By JOHN WEIR S the bouquet of socialist *s, Bulgaria shines bright in Of the roses for whose » it has long been fam- ite land of eight and a Hy" People has in com- € every variation that Dy, “2 offer — sunkissed : rs of the Black Sea i, °pped crags of the we Alps, lush valleys, thick and fertile fields. And © Kindest and yet People to be found ® nin; No wonder over cath On foreign tourists t ONnists visited it this Compressed in the is Balkan country ‘Ale ple. It was from here k ead of Macedon be- Pett eer in antiquity. Hae on Who led the slaves in that almost brought eee, came » Bu e most glori- ‘ai in Bulgaria’s history Wiyeq UT times with world- ‘ Bure of Georgi Di- Ming large in modern Todor - Zhivkov Mork ae continuing * * Tis f the Communist Pj, “ding the Canadian, d amniyeet celebrating the Tithe p Tsary of their found- Py CUgarians last month ey. 80th birthday of f * ‘i Most 9 a fn: q lion ding of the Bulgarian ty With Workers’. party is “dle the name of a re- » Dimiter Blagoev, Georgi Dimitrov. who studied in St. Petersburg and there imbibed the Russian revolutionary ideas, bringing them back to Bulgaria, where he established the Marxist party in 1891. In the first program adopted at its constituent congress, the party declared that “the eman- cipation of the working class is the task of the workers them- selves” and pledged to organize the struggle “‘to free our society from the present-day bondage and introduce the socialist order into our country”. It has with honor fulfilled that promise. * * There were decades of terrible hardships and trials. Freed from Turkish enslavement with the help of the Russians, Bulgaria had a_ semi-feudal monarchy thrust on it through the machi- nations of the Western powers. In 1923 a fascist-monarchist coup took place—and that same Bulgaria celebrates barty’s 80th anniversary | year the Communists led the first anti-fascist uprising against the dictatorship. It was defeated but helped to pave the way for the future victorious struggle. With Blagoev at their head, the Bulgarian revolutionaries marched shoulder - to - shoulder with Lenin and the Russian Bol- sheviks in the fight against the imperialist World War One, helped to form the Communist International. After Blagoev died in 1924, the party under G. Dim- itrov and V. Kolarov continued the valient struggle. * * * Georgi Dimitrov was well known in Bulgaria and interna- tional Communist circles, but his name flew around the entire world and his manly action gave heart to millions in the fight against fascism in 1933 when the Hitlerites in Germany tried to frame him in the Reichstag fire trial at Leipzig. Dimitrov, the prisoner in the dock, not only exposed the Prime Minister Zhivkov. \ Chess masters battle it out 8) BERT WHYTE ¥* Ain. OP Sept. 30 in ts SS two contenders Wily, * Chess champion- Byker Fj, POSvan_ (USSR) Ht matey ne? (USA) will “tone ©, decide who Sassy World champion Uhe Next spring. i comets the views of inch te entators, Fischer a Spas beat both Petro- Re tion, VY: Following his ite se."umphs in the Py ds ws of matches D.Y ang ct grandmaster sof De 6-0 against Bent Ay Ulan hmark) the press ‘A to h find enough su- 8 i he, , wy ;vts, the ~ world Why Sin! Wrote Harry A Of be Times. “In the i atters less a judge of is Xobby i as Professor oye Worl, (te best chess Ri = has ever seen. ty" all pebly the most ] RoW rl he great chess Drea 44028: Not since eagith Such ‘tere been a 1 deg ch a command of expe. Strategy Aide iy, ut oe Praise Fischer’s Se to underrate WW Chan Ny Saye CoS? \\ Boy * Soviet ahey. are Ady, “Fis &8Tandmaster Myce mors excellent : WN this + °Voke admi- SSibjg C°S Not mean et jg ‘© cope with More vigorous Grandmaster Petrosyan. but Petrosyan is more patient and level-headed. Fischer has a good understanding of manoeu- verable, positional play, but Pet- rosyan is no worse, if not better in this respect. Fischer deploys his forces well, but Petrosyan 1s also good at this, maybe even better. In some of his games with Taimov, Fischer organize his defense well, but Petrosyan is an even more skilful defense player. Petrosyan is a modest chessman. He is satisfied ai ing a single victory In 4 ane letting the other games end 1 draws.” Including their fi in Moscow back in and Petrosyan have played a total of 18 one ao won ree and 12 were drawn. : ee likes to attack, while Petrosyan has often been sens ed a defensive player. Conn ing on this during the perio world champion when he was sie dethrone d rst encounter 1958, Fischer — before Spass id him — Petrosyan sald: “ I am a cautious By nature 1 do not man and in general like risky situations. I was brought up on the games of Ca- pablanca and Nimzovich and they are part of me, body and soul. I was taught that way and that is the way I shall always play. “yes, perhaps they are right when they say that I prefer defense to offense, but who says that defense is less dangerous than attack? Playing a defensive game is like defusing a mine— your first mistake is your last. But the annals of famous chess games abound in examples of victory through brilliant . de- fense.” : The majority of chess players are highly educated and cultur- ed men. Bobby Fischer at 28 is a notable exception. A high school dropout at 16, he spends much of his time reading detec- tive thrillers, playing billiards, singing pop songs (with a Brooklyn accent). But when he hunches over a chess board he becomes a genius. * * % Postscript: Chess is an an- cient game, which probably orig- inated in India. It was intro- duced to Persia in the 6th cen- tury A.D. and the term chess derives from the Persian word for king. Chess in modern form emerged only in the 15th and 16th centuries in Italy and Spain. (“Pawns” comes from Spanish peons, peasants.) To- day chess is played in most countries, and a “world cham- pionship” dates back to 1851. frame-up but pinned the guilt for the monstrous provocation on the nazis themselves. Freed from the clutches of the fascist hangmen, Dimitrov was elected general secretary and delivered the momentous report to the 7th World Congress of the Comintern on_ building a united people’s front against war and fascism. & * + The Bulgarian people rose as the Soviet armies advanced into the Balkans and liberated their country from fascism in 1944, joining with the Soviet forces to finish the fascist would-be world conquerors. A _ people’s democratic government’ was formed with Dimitrov at the head and the building of a so- cial society began. Georgi Dimitrov died in 1949, but the group of cohorts that he trained and the people whom he led carried on the task of build- ing up the country and the new way of life. Foremost among them was Todor Zhivkov, the present general secretary of the 1891—Constituent Congress of the Bulgarian Communist Party. a Communist Party of,. Bulgaria, prominent in the councils of the world workers’ and Communist movement. On his 60th birthday this month T. Zhivkov was hon- ored widely both at home and in the other socialist countries. Bulgaria has been transform- ed in the quarter-century since the working people, led by their Leninist party, took power. It is today a land of growing indus- try, prosperous co-operative farming, of high culture and edu- cation, of healthy and happy people. Bulgaria is a beautiful land, warmed by the sun. But warmest of all are the hearts of its peo- ple, whose joy in music, song, dance and ‘all the fine things of life is only equalled by their love of creative labor, their ar- dent internationalism, and their devotion to the cause of human liberation and advance that mo- tivated its finest sons from Spar- tacus 2,000 years ago to Dimi- trov and those who carry on his legacy today. Unions and social security MOSCOW (APN)—The inter- national trade union conference on social insurance that was held here last week was attend- ed by delegations of 128 trade union centres in 90 countries and leaders of 22 international trade union organizations — about half of all the working people of the world. Stepan Shalayev of the USSR trade unions gave the following interview to our correspondent: Question: What are the main principles of the social insur- ance system in the USSR? Answer: Social unsurance in the USSR is wholly state-fin- anced: Working people do not have to contribute. Over 17,000 million rubles were spent by the state for social insurance last year. The expenditure planned for this year is 18,500 million rubles. Question; How does this spending affect the 245_million Soviet people? Answer: Each of the 115 mil- . lion Soviet people engaged in the economy is entitled to a cash allowance and free treat- ment in case of illness; 41 mil- lion pensioners receive monthly old-age or disability pensions; over eight million factory and office workers annually get ac- commodation at sanatoria and holiday resorts free of. charge or by paying only 30% of the cost; miners, iron and _ steel workers, and workers in the chemical -industry are given dietary food for treatment pur- poses at a quarter of the actual cost; every summer up to 10 million children receive easy- term or free accommodation at summer camps, the countryside or at health resorts. Question: What part do the Soviet trade unions play in ad- ministering social insurance? Answer: The trade unions themselves distribute the allo- cations that are annually ap- proved by the USSR Supreme +» Soviet as~.a part of the state budget, that is, they are in charge of all allowances, except pensions, and pay for health- improvement and _ disease-pre- vention measures. Question: Where do the funds for the social insurance budget come from? Answer: From insurance con- tributions paid by industrial plants, offices and organizations for their employees subject to social insurance. In _ industry these contributions are planned as part of production costs. The collective farms and public or- ganizations contribute from their own income. Offices — for example, of medical establishments or ad- ministrative bodies — receive special state allocations for this purpose. Insurance _ contribu- tions are paid according to the special rate of the trade union which covers the workers of the given factory, farm or of- fice. Such rates have been es- tablished by the USSR Council of Ministers for all the 25 branch trade unions as a defin- ite percentage of the total wages of those covered by the union.” Question: Who controls the payment of contributions? Answer: It is the responsibil- ity of the trade unions to check that the contributions are paid in time and in full. Officials guilty of infringement may, on trade union representation, be brought to administrative ac- count .or even prosecuted. — PACIFIC TRIBUNE—FRIDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1971_-PAGE9 aa]