MORE VIEWS and IDEAS On the problem of the two Canadas WO years ago the magazine Marxist Quarterly made an important contribution to the current debate on the pro- blems of French and English Canada when it published its special issue titled “Crisis of Confederation.” Coming as it did just as the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Bicultural- ism began its work and long be- fore it published its. Preliminary Report, the material in that is- sue aroused a great deal of in- terest and did its modest bit to stimulate among English Cana- dians a great awareness of the real problems: involved in the crisis. Now in its Autumn, 1965 is- sue Marxist Quarterly again de- votes its entire contents to the same topic. Titled “The Two Canadas: Towards a New Con- federation?” the issue contains much valuable material by writ- ers of varied views that should help to advance and deepen the national discussion and debate on the problem. In an_article titled “What Is Equality of the Two Nations?”, Jacques-Yvan Morin, - professor of law at the University of Montreal, discusses the problem of equality..in general (“But what, exactly, is equality?”), then relates -itto the particular problem in:Candda. He criticizes the implication.in the B and B commission’s -repert that what ~ is involved inthis crisis is prim- arily the “ctiltural” equality of English-speaking and -French- speaking Canada. Cultural equality, he argues, is “no more than a fraction of the equality which we are seeking” and goes on to show that even more im- portant are the problems of poli- tical and economic equality be- tween the two nations. The problems involved in pro- jecting a new constitution for Canada are put forward from two viewpoints: one in an article by Nelson Clarke, “For a New Pact of Confederation,” which outlines how Communists see it; the other a draft document titled “Constitutional Problems for a Free State of Quebec and’a New Pact Between the Two Nations”, prepared by a sub-committee of the Parti Socialiste du Quebec. “The Economic Problems of Confederation” are examined by Albert Dubuc, a professor of economic history in the Univer- sity of Montreal. Some aspects of the B and B commission’s Preliminary Report are discussed in an article by M. J. Sago, editor of the Ukrai- nian Canadian, particularly as the commission’s findings relate to the ethnic groups in Canada and the concept of “two major- ities.” “Questions in Dispute” is a fact-filled and thought-provok- ing article by the quarterly’s editor, Stanley Ryerson. It pro- vides a wealth of data and argu- ‘ments for getting at some of the more knotty problems involved in finding a solution to the con- stitutional crisis. The specific ‘disputed questions discussed are: “The connection (if any) be- tween the industrialization of Quebec. and the contemporary upsurge of French-Canadian na- tionalism; “The character and causes of the relative lag in some aspects of Quebec’s development; and the argument to the effect that ‘Quebec is a colony of English Canada’; “Class and national factors in French Canada; the relationship between the struggles for na- tional self-determination and for socialism.” An interesting and valuable bit of data carried in this issue © is a collection of excerpts show-, ing what Canadian Communists have had to say on the subject of French Canada and the crisis - of Confederation from 1929 un- til today. Many of the concepts and ideas that are considered “new” today were advanced by the Communist Party and its . spokesmen as far back as 20 and 30 years ago. This special issue of Marxist Quartely should, even more than did the special issue of two years ago, find its way into the . hands of hundreds of Canadian workers, farmers and students who are not regular readers of the magazine. This itself would be a big help in creating greater understanding of the constitu- tional crisis and thereby a con- tribution toward an earlier and perhaps less difficult solution of it. —J.B. Automated plant for fertilizers One of the most highly auto- mated chemical fertilizer plants in the world was opened recen- tly near Calgary, Alta. Owned by the Western Federated Co- operatives, it cost $24,000,000 to build, occupies some 320 acres of space, employs around 250 men and will produce 225,000 tons of fertilizer annually. A two-mile of railway will move 50 rail cars per day in and out of the plant. - SYSTEM A bookie handed over the money to the little old lady. “How did you manage to pick the winner?” he asked. : “T just stuck a pin in the pa- per,” she answered, ‘‘and there it was.” “But how come you knocked off four winners yesterday?” Ob laughed the little old lady, ‘yesterday I cheated a lit- tle, I used a fork.” EMERGENCY? side “4 J. $. Wallace See a pin and pick it up The rest of the day You’ll have good luck. EDITATING on the subject of sin when I was around 10 I drew certain conclusions that were quite sound as far as they went. When I swore, I decided, I sin- ned and had nothing to show for it. So I have never sworn since (I think that has helped to widen my vocabulary). When I stole, on the other hand, it is true I sinned but I had something to show for it. Walking down Fairview Heights in Truro one day I spotted a’ pin. Picking it up I headed for Lady Archibald’s orchard where there were golden russet apples that mellow- ed when you buried them in sand. The coast was clear so I kept on and helped myself heavily to apples. I took these to the station and sold them on board the trains at bargain prices. I wound up a busy day by stealing an orange from a nursery. Homewardbound I passed the spot where I picked up the pin and thought how true that old jingle was. ; Luckily for me the time came fairly soon when stealing went the way of swearing, so I didn’t develop into a juven- ile delinquent. (Perhaps you had experiences simiiar to mine?) Old memories that rustle around like last year’s leaves. They came back to me this week because of-an article I read in Moscow News which, by the way, is delivered to readers by airmail. (That doesn’t mean it arrives on the day of publication or anything like it.) This article answered a reader who wanted some facts on juvenile delinquency in the USSR. The answer was startling. Older readers will remember what a problem juvenile delinquency was in the first years of the revolution because of the tens of thousands of homeless orphans roaming the cities and country side, forming themselves into bands, living by their wit, often using violence. There was what could be called a mild recurrence after 1945: crimes by those under 18 rose to 11.7 percent of all offenses. By 1954 the figure had dropped to 5.8 percent; by 1960 it was under 3 percent and still easing down. Compare this with Canada (to say nothing of the Uni- ted States) and you will see that they have something we should copy . . . I was nearly saying steal. I wonder what it could be. by side | Planning a trip? LET US MAKE ALL YOUR ARRANGEMENTS : | GLOBE TOURS aS j A CASE OF PUPS We know a doctor who “ bE ; A German shepherd bitch owned by Mrs. Lynne Argo, of North would not operate unless it was AGENCY \ Vancouver, B.C., recently produced an even dozen pups, which absolutely necessary. If he didn’t : fitted very nicely into this soft drink case. Mrs. Argo bottle fed the need the money, he wouldn’t lay 615 SELKIRK AVE. ~ WINNIPEG, MANITOBA - JU. 6-1386 brood twice daily until they were able to get along on their own. a hand on you. - ae December 3, 1965—PACIFIC TRIBUNE—Page 8 .