‘PEACEFUL RESISTANCE’ URGED

‘Mme. Pandit hi

LONDON
Indians in South Africa
should unite and _ organise

themselves for peaceful resis-
tance against the racial meas-

ures of the South African
2overnment, Mme. Vijaya
Lakshmi Pandit, Indian high

commissioner in London, de-
clared last week.

Her declaration was made
in a message to a mass meet-
ing of Indians in Johannesburg,
called by the Transvaal Indian
Congress, to eonsider resis-
tance to the application of the

Group Areas (Segration) Act,
in that city

The meeting denounced this
act as the “pivot of apartheid,
calculated to uproot and ruin
non-white people and to force
them into ghettos.” :

Mrs. Pandit, in the sharpest
Indian attack so far on the
South African government,

warned that the Indian com-
munity in that country was
“now threatened with extinc-
tion.”

Under the Group Areas Act,
Indians in Johannesburg, many

of whom have lived there for
generations, are now to be
driven from the city and
segregated in a special town
outside. Their houses, stores
and businesses are all to be
sold. :

Those who own stores which
formerly did a large trade
with European and African
customers will now be restrict-
ed to serving Indians. For many
of them this is effect means,
being driven out of business.

The practicing lawyers and
doctors will be ruined. Those

Taming of H-energy
for peace forecast

In the future the vast Antarctic contin-
ent, which has an area of six million square
miles, may be dotted with atomic- -powered
settlements. Valuable ores may be extracted
there by mining plants,-and the continent
may be used as a great vermin-free store for

the world’s food surpluses.

These were some of the pos-
sibilities outlined by Sir Ray-
mond Priestley in his presi-
dential address ‘“Twentieth-
Century Man Against Ant-
eretica” to the opening session
of the British Association in
Sheffield last week.

Sir Raymond was geologist
on the Shackleton expedition
ci 1907-9, and a scientist with
the northere party of Scott’s
tragic 1910-13 expedition.

In his address he gave a
number of spectacular fore-
casts for this continent, which
1s nearly as large as Australia
and Europe together.

“Great and valuable mineral
deposits there must be in any
continent of this size and kind,
though nothing of significance
has far been found,” he
said.

“Future exploration lies
with the coordinated use of air-
borne surveyors carrying out
wide sweeps and to helicopter-~
torne ground parties equipped
for high-speed core drilling and
rock sampling.”

Ynee the ore was located, the
whole enterprise could grad-
vally go underground, he said,
and there would be the con-
struction of underground
engine-rooms, hoisting gear
and mineral dressing plants.

We were inclined to forget
now much the present pattern
of our civilisation depended
upon the letent heat of the
acc.

“Jf the present ice sheets
of the world melted in a hurry,
sea level would rise some-

yhere in the region of 100 feet.
his would, among  other-
nainful things, bring about
the greatest slum clearance
the world has ever known.”

But the present long-term

so

LONDON

tendency to glacier retreat,
he added, was accompanied. by
a zise in sea level of only four
inches a century.

Already, said Sir Raymond,
the International Geophysical
Year was beginning to trans-
form the Antarctic scene.

“The continent is becoming
studded with little towns.
fcebreakers plough the Ant-
aretic seas with internal tem-
perature kept at 75 degrees F.
In this great effort, Britain
plans to play a worthy part.”

These were some of his
views on some of. the great
men of the past:

SCOTT: He committed errors
of organization. for which he
more than atoned by the man-
ner of his death.

AMUNDSEN (the Norwegian
who raced Scott to the South

Pole) stood “for swift and
efficient polar travel.”
SHACKLETON: “When all

things are hopeless and there
seems no way out, get, down
on your knees and. pray for
Shackleton.”

Last C ypriot bishop

under house arrest

NICOSIA
The only Cypriot bishop still
allowed his freedom — Bishop
Anthimos of Kitium has
keen placed under douse arrest

e

in his official residence in
Larnaca.

He will not be allowed out
without special permission.

He is, in fact, being held as a
hostage in a new attempt to
coerce Cypriots into abandon-
ing their struggle.

He was threatened that fur-
ther steps would be taken
against him if “there is a
renewed outbreak of violence.”

LONDON

Soon the energy of the hydrogen bomb

will be tamed and used for peaceful purposes,

Sir George Thomson, FRS, told the British
Association in Sheffield last week.

Sir George, who is one of Britain’s lead-

ing Atomic experts, was delivering his presi-

dential “address to the Mathe-
matics and Physics Section of
the association’s annual meet-
ing.

Work was being done in
Britain, U.S. and the USSR to
make commercial use of the
energy released in the nuclear
reaction which was the basis
of hydrogen bombs, he said.

Whether this would greatly
improve on energy obtained
from uranium and_ thorium
remained to be seen, he added.
“Tt will depend on how com-
plex the devices have to be to
release it.

“In the long run I think it
may win, as I believe that
there is much more possibility
of deniving electrical energy
Girectly from a nuclear re-
ecticn is the case of deuterium
(heavy hydrogen) than in the
ease of uranium,’ said Sir
George.

“This would save the in-
efficiency of the heat engine
‘hat now interposes itself. It
is also possible that a combin-
ation of the two. might prove
economic,.”

The chief limitation to
ruclear power was caused by
radiation which had to have
eumbrous shielding. “There
seems no way out of this. I
do not see the slightest hope
for the nuclear motor car,”
he said.

“T have grave doubts about
the nuclear airplane. Its sole
advantage is that it would
save the weight of fuel. For a
very long trip, it might pay,
but such long trips are only
needed in war.

“For crossing the Atlantic,
I do not believe that the saving
in the weight of fuel would
compensate for the weight of
of the shield and the increased
complexity of the machinery.”

‘

its §.A. act

who work in n industry will have
‘o travel an additional 20 miles
each way to work every day.

The mass meeting in Johan-
nesburg was called as a matter
cf urgency to decide how to
resist.

It called for establishment of
a council of action to mobilise
the people effectively to “de-
tend their homes, properties
and means of livelihood.”

It also asked African and
Asian countries to influence
the United Nations “to take
the necessary steps to compel
the South African government
+o cease violating the provis-
ions of the UN Charter and
the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights.”

The meeting decided \ to
raise funds for. a campaign
against the Group Areas Act,
and suggested a hartal (one-
day strike) against it.

Under the present enforce-

Italian Socialists ke
with Communis

The Italian Socialist party hopes for unity
Social Democrats without any break in its
the Communist party, Pietro Nenni, leader 0
Socialist party, said last week. :

Nenni made his statement in an interview

ties

Paris daily, France - Soir, at
Chamoix in the French Alps,
where he is vacationing fol-
lowing his meeting with Gui-
seppe Saragat, leader of the
Italian Social Democrats.

The Italian Socialist party,
which has had an_ alliance
with the Italian Communist
party since 1947, recently be-
gan discussions with the. So-
cial Democrats for unity with
them.

Nenni told France - Soir it
was. “fantastic” to speak of
any spectacular break  be-
tween his party and the Italian
Communists and a -dramatic
reconciliation with the Social
Democrats.

“The truth is different,”
Nenni said. “I hope in fact,
that there will be no such
break.

“But I also hope that there
will be the closest rapproche-
ment between the two Italian
Socialist parties and that we
will achieve reunification if
our joint efforts are success-
Toh

Franse - “Soir quoted Nenni

as saying he envisaged-

three stages — a rapproche-
ment with Saragat for the
“immediate struggle,” the
drawing up of a joint plat-
form for the 1958 elections
and finally the reunification
of the two parties.

Signore Nenni said the new
factor which had emerged
since the meeting of his par-
ty’s central committee. some
months ago was the inter-
vention of the French Socialist

SEPTEMBER 1, 1956 — PACIFIC TRIBUNE

ment of the ac
Johannesburg, more
000 non-white people
ke. driven from thelr
ineluding 22,000 India

ali
f. the

“PIETRO N

party and the sock
national with the sed
en to Pierre Co!
Commin, assist”!
of the French 50%
went to Rome last
voy of the Socialist:
nal to seek the
~ of the two Italian”
Asked if he h@
fied his attiude
ternational proble
larly on the
Nenni said that
past two years |
fact_been a certal
ment of view be
party and the Wax
ist parties.

our viewpoint is

different from
Western Socialist