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' The metallic arts go back
in time past the Pharaohs of
ancient Egypt. Since metal

was first discovered it has’

been used to enscribe, grave
or engrave for decorative
purposes. Some of the oldest
weapons that we know of are
bronze axes with magic
charms and
scratched into them.
_ Since the first coins were
_ cast or struck, they too have
been vehicles for symbols of
importance or portraits of
the. individuals responsible
for them,
‘Eventually design
became a-discipline in itself
_ and the designers became
specialized craftsmen. The
metal crafters primarily
goldsmiths and_ silver-
smiths were designers and
makers of jewels, special
. weapons and coins but were
also: considered artists -in
their day. Some of the
freatest artists of the late
Middle Ages were trained as
metalsmiths.

symbols:

‘the

{

By Victor Hayes.

That trend in arts has
continued up until modern
times. Metal design, silver
arid goldsmithing is taught

today in art colleges and

those so trained think of

themselves as metallic. l !
. last name to his becoming

‘Kruger Gray, the name that

artists.

Many of the designs
struck into Canadian coins
are the work of metallic
artists while some are the
creation of graphic
designers and visual artists.
_ Two of the best known

‘names in Canadian coin

design are George Kruger-
Gray and Emmanuel Hahn.
Both of these men were

responsible for parts of the.

major transition in design
that Canadian coins un-
derwent in the mid-thirties.

George Kruger-Gray was
born George Kruger in
England before the turn of
century. He. was
educated through: the
English school system of his
times and’ eventually ended

up at the Royal College of_

TERRACE R.E.M.LEE THEATRE __
MONDAY & TUESDAY, AUGUST 9th & 10th 8:30 P.M.

Art at Kensington Gore. He

graduated from that  in-
stitute in 1904 with a
diploma in ornament and
design. .

In 1918 he married Audrey
Gordon Gray and added her

he was to be known by and
sign his -work by.
His early artistic. en-
deavours were water colour
works (an English artistic
tradition) and stained glass
works. From there he went
on to heraldic design and
became an_ acknowledged
expert in that field. ©
Kruger-Gray came to
coin design in the 1930's.
‘He designed various coins
for the English and
Austrailian _governments
but for our purposes we will
mention the Canadian coin

reverses that he executed.
With the coronation of
George the Sixth, several ©

Canadian and English artist

were asked to submit new _

Tickets: Advance: $4.00 at Sight & Sound © Door: $4.50

- designs for the reverse of
Canadian coins. Kruger-
Gray submitted designs and
three were accepted for
striking. — 7

The acceptde designs
were the maple leaf cluster,
struck on the one cent piece,
the beaver design struck on
the five cent piece and the.
Canadian coat of arms
design struck on the fifty
cent pieces.

Those designs have been
used on and off since that
time, with the exception of
the fifty cent reverse which
was replaced in: 1959.
Kruger-Gray died in 1943.
_ One other of the designers
who submitted their work
for consideration for the —
new Canadian ‘George
Sixth’ series was Emmanuel
Hahn. He was born in
Germany in 1881 and came
to Canada in 1888. He was
educated in Toronto as an
artist and sculptor. He
practised-his art in Ontario
and when the competition
for the new coins was an-
nounced, submitted his
designs as one of the
Canadian artists.

His design for the ten cent
piece and the twenty-five
cent coin were accepted.
The ten. cent piece still
carries his fishing schooner
and the Canadian twenty-
five cent piece still carries
his design of a caribou head.

Since 1937 there have been
frequent changes _ in
Canadian coin images,
mostly commemorative _
designs used in specific .
years, The name of the
designers responsible for _
these images can be found in
the Charlton Catalogue.

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