HE-OMINECA MINER, SATURDAY, JUNE 48, 2812-. =
had'a very. disastrous effect, Is |project the -building of a stdam|only one Interest, viz., to drive a|*
the so-called: ‘bolle “Inspection | railway in the state of Michigan | sharp bargain for.the berefit of
Haw." fi Under the tens oe thle today. in the light of your very | the public, sand thereby acqiire ce
aw, the chief inapector: ash- | drastic taxation: methods, ..Un-| merit in. the pubhe estimations! qa. sotice: tat deemee M Riddle”

-ine|doubtedly yon ean. hold on to| but, after all, f the legislatures os" Delungham, “Wash,” éonieusion
what you havé. got; because aj or commissiona take this view, it/ intends to apply for petmission to pur.
railway isn’t like-a factory—it|is a very. short-sighted view, . be- chase the following described. lands: : ,
co I BA w ot in |can’t pull up stakes and go some:| cause obviously’ if. railway busi-| .cthwcet cca ae tot aoe ee
ee ey OTT a “at- ; m1, a que9- | where else, ’: Even though it may | ness is unprofitable and continues | eq J.-M. R., S.1. corner, thence north
* Restrictive Legislation from Honably safe to rune: a be unfortunately located and in. that condifian ; for trea 40 chains, ‘west 0 chains, peuth 40 a
View’: sore i ; | known, all boilets are:bui h|prove to its owners ‘a liability, | years, the public interests of the | chains, more or less, adina viver, |
a P. omt “ View. of Transpor cussion, what the causes of that]a very large factor-of safety, F 1d | rather than an ‘asset, it must. zo country will suffer, ‘just:as the ome fchieencoe Madina. river tp
_ tation. Companies, _..|faiture havé-been.--" | perfeetion in a locomotive™ béiler | on and on, assessing and reassess | interests of you gentlemen -have| peres more or less.
Bo De Re eT is not to be expected. A.modern |ing tts owners ‘until enough mon-'suffered .this winter. . You ‘are| Api
REMEDY: IN CO-OPERATION

sibel eros os

cluding the railways;is necessary

7 ~"PaND: WoTICES
jand desirable;. The only differ- PAN ICES

“Omineea Land ‘District: ©’ District
* of- Coast, Ran pete

“In -my“humble opinion; the
causes—statéd in'a few. words—'
are these; : First, that the rail-
ways have been starved by re-

i) oy . : :
; vinte: April é, 1912,-_. Jasper M. Riddles ~~.’
locomotive boiler has from” 1,200 | ey has been put in the foundation | calling a convention here to find] — 42. - MLC. Wanlich; agent. -
to 1,500 staybolts, between 4.and/to make a superstructure which |out what thetroubleis, You are|—-—~—~—~ —
5 inches-apart; on.all sides‘of:the | will sustain itself. oe --\calling on me for an expression |’ Omineca Land :District, |
of opinion, and admit that my.

District |
of Coaat; Range Vo0 ie 6
Take notice. that Swan ‘Hawkins of

-

Is a favorite theme with a cer-

“. “shown’...uneommon' , resourceful-

—_ seorhmonly difficult ‘conditions,-

"Noone has to’ tell railway

_ Railroad Business is not All Profit,.ssys
” . President:of Wabash—Difficultics of
Managers Who’Are Confronted with

“ Modern Legislative Regulation _ of

“Road oy an

. & railway. man’s view of the
: relations between the public ‘and
the ‘railways, as giver by F, A.
‘Delano, president .and . receiver
of:the Wabash railrgad: |. - =»
“Business men and prominent
manufacturers, of Michigan have
met. together ‘in. convention, - to
ask the question, “What: is the
:matter with the railways?”; Tam
_ here today,. by invitation, to give
’ .an anawer to: this question” az ‘J
“seed so
.- Most railway men ‘would - like
_.toreply that the railways-are all
-right;, that they ‘neither need
your help. or your sympathy: but
the fact ofthe matter is. that

_ they. are not all: right, and that.
» ‘the national policy of this country]. «

- ‘geemg to be. to reduce them ‘to:
-; Starvation. In any” starvation |
"process, of (course, it is’ obvious
-that those ‘with ample resources
will survive a good, deal loriger.
“than those that are poor. . This
fy no less.true of. railways than
.  of:individuals. . th. this connec-
“tion “it would be amusing, : if- it
were not so sad to’ see the fre-
quent references in the public
- prints, magazines, etc., .to the
_earelessness of railway managers
‘in. letting. their. property — run
‘down,:It-is said, with a great,
‘show. of wisdom, that the. rail-

-.. :waya-should. put’ their -property
" -:fa splendid ‘condition. during ‘the

_ summer, repair all their locomo-
“tives and. cars, so as to be in good
= "gondition te ‘go through the win-
~ ter.:, Unfortunately, the railway.

. “Manager, with interest: char ea
“anda payroll to rneet must “cut
shia: garment according to’ his
“gloth.?'. "Many: .of them - have

“eas in -getting along: under.:un-

“-sput when all-facilities have been.
“strained to the ‘utmost, ‘and on.
“top of that we have a winter like
“the: one’ just past, a complete

collapse ensues, and the ‘demor-
aliaztion ‘is sometimes so great

--that the public marvels at the

~ jutter“lack of foresight. on . the

. \part-of the-railway officials.
 “[-do not claim that railway ‘offi-
“@ials are more far-seeing or wiser
‘than:the rank and. file of ten

_ “~lwho: “manuge.'. the ..commercial,
--iméreantile .and - manufacturing

-buginess‘of the country, I. do:
contend that”: they “average -.up

with the rest. They come from.

“the same general stock,.and their

-* gducation—whether in book-

, learning or iri. the school. of hard.

. :knocks—is equal to that of other.

- men. “So far as I know, they
“work just as. hard. It, is only
‘fair'to assume that they are fully
yp to the average of intelligence.

-man that: if he doesn’t put his
motive power in'good condition,
he is bound to. suffer when bad
weather comes, or when, he*has

_. a rush of business; He- knows
‘that perfectly ‘well. The inevi-
table question. with him always.
“cis, “Where is the money coming
-from?? If he doesn’t make a
good showing in low operating
-" expenses-and a safe margin be-
“tween expensed and earnings,
~his credit, suffers and he cant
- borrow anymore money to buy
. new cars dnd engines, The con-
stant question with every railway |

- manager is how.cloge he ean cut
“his.expenses and still not go be-
« *youd the danger line of a safe re-
i ‘gerve.' [fast winter“had been
a hormal winter,.or, like: some of

. the winters we have had recently,
~ abnormally mild, most. of the rail-
_~ ways in the.coifntry would -have
: comeé through quite ‘comfortably.
_Itgo happened thatit was an ab-
normally bad winter, and, there-

’ fore,” even roads that way. well
‘equipped suffered ‘seriously... In-
: deed, ‘it is a remarkable’ thing,
*, ‘which most rallwaymmen fully ap-
* preciate, that the margin is very
= narrow between close and. Buc-
_ cessful operation on the one hand
and’ overloaded ‘facilities, . with
ceaiobalized. -opération, on. the
“RAILWAY REGULATIONS".
“Moat “thinkiig: men today,
whether in railway service or not,
aré:conviriced that the régulation

:Jextent... Even the strongest and

‘Ta new. pafr of shoes, he manages

"16-hour law,’’ under. which no

that the 16-hour law: was  desir-
able or even necessary,:‘the éffect

of this length’ over -single-track

. | Another law which was urged

ductions in. rates, . and° by | in-
creases'in .taxes,. Wages and cost
of materials, toa point where the
margin betweer income and out-
go has diminished to an alarming

most fortunately located railways
of the‘countey have suffered a
serious shrinkage in net'earnings,
and their credit has theréby been'
impaired, whereas, weaker and
less fortunate roads have been

pushed to the wall. *- °° 0.7.4.
been that

.. The effect of this has

the railways have done just what
any’ individual. or’ corporation.
would do: | They -have .had to
skimp-wherever they could. Like
the-man who can’t afford to buy

to make the ald pair do the work.
If the-old- pair happens to be
pretty thin in the soles. and’ the.
winter proves to be very cold, he
‘suffers in- consequence... .. -

“The. second. and very. obvious
cause of the trouble has been re-
strictive laws to which railways
have been: forced tv. accede.
These are: . First’ the .sd-called.

engine or.trainmen.can.be kept
in service :longer: than’ sixteen’
hours without’ rest. Granting,
at least for the sake of argument,

of it 18 as.follows: The railway
divisions. usually are adjusted for
runs of126 to 175 “miles, the
average being not far from 150
miles. “Coarse and heavy—that
is to say, drag freight: trains (in
contradistinction to merchandise
and perishable traing) make rung

roads, allowing fordelays in pas-
aing tracks, ata speed of from
10 to'12 miles per hour, including
detentions, - 1t will thus be seen |-
that.under normal conditions the.
division willbe covered-in .from
15 ‘to 16 houra; but longer, than
this when. the conditions’ aré

abnormal or congested, : |

Without question, this was ‘a
long day’s work; but under nor-
mal ‘conditions, thé - men -who
miade the run-kad a long rest at
the end of it, - When .the 16-hour
law came itito effect: the railways
were forced to'one of two alter-
natives; Either to change the.
length of their engine. rung,
which involyed a very large: ex-
pense, or to run the trains lighter
(that-is to say, with less tonnage)
80 that'they would make>higher
speed. between division “ points; )-
and, ja few-cases, to cut the
divisions. in- two—a very. expen-|.
sive expedient of the rule impos-
ed by engine’ ‘and trainmen upon
the roads that a minimum pay of
100. miles.a day. shall be paid,
even if less: than. 100: miles is
made; -in- other. words, the’ so-
called. “*bonus mileage’? rule, .
In a severe. winter, suchas we
have gone through, the experi-
ence of every railway has been
that all_expedients have. broken
down. “Engineers and :conductors
firemen and -brakemen, have on
reaching a side-track or passing
track at the end of 16 hours, noti-
fied the despateher—as the Jaw
permits them-to do—that their 16
hours were up and have. deliber-
ately abandoned their’ trains... I
suppose it is snfe to. say that
there isn'ta, road north of the
Ohio river that hasn’t bad many
of its trains thus. abandoned and
frozen up... The: splendid esprit
de .corps ‘which used to. exist,
where the engine and train. crew
would keep going, and, like’ the
captain on the bridge of An océan
steamer, bring the train into her
port," is a myth of the past;
and, worse than this, ene of the
effects of trades unionism’ and
meddling legislation between the
employer and the employee fas
‘heen that in such severe weather
ad. we have recently -had-the. old
and. well-tried men have laid ‘off;
‘that is, demanded furloughs, ani
thé railway has had. to all on ite
younger.‘ and less experienced |
meén:to man its trains, Small
wontler that it cost.a number..of
well-conditioned trunk ‘ines in
January last more to operate than
they received in: gross earnings,
‘Tuk: BOILER INSPECTION Law:

by the*trades union. element: in.
Congress; and. which—while un-|
doubtedly: well meant by many-df.

of public service corporation 8, inv

the men’ Who: voted for Ht—has:

firebox, -Under. the ‘law, ::five
broken stayholts are sufficient:to
condemn anengine.’ .This meana
that a locomotive boiler must:be
more than-99 per cent.’ perfect:to
meet approval; and yet it-is-safe
to. say that no’ high-pressure
boiler.can be cooled and reheated
again (as it. must be for each
washing out) without: breaking
atleast thia number of staybolts.
In my early railway experience
in locomotives shops, we ‘used to
consider. that if there were not
more. than. & .gtaybolts: in one
cluster-broken, the. engine-.was
safe; and I do not recall the burst-
ing of a boiler due to. broken
stay bolts in the side sheet of ‘an
engine. -The worst’ effect.'of
such broken. staybolts. would be
the bulging of the sheet and.con-
sequent serious leakage’ of’ the
engine. vee

gine, j a
he'bursting of a fire tube or

Tue-16-HouR.LAW mo, flue in-an engine is a very com-

Widi thing, andin old daya it used
to be considered a good practice
to plug sucha flue and to run the
engine until the damage could be
repaired.’ Under the rules ‘today,
no-engine is permitted to run out
of'a terminal. with a burst flue.
Thus without going inte further
details, it is safe.to say that the
present law in regards to bciler
‘inspection. will require the. rail-
ways of the country to maintain
from.-15 to 25 per Cent. more
power to move the same volume
of freight ‘than was fornierly
necessary, and yet this law’ be-
came’ effective at very “short
notice. ,
. A number: of cther laws have
added very much to the coat of

railway operation and maifiten-

ance, such, for example, as. the
safety appliance act, -in. regard
to freight:cara, themail compen-
sation ordér, the. automatic: ash.
pan law, the steel mail ‘car ‘law,
states, 9 Soe fe

\ HCoNomic CONDITIONS." ._
. It is, perhaps, unriecessary to
dwel] on the fact that the cost‘of
living has increased: in ‘the last
five or ten, years and that the
railways have felt this very seri-
ously. The principal ‘‘food’’. of
the railway is coal, ties, lumber,
steel rails, iron, ete. There has
been a. general .advance in the
price of practically all articles
used by railways, from the low
level of '98 to-the present day,

the third brakeman law in some.

with the one exception of cement. |

The advanee in’ the:¢ost..of coal
and in the cost of_ties-has been
very great in this period, The

railways have had nothing tooff- | #
set this advance in the cost of |}

material and in the cost of doing
business, except. economy in
railway service incident to the

increased volume of business and |:
.|increased. efficiéncy. of railway
operation— handling of larger}
train. unite ete,- But, in spite of
all efforts, it has heen impossible|'{/

tain class-of politicans to’ tell of
the fabulous profits of railways.
They do not. tell of the fortunes
that have been: lost in railways
of the frequent: reorganizations,
nor of the wiping out of the capi-
tal actually invested. . Because
we are a hopeful nation, and be-
cause there ig always’.a- fresh
erop of investor, coming . along,
there is always new. money to be
found to refinance an old property
or to float a new. one; but’ there
has been a marked checking of
the enthusiasm in this direction.
Few people, apart from ‘those
engaged in finance, comprehend
the constant requirement of rail-
ways for cash for development
work, ‘The needs of this country
in normal years are not far from
five hundred millions: per year,
Now, this money must be drawn
from the investor—the banker,
the trustee, the insirance com-
pany and the savings. bank—by
the issuance of securities, backed,
bya valid promise of repayment
of the principal and a fair rate of
interest on theinvestment. The
railway connot sell securities—
that is to say, borrow money—
without credit, it has no credit
untess its operations show a fair
profit; it eannot shaw a fair profit
if starved and strangulated by
legislation; and who suffers most?
The public,. whose :servants the
legislatures and commissions are,
In this endless chain of circum-
stance, what is the answer?

CONCLUSIONS

My conclusion is that the only
remedy in the situation is ¢o-op-
eration, The railways do not
complain of supervision so long
aa.that supervision is intelligent
and takes a fair share of the re-
sponsibility for ita acts. When
a man or a body of men negotiate
for an interest which they repre-
‘sent, itis theiy’ duty to do the
best they can for their client; but
it.is never advisable to’ press the
‘bargain.so far that the service
‘demanded cannot: be performed
under. the conditions of. the
bargain. * Coos
~. There:ig such a thing: ag ““kill-
ing the goose that lays the golden
eggs.”? Railway men. sometime
complain {and | certainly - with
some show of justice) that the
legislature and commissions have

spreading.

b

sults for all.

will become
better, :

‘rectly
‘conditions for -the railways.
this way, and-perhaps in no other
way, will this hostile legislation
against the railways cease—leg-
islation which with each succeed-
ing year puts upon them new
burdens and exactions, yet affords
no means to the railway manager
for increasing earnings or dimin-
ishing expenses,

Perhaps we shall

we would

opinion igs an .‘ex. parte’. state-;
ment of the case; but I havetried
to be frank and straight
with you. 7:

But in the consideration of this:
question it would not be for the.
manufacturing and commercial
interests to. think. that the idea
of ‘government regulation
No. corporation can.
exist except by reason of charter
rights from the government.
There is seareely a corporation
but' what sustains some public
relation, and to which the broad
and elastic phrase so often used
by the courts, “affected with a
ublic use,’? applies.. From little
eginnings we shali soon find a
greater and greater disposition | 287
to extend the limits of corporate
control. and” supervision.
while I shudder to think of the
multiplication of government
bureaus, I think it is the duty of
business men to study the pro-
blem in its broadest sense and
try to work out some method of
partnership between public’ in-j:
terests and. private
which shall produce the best re-
In the case of the
railways, I think it would be
-well.for the public to see that. it
is essential that the capital in-
vested in railways should-yield a
fair return and that unless. this
condition exists, railways will be
starved to death, and. service
poorer, .ingtead of

forward:
+ 4

is

‘And,.

control,

never insti}
‘into the mind of the public this
idea of the absolute need of co-
operation, unless there is an
actual sharing of the profits. If,
in lieu of taxation, the public
could have a share in the net
profits (as is done in Chicago in.
the case of the street railways),
come nearer to fair
conditions for all and the public
‘would appreciate that they were
not only indirectly, but also di-i

interested . in. prosperous |-——— —— 7
“Tn.|° Omineca Land District, Districtof

4chaing- more or léss; thence no

.{chaing more or ‘less to

Stationery =|

~~ ’ AS

ih the last few years.to stem-the|:

tide’in many: cases, Railway
freight rates have been substan-
tially stationat'y for'a number. of
years. .Up ta 8 or 10 years ago
they moved progressively down-
ward, Perhaps dome yates are
too high today; and ‘railway men
would be inclined to admit. this
in particular cases; but with. the
public attitude opposed to the ad-
vancing of any rate, tio traffic
manager or executive. officer
would dare to lower a rate, even
if he thought it-would encourage
the volume of business and con-

Passenger rates in all the stat
of the Middle West, and north of
the Ohio river, have been reduc-
ed, generally to 4 level of 2cents
per mile; and. yet the. demand of
communities for: low rates for
special occasions js just as great
as ever it was, It is almost un-
necessary to point out that in the
days when 3 cents was the regu-
lar fare for ordinary travel, the
railways were ready to give half
rates and even lower, for special
occasions,’ to stimulate travel ete:
but with the maximum fare -re--
duced {6 2 centa, it isn’t possible
to do this. :) i z
-To add to our other difficulties,:
railway taxation has advante
ateadily ypward for a long period
of time,.and in- this respect the
State of Michigan has taken the
Jead and has well nigh taxed the
Fall ways ‘out of @xistence. ft
would

je a bold man who would

~ TEIt Is To Be Printed

sequent earnings. ~~ nani

| 1.640 acres tore of lems, |.
‘April 9, 1912

}| Brewer of Hazelton, B,

‘| chains east to wast
thence following west bank of Bear -
river 80 chains more: or- less to. north .

| 8) chains, east 80 chains “to.

\for.

ing.
4° Commencin

Bellingham, Wn.,-‘contractor, intends: ~
to apply. for permission to purchase the -
following deseribed ‘lands. 2,
‘Commencing ata post planted about -
11-2 miles west of the head of Francvia -
lake, at the southwest corner of un- —
gazetted lot 4245, thenca north 40chaing,. —
weat 40 chains, south 40 chains more‘or
less to Nadina river, thenee eaat : fol--
lowing Tiver to Paint of commence-. _
ment, containing J6v acres more or less.
April 5, 1912. Swan Hawkins, ...
42. -  M. €. Wanlich, agent.

Omineca Land District. _Diatrict
~ of Coast, Range Vo -. 0:
Take notice that Swan Peargon of
Bellingham, Wash., railwaycontractor, -
intends.to apply for permiasion to pur-
chase the following described lands: -
, Commencing at & post planted about
two miles west of the head of Francois
lake, at the southwest corner of on-
etted lot 4244, thenco north 80
chains, west 80 chains, south 80 chains,
more or leas to Nadina river, thence
east. following river to point of com-
mencemeut. containing 640 acres more
or lesa. ce ‘
April 6, 1912. -_ Swan Pearson.
42 “ M. OC. Wanli¢h, agent, ~~

Omineca land pistrict, District
- of Coast, Range V. _
Take notice that’ John Matson’ of
Bellingham, Wn., -painter, intends to
apely for “permission to purchase the
following described janda:
Commencing at a post planted about.
Siniles west of 'the. head of Francois
lake, at the southwest corner of un
gazetted lot 4243,. thence. north 40
chains, west 40 chains, south 40 chains,
more or less to Nadina river, thence
east following river to point of com-
mencement, containing 160 acres more
or less. . ‘ _
April 5, 1912. . John Matson.
“ 42 + M. 0. Wanlich, agent.

Omineca Land District, District of

: Coast, Range IV. .

Take notice that Sarah E. Olslager
of Bellingham, Wn., married woman,
intends to apply for permission to pur-
chase the following described Landa: ~

Commencing ata post. planted at the
northwest corner of lot .2680, thence
south 40 chains, west 40 chains, north
4) chains, more or less to Nadina river,’
thence east following river to point of -
commencement, containing 167 acres.

more or lesé, .
April 5, 1912. Sarah E. Olslager..
- 42 MG Wanlich, agent,

. _ Cassiar.”
Take notice that Marcel Varicle of |
Seattle, Wn., dentist, intends to apply.
for permission to.purchase the follow. a
ing described lands: - ve
ommencing at & post planted at the.
southeast corner ‘of lot 2172, ‘thence
east 80 chains, south 80 chains, west 70
chains .more or less to north bank of —
Bulkley river, thence following north —
hank of Buliley river northwesterly 10
‘80
int of com~

| Mencement,” containing 640 seres-more

or less. ; . Boul
wApril 9, 1912, | 42 Marea! Varicle. —

.- Omineca Land District,’ District of
: Cassiar. : wt
that Wilbert Blliott.
C., laborer, in-'

Take - notice

- [tends to apply for permission to -_
|| chase the fall es a

allowing deseribed lan
Commencing ata post planted.-on
north bank of Bulkley river about 80. -
chains west of the southwest. corner of *
jot: 1066, thence 80 chaina north, -30
bank of Bear river,

river, thence following

bank of Bulkle
utiles - river. 60. chains

‘north bank of

|4aore or less to point of commencement, -

containing 500 acres more or leas,

: Wilbert Elliott Brewer.

“BT pens, 1912," «

_Omineca Land Distriet, District of

2, Gassiar. eo
Take notice that Alex. Moralea of -

| Anaheim, California, prospector, in-

tends to apply for permission to pur- |
chase the Thllowing described lands.

- Commencing at a post. planted . three
miles north and one-half mile west ‘of.
he northeast comer of lot 1962, thence
north 80 chaina, west 80 chains, south |”
int of.
commencement, containing - “gerea 7:
more or leas, Alex Morales... -
April 9, 1912. 4a... phovnes

. Omineca Land District: District of
woe - Caasiar. arn
“’ Take notice that Antonia: Friend of. . -

LS | Anaheim, Calif. married woman, in-

tends to apply for permiasion to pur-. -

chase the following’ described lands: i

~.. Commencing at. a post planted &
miles north ‘and 1-2'mile west of the
‘northeast corner’ of lot “1062, ‘thande
north eighty. chains, east eighty chains,
south eighty. chains, weat eighty ‘chains
to ‘point of commencement, containing

8 Antonia Frleni

Omineca Land District,
a _-  Cassiar.
:Take-notiee that: Frank
of Hazelton, minar, | intenda

rmission to purchase
escribed lands;

ata pos é

east bank of: i Skeona iver; about 1
mile northerly from fhe Junetl “of
Beur river, thence east 8fchaing, watith
80 chain, west 80 thaing, -mate.or lets,
to Skeena river, north SO ehalia; ‘indra.
or less following bank of Skee

‘| to point of commendcente
640 acres more oF leas:
Po A 1822, Fra