|) Stockholm Appeal. To date nearly 20 labor councils from across the
‘country, many unions and labor leaders have signed their name to the

25 Years
—Stockholm
Appeal

SHO
THEARMS
RACE

FOR DETENTE AND PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE

§
3

Peace and security conference
~welcomed by United Nations

UNITED NATIONS (APN)
The Soviet. Union’s proposal
“For Concluding a World Treaty
on the Non-use of Force in Inter-
national relations’ has been wel-
comed by world opinion with
keen interest.

This important initiative has
been approved and supported in
full by representatives of
peaceloving nations at the current
session of the United Nations
General Assembly. Drastic action
is necessary to avert the war
menace.

The need for this is self-
evident and the chances of meet-
ing it do exist. Many nations
have, since the Second World
War, announced their desire to
renounce the use of force and this
determination has been express-
ed by the very founding and pur-
pose of the United Nations.

In the Final Act of the Confer-
ence on Security and Cooperation
in Europe, the participating states

The labor movement has played a role in assuring the success ofthe (.-jared their intention to con-

duct their relations with all na-

| call for peace. Student, anti-poverty organizations, municipal councils tions in the spirit of the principles

4 and politicians are among the many supporters of the Appeal.

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of paramount importance con-
tained therein. Renunciation of

Oct. 1st:

q Soviet Union sends 2
| greeting to China

~ MOSCOW —The Soviet government sent the following greet-
ing to. the Chinese people on the occasion of the 27th Anniver-
sary of the proclamation of the Chinese People’s Republic on

“The victory of the people’s Revolution was an historic gain
of the working people of China, a natural result of their selfless
Struggle for national and social emancipation, a major event in
the development of China and the world revolutionary process.

: “The peoples of the Soviet Union have always stood firmly

_ and consistently on the side of the Chinese Revolution. They

_ entertain sentiments of friendship for the working class, for the

peasantry, the working intelligensia of China, for all those who
struggle to realize the ideals of socialism.

“The normalization of relations between the USSR and Chi-

~ Na, their development on the basis of the principles of equality,

of respect for sovereignty and national integrity, of non-

interference in the internal affairs of one another, would answer

the aspirations of the peoples of our countries interested in the

|} building of socialism and communisn, in the preservation and
\_ Ponsolidation of peace and security throughout the world.”

force occupies a proper place
among these principles, too.
Non-aligned nations have re-
peatedly spoken up for a strict
application of this principle.

It is a matter of common
knowledge that the renunciation
of force has been recorded in a
whole series of bilateral, regional
and multilateral treaties and
agreements governing relations
between the contracting powers.
’ Thus, a new universal treaty
should sum up, as it were, and
bring together under a common
heading all that has been achieved
in this field. Renunciation of force
must be turned into a standard of
international law and a principle
of world affairs.

The conclusion of a world tre-
aty renouncing the use of force in
international relations would
promote the continued effort of
the United Nations and its
S: member states in strengthening

A reader asks: ‘‘What is meant by the
phrase ‘it is the duty of a Marxist party
to impart socialist consciousness to the
spontaneous workers’ movement’? It is
the word ‘spontaneous’ that bogs me.”
First, it should be noted that to act
spontaneously is opposite to acting
consciously — in a considered way. In
short, to act spontaneously is to act
voluntarily, naturally — by instinct if
you will. To act consciously is to act

after due consideration with a definite

objective in mind.

* * *
_ For instance, the workers’ move-
‘ment arises naturally, voluntarily, out
of the contradictions created by
capitalist production relations. These

contradictions arise because the

_ Capitalist hires workers for the lowest
wages, and at the poorest standard of
working conditions possible. The
workers, on the other hand, strive to
obtain the highest wages and best con-
ditions of work possible.

This is the basis of the class struggle
in a class-divided society. It is a per-
fectly natural development arising vol-
untarily out of capitalist production.

Another equally natural development
also takes place; that of the workers
Struggling in unison and the forming of
trade unions to do so. First locally, then

peace and reduce the danger of
the outbreak of another world
war. A major practical condition
and way for achieving this is by
stemming the arms race and cut-
ting all types of armaments,
above all nuclear weapons.

It is not difficult to see that the
conclusion of a new world treaty
would create more favorable
conditions for the solution of dis-
armament problems, including
the one of general and complete
disarmament. For it is perfectly
clear that if everybody accepts a
firm commitment to renounce the
use of force, it will be logical to
renounce the attributes of force
— redundant armaments and im-
mense expenditures on war prep-
arations.

As a result, all nations, what-
ever their social systems, area or
population; whether nuclear or
non-nuclear, would stand to gain.

The Soviet draft World Treaty
on the Non-use of Force in Inter-
national Relations provides for
strict observance by its sig-
natories of an undertaking not to
use force or a threat of force to the
ends inconsistent with the United
Nations’ purposes in their mutual
relations and in international rela-
tions in general.

The draft makes it clear that in
accordance with this commit-
ment, the parties to the treaty
would refrain from the use of
force or threat of its use involving
the employment of any types of
weapons, including nuclear and
other weapons of mass destruc-
tion, on land, at sea, in the air and
in outer space.

“No consideration can justify
resort to a threat or use of force in
violation of the commitments un-
der the present treaty,’’ Clause 3
of Article 1 of the draft states.

This closes any possible loop-
hole for those addicted to warlike
ventures of inventing excuses for
an act of war. Only by negotia-
tion, mediation, conciliation, ar-
bitration, legal proceedings or any
other peaceful means of their own
choosing, including any agreed

procedure of settlement, must .

disputes betweeen the parties to
the treaty be resolved.

Article 4 commits the parties to
an all-out effort to carry through
effective measures towards re-
ducing the extent of military con-
frontation and towards disarma-
ment, including general and com-
plete disarmament, under strin-
gent .and effective international
control. The treaty would thus be
a binding factor of progress to-
wards disarmament.

Without infringing on the
sovereignty of participating na-
tions, the draft leaves each of
them free to consider action to be
taken in accordance with its con-
stitutional practice to ensure the
fullest possible fulfilment of the
commitments under the treaty.

The draft provides for a simple
procedure to be followed in bring-
ing the treaty into force to ensure
its greatest effectiveness, univer-
sality and promptest.application.
The treaty would enter into force
for each participating state at the
moment it deposits its instru-
ments of ratification with the Un-
ited Nations Secretary General.

The treaty has no time limit.as
a renunciation of force cannot be
temporary.

In submitting its proposal as
important and urgent, the USSR
believes that the Assembly could
hold a comprehensive discussion
to consider the wording and sign-
ing of the world treaty and outline
practical action towards putting
this proposal into effect.

USSR stamp

for Shostakovich |

MOSCOW (TASS) — A stamp
to commemorate the 70th an-
niversary of composer Dmitri
Shostakovich (1906-75) has been
issued here.

It portrays Shostakovich
against the background of a sheet
with the music of his Seventh
Symphony, the ‘Leningrad’
(1942).

Marxism-Leninism in Today’s World

in combination with other localities,
then on a national basis, and later inter-
nationally. But always acting in re-
sponse to the development and the ex-
pansion of capitalism. In other words, a
constant accomodation of the workers to
capitalist production needs.

Herein lies the spontaneity of the
workers’ movement. :

* * *

Spontaneity, as a natural and volun-
tary reaction to events and conditions,
does not get at the root causes of events
or conditions. For instance, the root
cause of the unremitting struggle bet-
ween capital and labor lies in the private
ownership by the capitalists of the
means of production. Obviously, the
way to put an end to this constant class
war, now hidden and now open, bet-
ween the capitalists and the workers, is
to convert the means of production into
the common property of all the people,
and administered by a state of the work-
ing people for the common good of all
who toil. :

yee ~

The alternative to this corrective
process, is to continue on in the same
way of constant struggle with the

capitalists and their governments, just
to keep the workers collective heads
above water.

To change this irrational situation re-
quires, in the first place, that the work-
ers’ movement becomes conscious of
itself as a class for itself. A class, that by
its place in production, is destined by

history to lead the nation to a new and

higher society — socialism.

It is this consciousness — socialist
consciousness — that the Marxist party
has the duty to impart to the workers’
movement. For no other party, will do

so.
x * *

There are two ideologies in capitalist
society, one capitalist and the other
socialist. By virtue of its social posi-

-tion, the working class is drawn toward

socialism. But the capitalist class, as
the ruling class, does its utmost to in-
noculate the working class with its own
(capitalist) ideology. The opportunists
in the labor movement help the
capitalist class by denying the necessity
of imparting a socialist consciousness
to the working Class. They take the pos-
ition that socialist ideology arises in

| Socialism and the workers’ movement

the workers’ movément on its own
accord.

This of course is, an erroneous con-
ception. Sweden has a party that holds
sucha view. It was in power for almost
50 years. However, when it was voted
out of office by a coalition of capitalist
parties afew weeks ago, capitalism was
alive and well in that country. Another
such party, the Labour Party, has
headed up a number of governments in
Britain, and capitalism is still very
much in control in that country.

oe * *

Socialism is a science, not a word to
be loosely bandied around by those
politicians who have no intention of see-
ing it implemented. It includes not
only the science of socialist economics.
It includes also the strategy and tactics
of achieving that aim. Socialism and
socialist ideologoy is introduced into
the working class movement by the
Marxist party — the Communist Party.

The working class, assisted by the
democratic forces and the working
people generally, is the only class that
can lead the country to socialism. It will
do this by replacing the capitalists as
the ruling class, establishing its own
power, and converting the means of
production into socialist means of pro-
duction.

PACIFIC TRIBUNE—OCTOBER 15, 1976—Page 9

op earnmennonmentsy ac tmaine 8

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