MOSCOW Sweeping changes in Soviet /@ivorce laws and the question iff capital punishment are be- Ng discussed here in connec- on with numerous changes in Viet legal procedure now un- er review. At the same time, ‘arp criticism has been direct- fd by the government paper 2Vestia at the legal theories of othe Yate Andrei Vyshinsky un- Aer which many “crude viola- tons” occurred. | New laws; now in the draft Stage, will make divorce chea- Per and speed up procedure. At Present the cost equals at least “WO months average pay. _ The new laws will also re- erse the present position un- of which a woman cannot ap- Ply to the courts to establish ye paternity of her child nor © claim alimony from a man © whom she is not married. It orllS felt that the present law does Thee in fact, strengthen family | These questions are, how- ver, only part of the general miScussion going on among law- #y&ts and the general public on ™ humber of legal questions in "Nich big changes are envisag- The Judicial Commission of © Soviet government, which 728 replaced the dissolved All- Nion Ministry of Justice, is ck °W preparing a draft of basic eek ong in judicial system Joviet Union debates capital punishment ~ -| principles to govern the new Criminal Code, Civil Code and Code of Court Procedure to be enacted by each of the 15 re- publics. These basic principles will include decisions on maximum prison sentences which can be imposed and on whether capi- tal punishment is. to be re- tained. At the moment public opin- ion appears to be divided on the question of capital punish- ment between those who say it should be abolished altogether in peacetime and those who say it should be retained for cases of premeditated brutal murder. The new laws will also lay down at which stage in the in- terrogation of an accused per- son defense council will have the right to intervene. As part of the decentraliza- tion in the legal field decided on by the last session of the Supreme Soviet, the 15 indi- vidual republics now have greatly extended judicial rights. Many matters previously within the competence of the All-Union Supreme Court will be transferred to the republi- can Supreme Courts and many matters previously within the exclusive competence of mili- tary courts will now be tried by ordinary civil courts. MChina corrects faults . By ALAN WINNINGTON PEKING pas iba Last week the chairman of China’s Supreme People’s Court t ie eee of justice had occurred L Muring the cleaning up of spe- oir@lal agents and these had been vh@"estigated and corrected, or ona’€re being corrected. ree of, He quoted chairman Mao tha, S€-tung’s directive that “not “agile innocent person must » €r.” As a result of expos- ie enemy agents, the class di, 88le had relaxed and “‘the ing = of dictatorship had nar- f Ved,” Tung Pi-wu said. hy, China had been able to ex- aliDoliti democracy and_ restore Wreyicce, Tights to half those ~-Ylously deprived of them. us -utlp, U@Ndlords and enemies of ‘W.. people in the countryside mi ratiy now working in coop- Ba r s and others in the cities na) — trained-and found jobs. a Shad included some ea *ongful arrests, illegal deten- f0I0E gj Nd illegal maltreatment oivac eminals, but also included umtlog poe undue leniency and ~~~ 800d living conditions. a former interior minister in Chiang Kai-shek’s government th Praised the rapid development of China’s legal system, but Id it still left much room for improvement. Tung Pi-wu, supreme court chairman, said a few miscar- Chiang’s former minister, who severely criticised the le- gal system last year, said it was rapidly improving and that all his criticisms had been dealt with. But in recent inspections in South China he _ had found other faults due to local offi- cials violating the law which itself wa’ fundamentally good. He found some cases of de- fendants’ rights being infring- ed and rights of public hear- ings, adequate representation a appeal not being ‘carried out. But ‘a serious attitude was being taken to correct suspect- ed miscarriages by people’s courts as a result of reinvesti- gation. Both these legal - experts made proposals to speed up improvement of China’s legal system and +> ensure protec- tion of legal rights before the courts. PRIME MINISTER STRIJDOM AHEAD OF U.S. IN CARDIAC SURGERY South African gov t forces new apartheid Despite resistance from all the CAPETOWN Opposition groups, the South African government of Prime Minister Johannes Strijdom has forced through the Union parliament the first reading of its bill to segregate all African and Indian students. The bill, directed especially against Capetown and Wit- watersrand Universities which allow Africans to study along with European students, would force all non-Europeans in fu- ture to attend separate col- leges, which would be under special government control. It provides for the “estab- lishment, maintenance, man- agement and control of uni- versity colleges for non-white students to certain university institutions.” The staff of both the uni- versities affected have bitter- ly opposed the bill as injurious to all education in South Af- rica. So has the South African LONDON machine, said ahead of the surgery, costs A heart-lung to put Britain U.S. in cardiac only $1400. Details of the machine, which has enabled patients to survive for up to 20 minutes after the heart has stopped, were issued this week. The ap- paratus has been developed by Guy’s Hospital Thoracic Re- search Unit in London and is being used’ by Sir Russell Brock, the heart surgeon, for patients whose life would de- finitely be finished in measur- able time but for an operation. The pump unit has been sup- plied by American manufac- turers, but the heating system to keep the blood at constant body temperature, has been de- veloped by General Electric Company. During an operation the pa- tient’s circulatory system is first stabilised through the oxygenerator, then the heart is arrested. Once the heart ceases to function the oxygen- ator takes over completely. the blood, by means of metal fingers, from the venous end of the heart into translucent tub- th heart into translucent tub- ing which is receiving oxygen. Blood from coronary sinus is also pumped separately in- to the main circuit. The tubing is fed to a “defoamer” so that bubbles in the blood can be eliminated. xs On. leaving the defoamer the blood is passed along a 12 ft. length of the translucent tub- Gopalan NEW DELHI The second Communist MP was returned to the All-India parliament last week when. it was announced that A. K. Go- palan was re-elected for a Ke- rala constituency, defeating his Independent opponent. Gopalan is ithe leader of the Communist Party group in the Lok Sabha, the Indian House of Commons Students’ Union. The Opposition United party took what was for it the un- usual step opposing even the first reading of the bill, which is usually only formal, in order to “register its pro- test” from the very start. (In Moscow last week the Soviet Communist party paper Pravda editorially denounced apartheid (segregation) in South Africa as “the marriage of fascism and colonialism. It is brutal, aggressive and fraught with the danger of war,” it said.) Britain has new heart-lung device ing, warmed to body tempera- ture, and then “milked” into the left subclavian artery by another pump machine. At the outset of an operation the tubing is “charged” with 1000 cc of donor blood to give sufficient supply until the pa- tient’s circulatory system has been stablised through the oxy- genator.. In fact, the machine takes over the function of the heart, the blood supply to the brain and body continuing normally. re-elected In the results for the state assembly in Kerala the Com- munist party still maintains its lead. Up to March 10 it had won 31 of the 126-seat assem- bly, compared with 25 for the Congress party.. In West Bengal, where 22 seats in the State Assembly so far have been announced, the Congress party has 13 and the Communist party three. SaaS * the recent Cairo conference. SES The heads of state of four Arab countries take the salute at a military parade held during From the left to right they are: King Saud of Saudi Arabia, President Kuwatly of Syria, King Hussein of Jordan, Colonel Nasser of Egypt. MARCH 22, 1957 — PACIFIC TRIBUNE—PAGE 3