that it was di- rected ‘‘against chairman Mao and the central committee headed by him.”’ The Tien An Men events are far beyond the limits of the conven- tional internal political struggle which -Mao . Tse-tung organizes from time to time in order to knock down his next rival in the struggle for power, or remove a political leader expressing disag- reement with the harmful Maoist policy inside the country, and on the international scene. They show that large groups of the working people are being drawn into the internal political struggle. This results in the ap- a: TENG HSIAO-PING pearance of new forms of struggle which are not to the Maoists’ liking. Everything seems to indicate that the further division of forces is going on, above all in the Chinese leadership and the entire society. The main problem on which the struggle is waged is the attitude on the prospects of the country’s economic develop- ment. Harassed and scared by more and more political campaigns conducted after the ‘‘cultural re- Chou’s testament raises many points The acute split in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was reflected in the political testament left. by late premier Chou En-lai and by re- cent events in China. The testament, contained in a letter to his wife, Teng Ying Cha So, and distributed to all mem- bers of the Central Committee, said that China should struggle for world peace and human progress, for cooperation among progres- - sive forces in the world and for upholding proletarian inter- nationalism. Specifically, Chou asked that the principles of the 1955 Ban- dung Conference of Third World countries bé upheld. These prin- ciples include the famous ‘‘Panch Sila’ ’ (Five Principles) of peaceful coexistence and cooperation among world states. : Chou stressed that cooperation with capitalist-states did not mean entering into alliances with them. ‘A Mistake’ The testament left by Chou de- scribed the so-called ‘‘Cultural Revolution’’ as a mistake which should not be repeated. Chou wrote that the Chinese revolution has many distinct fea- tures both historically and nation- ally. He continued, ‘‘It is natural that the CPC should travel an in- dependent road. I wish from the that the party in the future should volution’”’, the people receive jy; with satisfaction any hint, any _ gesture directed towards the solu- §j tion of the acute social and economic problems. This exp- lains the great popularity in the cquntry of Chou En-lai’s speech at the January 1975 session of the National People’s Congress, in which he noted the necessity of turing China into a mighty socialist state. The steps of Teng Hsiao-ping |} towards the acceleration of the country’s economic development were ardently supported for the same reason. CURB DISCONTENT The anti-Maoist action ‘of the masses of the working people in Peking and the refusal of Teng |) Hsiao-ping to recognize his ‘‘mis- takes’’ before Mao Tse-tung, made Mao hastily remove Teng. The recent events in China show that the Maoist grouping — has decided to curb, by reprisals, the discontent growing in the country over the ‘‘Mao line” which, judging by experience, is inevitably leading China towards | economic stagnation, towards 78 freezing people’s low living stan- dard, towards political instability, and towards the continuation of the anti-popular hegemonistic and | great-power policy, which hin-— ders the development of socialism. Re j bottom ot my heart that the basic principles of party affairs be strictly observed, that is, the principles of democratic man- agement of party affairs and party guidance in the economy, and in no case make mistakes like the ‘Cultural Revolution’.’’ Heavy Industry Stressed He said that in regard to the economy the greatest stress should be placed on developing heavy industry. “In the past 27 years,’’ he wrote, ‘‘we have done a great job. But even at present we do not have the needed quantities of machinery, equipment, steel, cement and electricity.”’ (China at” present has less than 20 percent 0 the steel output of Japan; in 1973, China produced 23 million tons of steel, but in 1974, it produced only — 21 million tons of steel). ‘Eloquent Silence’ The Chou testament did not contain a single word, or even if: _ direct reference, to Soviet- Chinese relations — what thé French call an ‘‘eloquent sl lence.”’ This silence is com by most analysts to the tons of virulent anti-Soviet material chumed out daily by the Maoist news media. In this context, say” ing nothing at all could be re garded as something positive. ee Stee te ORE 5 3k EI abe 2 LE RE”