SPeration.

By G. VASILYEV

wane history of the “dirty

_ Waged by the U.S.A. in
iitheast Asia is full of strik-
ation amples of pillage and viol-
Reger the rights of peoples.
its ¢ €vents have also revealed
« . Ynical mercantilism.

n cording to Senator Syming-
Suk, chairman of the Senate
of OMmittee of Investigations
ation Foreign Military Oblig-
Antes from 1966-to 1969 the
oon Government paid the
39 ment of the Philippines
of Million dollars “as a token
sod for sending Filipino
4 lets to South Vietnam.
net Fulbright made it
em = that the Thailand Gov-
of went which sent a division

lunteers” to South Viet-
Deri Teceived over the same

200 million’ dollars. -
deliv the biggest price for the
rece, of cannon fodder was
Which by the regime of Seoul
South sent 50,000 soldiers to
the 1y Vietnam. According to
alon €w York Times, last year
ftom, the Seoul rulers received
lion the U.S, treasury 200° mil-
een collars {a fifth of the total
io, Pts of South Korea in fore-

Currency).
© honest person can help

Popular ‘Selga’

MOscow (APN) — A 2,000,-
Stil] transistor radio “Selga” is
Soy; Considered one of the best
the let transistor radios. It was
it first to be awarded the qual-

badge in the Soviet Union
5 ag to the world’s stan-
lability” its parameters and re

The first “Selga” came off the
1969 bly line six years ago. In
ten” the factory produced 170

lvers a month, and now
dye Tadios are manufactured a
ng Selga” is the most widely
sed Soviet transistor radio:
Rate’ radios were bought by
and, over 200,000 by Britain,
|p More than 70,000 by Hun-

gay, In all, upwards of 600,000
abr, oi radios were shipped
The manufacture of receiving
ad grows very quickly in the
Viet Union. Some 7,300,000 re-
ners and radiograms were pro-
ae last year. In the first quar-
lg of this year the figure was

Se
S

po |i |

sel | if

<2

|

cut nist surgeons, working at an Ethiopian hospital, have carried
Kolesnik first heart operations in that country. Photo shows Nina
yea ova, Vasili Vasilyev and Alexei Glagolev by the bedside of
heeetold Chokol Marita, the first man in Ethiopia to undergo a

Cheaper cannon fodder

but be staggered by the devilish
arithmetic of the Pentagon plan-
ners who have calculated on
electronic computers the cost of
killing one partisan and the
tons of explosives necessary for
“pacifying” a square mile of
South Vietnamese soil. Now they
have disclosed yet another ma-
thematical discovery — the cost
of a mercenary sent to kill for
the sake of the plunderous as-
pirations of overseas mono-
polies.

. Thus, the bookkeepers of
death from the banks of the Po-
tomac would like to simplify

‘their relationship with their al-

lies in the “dirty war” to the
following formula: ‘from you
cannon fodder, from us dollars.

They rub their hands with
satisfaction, calculating. how
much cheaper a Thailand or
South Korean soldier is than an
American soldier.

By MEL DOIG

‘“The workers of France have
never separated internationalism
and factory-level demands,” de-
clared the leader of a French
trade union delegation which re-
céntly visited Quebec and On-
tario to observe and study adult
education under UNESCO spon-
sorship.

This is how Madame Chris-
tiane Gilles, staff member of the
women’s sector of the 2,500,000-
member General Confederation
of Labor, explained French la-
bor’s attitude to the struggle of
the peoples of Indochina.

“In Paris, on a Sunday - in
spring, everybody leaves the city
for the countryside,” she told a
Toronto press conference. “But
on Sunday. May 10, Paris saw
the mighty demonstration of
200,000 people demanding that
the United States withdraw at
once from Indochina.” This was
the first time, Mme. Gilles ex-
plained, that so many organiza-
tions, 44 of them including the
CGT and other trade union
bodies, peace and youth move-
ments and political parties, had
united their efforts for peace.

“We are far removed,” she
said, “from the time when we
were the only trade union orga-
nization demanding the U.S. get
out of Vietnam and Indochina.” .

Education Lag

Highly qualified in’ adult and
trade union education, the three
young members of the CGT dele-
gation agreed their week-long
stay in Quebec had revealed the
intense desire of French-Cana-
dian teachers to improve their
training. Robert Lejeune, special-
ist in trade union education, par--
ticularly of Frence’s energy wor-
kers, and Yves Duguet, who is
responsible for CGT youth work
in an area of 600,000 industrial
workers, including those in the
Renault auto plants, shared Ma-
dame Gilles’ opinion that. teach-
ing levels and methods in Que-
bec lag behind those in France.
_ “Although the recent revolu-
tion in Quebec’s educational sys-
tem has not yet embraced im-

provement in the methods of
training teachers,” observed the
leader of the delegation, ‘“‘we
have all been greatly impressed
by evidences of the soul-search-

ing that Quebec teachers, most —

of them very young, are them-
selves experiencing as they seek
to extend their knowledge.” The
CGT delegation found that high
costs of adult education in Que-
bec present a problem for work-
ing people there. -
The delegates met with repre-
sentatives of the Quebec Federa-
tion of Labor and the Confedera-
tion of National Trade Unions,
and of the Universities of Mont-
real, McGill and Quebec. They
expressed their gratitude to
UNESCO for the invitation ex-
tended them to visit Canada.
Adult Schooling .
Dealing with adult education
in France, Mme, Gilles told the
press: “Bearing in mind that the
CGT itself does not control
French adult education, we

‘nevertheless exert great efforts

and influence in many aspects of
it—at the factory level, through
plant committees, in trade union,
cultural and: sports activities.”
She spoke of how in 1946 labor
in France had won a law that
requires employers to contribute

directly to plant and shop adult,

educational and cultural funds.
Generally, this amounts to 1%
of the total wages and salaries
paid by the employer, but in
some industries, such as aircraft,

is goes as high as 5%. Employ--

ers’ contributions to the shop
education and cultural funds
have today become altogether
inadequate, with the result that
CGT trade* union organizations
now are demanding the bosses
pay. at least 2% of the total
wages “as part of the overall
class struggle.”

Mme. Gilles declared that in
the manifold activities of
France’s largest trade union
centre “it is considered very im-
portant that all our activists are
themselves workers from the
shops.” In this way, she explain-
ed, in trade union education and
cultural and sports activities, in

Ride for a nickel on Moscow's

By BERT WHYTE

Moscow is a city of 1,744
streets, 31 broad avenues, 908
cross-streets and 913 alleys. The
population tops seven million.

A city of this size always has
problems, including the prob-
lem of transporting millions of
people to and from work every
day. It is being solved, primarily,
by development of the subway
system, which is already over
100 miles long and carries some
four and a half million passen-
gers daily.

Underground electric railways
were pioneered in London, the
Metropolitan line in 1863 and

wr

This is Moscow today — view of the Taras Shevchenko Embankment on M

<

*

the “tube” (City and South Lon-
don in 1890). The New York
subway opened on October 27,
1904. Moscow came late on the

‘ scene—its first line from Sok-

olniki to Gorky Park began op-
erating May 15, 1935. Scores of
cities in many countries have
subways, but Moscow Metro is
generally acknowledged to be

-the best.

Some of the stations resem-
ble underground palaces, finish-
ed in marble and ceramics and
decorated with stained - glass
panels and frescoes. Most of
these are the older stations: the
newer ones are plainer, more_

bas

austere, in line with modern
architecture. “

There is no inflation in the
Soviet Union, and the fare for a
ride remains at five kopecks—a

nickel, that is: The map of the’

Metro is like the map of Mos-
cow—all roads lead to and from
Red Square, the heart of the
city. A circular line surrounds
the main part of Moscow, but
spokes branch out to new hous-
ing districts on the fringes of the
growing capital.
Senior citizens remember that
back in the early 1920’s Lenin

‘dreamed of building an under-

ground railway. It was not un-

‘4

aii GE

loskva River, from the top of the COMECON skyscraper.

French unions education

which intellectuals, artists: and

sports figures collaborate, direc- ,

tion is exercised by shop’ activ-
ists. pe:
Workers’ Education
Speaking directly of CGT
trade union education, Robert

Lejeune told the press confer-.

ence that special leaves ‘from
work for periods ranging from
‘five days to one month, for the
highest stages, are granted work-
ers, with employers paying part
of their. wages. -

Yves Duguet spoke of the

special importance for young

French workers of education re-
lated to science and technology,
of training in chemistry, aircraft,
atomic and other energy indus-
tries. Employers need qualified
‘personne], but the schools they
have for.workers are held after
work hours, and involve addi-
tional, high transportation costs.
Today’s main demand of young
workers, in this respect, is for
courses during ‘work hours with
pay, and for full recognition of
diplomas they earn.
Women’s Role

Working women play a: large
‘role in all the activities of the
CGT, and accounted for 25% of
all delegates at its last congress
(in contrast to the 8% repre-

sented by women delegates at.

the recent Edmonton convention
of the Canadian Labor Congress
—Ed.).. “Although by French
law equal pay is to be paid for
equal work,” stated Mme. Gilles,
“French women: workers con-
tinue to suffer . discrimination,
particularly in their wages. As a
whole, they receive 30%. less
than male workers.” The CGT is

at present engaged in negotia-

tions for the demand for 14-week
maternity leaves: to be wholly
paid by the employers. “We are
* now on the point of winning it,”
she asserted. —-
Accompaniying the CGT dele-
gation on its visit to Quebec and
Ontario and acting as translator
during the press conference was
Mr. Jean Pare, vice-president of
the United Electrical, Radio. and
Machine Workers (UE). ©

subway

til eight years after his death,

however, that work on the Met- —

ro got under way.
Middle-aged Muscovites re-
member the grim days of the
Great Patriotic War, when the
Metro was used as_an_ air-raid
shelter, and families slept in
safety deep underground while
-above them searchlights criss-
crassed the sky and anti-aircraft
batteries fired at Germian raiding
planes. see nee
Young Muscovites find Metro
stations a convenient place to
rendezvous. “Meet you outside
the Prospect Marxa station, un-
der the M.”

: yi
: L
:
" * by
s » : "4
a ae.

PACIFIC TRIBUNE—FRIDAY, JULY 17, 1970—Page 5

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