as - Page2, The oman March1,1984 0 daily herald Published every weekday af 3010 katum Street, Terrace, 8.C.s-by-Sterling>'Publishers itd. Authorized as second class mall. Registration Number 1203. ostage paid in cash, return postage guarantees “Terra ce: *- (635-6357. Circulation: 635-4000 Publisher ‘David Hamilton _ Editor: " “Advertising Sates: Brian Gregg Nick Walton’ _ Staff Weiter-Photographer: Sports: Ralph Reschke Holly Olson Reception-Classified: Circulation: ; ClalreWadley Sue Boofen = ca _ NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT 4 The Herald retains full, complete and sole copyright : in any advertisement produced and-or any editortal or photographic content published in the Herald. Reproduction Is not permitted without the written permission of the Publisher. our The Terrace-Kitimat Dally Herald Newspaper Ip politicatly independent and a member of the British © Columbla Press Council. SET ID eS sia Letters to the Editor cli ‘To the Euitor, . : So the Socreds want to spend the money they “saved” ‘from the teachers’ strike on testing, curriculum and -computers, do they? 1 ignore the three million our of 12.6 “for Special Ed as they had to have one goody to feed to the -media. * Well, let me tell you about testing. : Johnny Smith comes into Grade 3 ata Level 4 reading clevel. For those of you who don’t know about the level -system, Level 4 is, according to the all-wise department of ‘education and our slot-oriented school system, below what zis expected of a Grade 3 student, But Johnny has already zbeen “held back” once and cannot be held back again. So ‘he goes into Grade 3 with Level 4, + Johnny has trouble with comprehension, phonics, :epelling, sentences, capitalization, punctuation, word “recognition - he definitely needs individual attention, But ‘thet teacher has 24 other children who,ejther. need or. deservi attention to¢.So Johitiny ii pit into a small reailing grou each of the children having different reading problems from the ‘others, Two are.learning English as a second”. language, one has a hearing probiem, one has a behavioural problem... Once aweek Johnny goés to a learning assistant - whois expecting tobe axed any week by the government aa a superfluity in education, - Slowly the teacher is bringing Johnny around. He-She is building his self-confidence go that Johnny feels more at ease with reading, doesn’t chew his pencil nervously or disturb those around him because he ia bored or frustrated. Daily the teacher watches Johnny’s progress, marks his exercises and listens to his speech, Weekly there is some | test or quiz to formally test his skills in Language Arts. Johnny's parents can come in at any time to find out about his progress,. Fortunately he has concerned parents and they do check on hia progress regularly, finding out how they can help. The parents know how Johnny is doing, the’ principal knows how Johnny is doing, the teacher knows how Johnny is doing. But the government wants to know exactly where thiskid Stands in the level system. They don’t necessarily care about the means, just the end, So here come the tests. The — teacher must read exactly the directions in the test, the children must perform in a certain period of time and the presaure ison. Just the sort of pressure Johnny has trouble with, So he does poorly, He has never been a fast worker so he misses alot of’ questions he might have answered, He iso nervous he gets confused and is unable to answer other questions he nor- mally gets right. Not exactly a fair Indication of Johnny's progress, And the more weight that is attached to this test, the more unfair it becomes - unfalr not only for grade three, ' _ but any grade. But, as long as the government knows where he stands in their terms, that's alright. They don’t'trust the teacher, the parents or the principal for an accurate assessment. Only their tests, researched andccompiled by some new breed of educational theorist, (remember, there are only | educational theories, not facts) are an accurate assessment of your children. You see, the Socreds like to deal in paper, Ink, machines, computers, buildings, railway and transit aystems, But they are obviously repulsed by humans. They don’t like to listen to what people have to say and they certainly don’t like the sound of groaning. Another round of curriculum, more testa, computers (regardless if there are teachers to explain them or not) film strips - butno humanity, It is a cold day in the history of British Columbia when human contact is expendable. To support the Social Credit in their cold-hearted machlne-like mentality Is utter selfishness. and irresponsibility, Does anyone wonder what the half a million’ for miscellaneous is for? . Yours sincerely, Brenda Silsbe To the Editor, ; ‘ The actions taken by some persons at our local sawmills _ in the past week, to deprive others of their legal rights by- mob action and stormtrooper tactics, has to be deplored by decent people in the community, , The fact that these actions were Jed and urged on by some members of the local business community is to me, in- comprehensible, as 1 ain purg that if g mop showed up at their doors to interfer Ith thelt* legal rights, they would scream to high heav bout their lost rights, and un- doubtedly would receive prompt and proper. protection from our legal system? Unfortunately the youth of our and other communities have had it dramatically pointed out to them, once again, that the laws and righis of others may be abnegated by force. , pores Ci -celebration in 1967. _ will be remembered for his personal style.. But the flickering love affair. ‘that kept him ‘in: power tor " almost 16 years has gone cold. “‘Trudeaurriania “is: alale history. - . a “Trudeau elched hia mark on the couniry ‘through four " terms as prime minister and a brief purgatory in: dpposilion —_only toretire with his personal. Popularity and that’ of the Liberal party in tatters. Debate will continue for years on how his record as ‘priine minister stacked up against the promise he held out when he pinned a rose in his lapel and captured the Spirit, -of a country still drunk on the heady brew: of: its’ centennial Trudeau's {wo most concrete legacies bracket his career. ‘French was made an official language," along’ “with . _Engtish, during his first term. And he finally achieved. his lifelong. dream’ in. "1082. : - Patriation of the Constitutlon severed. the final. ‘colonial links. with Britain and launched what.may. be -a ‘lengthy transformation of Canadian political and judicial life with OS its entrenched Charter of Rights and Freedoms... oe . NOTED FOR STYLE : But beyond whet he did or did not accompli, ‘rua Worldly, stylish, fluently bilingual, arrogant, ‘and. often ’ irreverent: People loved hirh or hated him with a passion, ‘ar grew to shrug Trudeau-style at his eccentricities, . He did back-flips into swimming pools and wore gandals * in Parliament, a modern and magnetic contrast in 1068 to stodgy politicians before him. Trudeau, who always had-a taste for glamorous women, intrigued the country by marrying a woman half his age. and fathering three sona, two of them born @ on ‘Christmas : Day. Dot Then he evoked sympathy even from his harshest critics “with his dignified silence as Margaret left him; went public - with the steamy details of their life and finally filed for ' divorce, |” WARMLY. WELCOMED Ton! Canadians, eager for their own Kennedy-siyle Camelot, embraced Trudeau in 1968 as if he could make good on Sir Wilfrid Laurier’s prediction that the 20th century youtd belong to Canada, Yet great expectations are the hardest to fulfil, specially ’ when they collide with the limita of pragmatic politics, and a growing Bap waa perceived between his thearles and ils ‘acts. Trudeau came to ‘Ottawa to give his native: Quebec’ a stronger role. Yet separatism flourished and the Partl Quebecois came to power during his tenure. Federalist forces won the 1980 sovereignty-aszociation _Yeferendum but arch-rival Rene Levesque,- however wounded, remains at the helm jn Quebec: City, National unity and strong central government were two of Trudeau's themes, Yet the pull t6 the centre antagonized the regions, leaving no provincial Liberal government in office. s Newfoundlanders, talked about dropping. out of: Con- federation and a western separatist movement blossomed briefly. In his Jast election, only two Liberal MPs were - elected west of Ontario. INTRODUCED ACT +. aed An ayowed cavill valiggstarian, atill he 16 implemented the ‘War Measures Act “during the 1970 October crisis. in Quebec “which allowed police to arbitrarily arrest hundreds of in- ‘nocent people. 2 And his government declined to presi. ‘charges after the. "RCMP was found to have used dirty: tricks, ‘burned a ' Quebec barn and opened mail illegally. : Trudeau preached participatory ‘gemocracy during: his early years, yet ‘his later governments were accused of . secrecy and avoiding Parliament. by overuse of cabinet powers, Rank-and-file Liberals complained they were squeezed. out by top advisers like Jim Coutts and Senator Keith Davey and by the expanded prime minister's office. ‘Political oppanents accused him of politicizing the civil service. contributors at 24 Sudsex Drive, thé prime minister’ 8 of- ficial residence. “He was a millionaire whose reputation for pinching his own pennies didn’t extend to the public purse, . SPENDING JUMPED - Inflation accounted for only a portion of the ninefold ; _ Jump in federal spending, to more than $0 billion a year, during the Trudeau years. : It cost almost, $700 last year for every man, woman and child just to pay interest on the $120-billion accumulated . federal debt. Paying it off in one fell SWOOP | would cost n average $4,897 -for every Canadian. _': Trudeau’s.personal motto was Reason Before Passion, | but the latter often prevailed: He flashed his infamous © middle finger at protesters, told striking truck drivers to “mangez de la merde” and. uttered a profanity in - Parliament that he claimed was oily “fuddle duddle."’ His popularity slipped at home but ‘Trudeau, by then the elder statesman of the western world, won’ a. ‘respectful hearing abroad during his late 1983 peace initiative, and for - | ~ his high-profile crusade in 196i to increase sharing between rich and poor ‘nations, Reasons far his domestic unpopularity range from legitimate differences over policy :to more emotional complaints that he was trying’ to shove. French, metric measurements or some form of socialism down unwilling - throats. TIME TO CHANGE? Grievances accumulate over the ests and some voters ; just thought he and his cronies had been around too long. Yet the 1979 election was the ‘only one of five that Trudeau | lost. Aiter only three years in federal politics, including a high- profile stint as justice ‘minister, he won the _Ciberal leadership in April 1968. . Two months later, he rode a wave of popular acclaim to the majority government that eluded predecessor Lester Pearson in the thrée previous elections. Trudeau was cut back to a minority in 1972, won another majority in 1974, lost 1o the Conservatives under Joe Clark in - 1979, then came back from his Planned retitemient After the Torles fumbled away power to win-his third majority in’ 1980. Now, leas than four years: tater, public opinion. polls suggest the Liberals will need a miracle to beat Brian’ Mulroney's Tories, And there is little solace tor the party on the provincial scene, There were. four Liberal provincial: governments when Trudeau came to power in 1968, Now there are none. Quebec Liberals appear to be forging a comeback under | . resurrected leader Robert Bourassa, but the party igbarely ‘breathing in the West, BORN IN 1919 : Trudeau was born Oct. 18, 1919, into a Montreal tamily ».. Whose wealth afforded him a good education and the chance OTTAWA. (cP) ~ Pierre Elliott Feud kindled . . Canada’s imaginat{on in 1948 with the right’ mix of flam- - boyance ‘and fresh ideas to match the hopes of a Country _ bursting optimistically Into its second centurye.. |v . alations He’ Bold them to Imperial Oil in:1032 for $1.4 million ” Was 18,85" . received’‘a' “Classical Roman" Catholic. education. -He is: : editor of a ‘youth movement paper, Gerard Pelletier, and, . Marchand: as the Three Wise Men from ‘Quebec. Like most. Quebec intellectuals of the’ ilme, Trudeau op-. posed conscription of Canadians for overseas ‘service and | ‘he did not fight in the Second World War'-— a fact em-- -broidered - ‘upon and used against ‘him later by political. _ Montreal, - “London School: of ' Economies, he began a. solitary ‘trip ‘ around the world full of adventures that became Patt: of the. Maurice Duplessis. — 4 ‘Journal Cite libre, managed. his father's estate and “giftutional faw'in' 19ei* Federation. ot its’ successor, the New Democratic Party, . commit himself, then came to disagree with NDP ideology. _ decision to enter federal polities. Canada through separatism and the other wad to make sure ’ thet ‘Canada - wouldn’t . shove | Quebec. out through - . NWarrowmindedness.” His calls for a Just Society at the start ‘and restraint : toward the end were ignored by some who criticized him for - frequent trips abroad anda swimming pool built by private - : years later. - . Appointed justice minister i in 1967, he. made his. first big... “mark with bills to make divorce : easier and to relax laws on .the latter: “The state has- “no Place | in the bedrooms of the -didacy ag something that had started in the media ag “g i huge ‘practical Joke on the Liberal party.” - : “ballot; beating seven others, including John Turner; now - - moment.came-when demonstrators: hurled bottles: at bis |: Montreal. Trudeau + “typically refused - ‘to Jeave, earning . _ election, electing 155 Liberals, 72 Conservatives, 22 New 2 Democrats, 4 Creditistes and, one ¢ independent, ; ~ voters: “We are not promising things to everybody and Wwe . gre not sesing. Breat visions,” His image and, proinpamr _ cements about a Just Sociely raised them. anyway, dining: the October. crisis of i97d. ot : commissioner ‘James Cross and: Quebec Labor. Minister wad found dead, _ ¥et hindi. suggests Trudeau and the’ authorities cverreacted. « i ‘ection when me Convervatives. came within a halr of ” nder Robeft Stanfield. The Social Credit party got 11 while hil with 3 cares ce wont an cr were: etl into. ie hecame mote © ambative, ‘telling ‘an interviewer His father, Charles Emile. Trudeau, WAS a fapmer’ 6 son two months aiter.the election: “J’'m that particular kind of , raon who doesn't like to be kicked out x don’t: milnd ‘who. became a lawyer and: the owner of-a string of ‘gas Paving but I don’t like to be thrown out.”./ becoming more of a politician, His per- 9 at wae toned down, cabinet was shuffled’ and his office was reorganized on a mere political footing. » L - Pushed to the back burner were the lengthy. exercises in ‘rational planning which ‘Trudeau initiated in 1968 as part of the most sweeping 4 attempt ever to racdetiiae | the W 8 “of Canadian government.” ‘After 19 months of: minority government, the ‘Liberals ‘engineered thelr own defeat in May. 1874, opening th “for -a July. election. , . * The Tories, early favorites, were caught on the e enaive “over plana for wage and price controls. 7 : Stanfield tried -to clarify his sometimes “confusing and invested wisely. H He died two years: later when Trudeau His. mother, the férmer’ Gracé: Elliott ‘who died: in. 1973, was of French and Scottish: descent and spoke both French . and English. Trudeau haa an older, sister, Suzette, and a. younger brother,’ ‘Charles. - oy a - “My father taught me order ahddiseipline;” he once said. “And. my mother: taught me freedom: and fantasy.’”: At 13, Trudeau-entered Colleye Jean de Brebeuf, dn elite . centre for: the’ Jesuit, tesiching order I in. Quebec, where: he: remembered : ‘as bright, ‘argumentative and prankish. . 1A frall child, Trudeau threw himself into Sports ~— ini: dividual rather than team —‘and set the tone for a: lifelong’. _ proposal, but Trudeau, accused him of planning aa ‘freeze ‘physical discipliie, - "| wages. “Zap, you 're frozen”. wa his. campalgn ; oa “STILL. ACTIVE .. : aot GOT. MAJORITY. © Voters gave Trudeau another majority: 141 seats to 05 tor “the Tories, 16 for the NDP and 11 for Social | Credit. AY year Tater Trudeaw introduced his own controls? ° Things quickly soured, however. Inflation: and: urlem- ployment rose, Turner, the helt apparent, : resigned and ‘scandal overtook several cabinet ministers: ' ; . On a personal: front, Trudeau's miarvinge’ began to : - disintegrate in full public view. -Trudean graduated. with ‘Honors in. law’ from ° the" - Margaret stayed on the sidelines in the first years after Univeraily of Montreal and wag called to‘the bar‘in 1944, their 1971 marriage ‘before emerging as a happy, ‘and ef: ‘fective campaigner in‘ the 1974 election. “She suffered a nervous. breakdown later that “Year, however, and complained afterwards to an interviewer about those ‘damn: brown -boxes” of government. documents her husband brought home from work. each ‘night, “They consume him." oe ‘GIVEN ACCESS — . Pierre ‘and Margaret separated in * May 1977. "Suatin, Sacha and Michet remained at Trudeau's official résidence, but Margaret later moved into a fashionable house nearby — and was given easy access. oak Margere! filed for divorce in. November 1083. Pierre ‘ became the country’s most famous single parent, jis... " ~~ Reporters got occasional disarming glimpses: of. shis paternal side ag he shepherded his children’ through, numerous foreign and Canadian trips. The popularity of Trudeau and the Liberals plummeted in 1976 when the Tories chose Joe Clark as their new leader. His star rose again briefly afler the election of Levesque’ 8 separatist Parti Quebecols late that year, en - But he rejected advice to call an. election in 197, when “polis put the Liberals ahead, and then had to watch-as public support slid, until he was foreed tocalla vote in May 1979. Trudeau fought the election as a thumbs-in-belt . gun- slinger, arguing that Clark and NDP Leader Ed Broadbent © were either “treacherous or crazy” if they-didn't think national unity was the most important campaign. issue. The opposition leaders replied that Trudeau was trying to avoid economic problems, Unemployment was’ hovering : “Just below the one-million mark and inflation, free after the ‘The death of Duplessis in 1959 and the election ofa Liberal. expiry of wage and price controls, appeared beaded above government under Jean Lesage signalled the start of the - the 10-per-cent mark again; Quiet Revoliition in Quebec, ‘Trudeau :took aspostiab:the ivy NOTEJFOR CHANGED. goieg fi. : University “of ‘Montréal,- becoming ‘Re: “professor 108 "ede sy Canada, aftert6, straight ‘years: af Liberal: government, 7 - voted for change, but didn’t give the Tories a majority.'The ‘Trudeau identified himself as a ‘socialist i in the Cite libre Conservatives won 136 seals to 114 for the Liberals, sd for years, but he didn’t join the Co-Operative Commonwealth _. the NDP and six for the Creditistes. : ‘Trudeau returned from'a summer trip to Tibet with. a ~ beard: a half-hearted Opposition leader whose days seemed - Bumbered, On Nov. 21, 1979, he announced he would resign. “E came to the conclusion that I was not the man to * rebuild the Liberal party and negotiate a new federalism _ during the next decade," he told an interviewer. The Trudeau era appeared to be over. : . Clark's minority government heaved a sigh of relief, agsuming the Liberals would not try to defeat them and . force an election with. lame-duck leader. Their joy was premature and their logic faulty. mee INCREASED TAX . . ‘Their first budget, presented by Finance Minister John . Crosbie on Dec. 11, proposed “short-term pain for. long- term gain" with tax increases of about $3 billion. Most visible was an increase of four cents a litre in the gasoline excise tax. Top Liberals used polls showing the party ahead of. the Tories to convince the caicus that a return to power v was -possible.. Clark and most of his closest advisers were sure ity was a - bluff and refused to make concessions to the six Socred MPs ; . whose support became crucial. Dec, 13, 1979, was one of the most dramatic nights’ in .. Parliament's history, The Socreds abstalned. ‘The. Liberais pulled two ailing MPs out of hospital and combined with the NDP to defeat the government 139 to 133. Clark was off on his campaign jet almost immediately as as the Liberals argued about whether Trudedu should or would ‘slay. They finally agreed to ask him and he said yea: But the strategy was sharply different from the or9 Campaign, wt The: Liberals concentrated on portraying Clark -as’ a . bumbler while keeping Trudeau under Wraps. The former gunslinger seldom made more than one appearance a day ¢ and was usually surrounded on the Platform by MPs’ and . officials, : POLLS CONFIRMED — ve Pre-election polls held firm. On Feb. 18, the L reviewing stand during a St. Jean Baptiste Day parade in * ambjority of 147 seats — but only two west of er im 103 for the devastated Tories and 32 for the NDP, ‘ . - Trudeau launched his last term with new zeal, as ‘if - determined to use the unexpected extra chatice to carve a, more solid naw than that accorded him in. 1978. by lographer wane who summed him y “ “untainied” J as fr) leader ‘The Liberals liivelled: a. “national en ergy program ’ designed fo increase Canadian ownership of the oil rogram ‘industry, changed the‘ century-old Crowsnest, Pass freight “vates and launched initiatives to promote disarmamerit arid ", the sharing of resources between rich and poor allons, _, But ‘Trudeau's top ‘priorities after his return to on the Quebee referendum in May 1980 ‘and coattlnal reform. ' He promised Quebecois that ‘a no Vole to soverel int} - aéssoclation would be a yes to constitutional reform, é ¥ ‘The no side won thé idferendunt With 88.5 per cent of the popular vote to 40.5 per “ck tr the yes aide. ; -He doesi't smoke. and dhinus 1 -tittte, Hé tried various sports. from judo- to bobsledding, and: still’ skis, swinis,. : canges and does gymnastics, Margaret o once described hint as having the body of a 25-year-old. ee oe While’ “editing the school. -paper at: Brebeut, ‘fe met ‘the they later’ entered federal politica’ together, with Jean ‘opienents — although he did ‘berve in a Teserve unit: in’ - After: spells at Harvard, univebsities: in Paris.. and: the: Trudeau mystique. : Returning to Canada, he joined” the political struggle in Quebec against the authoritarian - regime of Premier ROLE WAS MINOR ™ . He played a minor rote in the bitter asbestos miners’: strike in 1949,-a seminal confrontation between workers and the Duplessis government, and got to know Marchand, then | a labor organizer, mo ‘Through the 1950s, Trudeau worked on 1 civil liberties cases, wrote articles for the small. but influential left-wing travelled.: Journalist George Radwanski wrote in a 1978 biography that Trudeau “lived the lifé of a hummingbird, flitting over what interested him. without ever quite alighting.”. * He ‘mingled with ‘Quebec. intellectuals opposed to Duplessis, wrote a book on the asbestos strike and.won a Governor General’ 's Awatd in 1959 for an ‘article Some Obstacles‘ to Democracy in Quebec, which was later in- Cluded in a major collection of his writings, Federallsm and: the French Canadians. even’ though some Quebecers saw. hirn as the party's potential savior in the province. . WASN'T READY . : Trudeau explained later that at first he s wasn t ready to - ’ ‘Trudeau said in 1973 there were two driving forces i in n his . “One was to make sure that Quebec wouldn't leave “Trudeau was first ‘elected to the Ciminons in 1965 .in” Montreal's « affluent Mount Royal riding,’ launching the rapid rigé: that carried him to the leadership just three , ‘abortion and homosexuality.’ - ’ He'coined one of his most famous phrases i in defence of nation.” .*. - : PEARSON’ RETIRES | . vo . :. When-Pearson ‘announced: his retirement in December : 1967, the media tagged, ‘a. reluctant Trudeau ag ‘the: dark horse, oO In mid February, a week after his star performance ata televised . federdl-provincial. constitutional - conference, Trudeat announced he would run, summing up ‘his can- ‘The punchline came in Apri] when he won on the fourth viewed as a’ ‘potential successor, - ; -- Sworn in as prime minister on April 20, he ‘dissolved | Parliament. three days Jater and called a June election. Huge crowds greeted him everywhere and women pushed ~ to ‘kiss’ this trendy new prime minister. The only ‘ugly praise. — and ‘votes. “Canadians gave Trudeau the first majority since the 1958 NO.PROMISES Trudeau took pains not to raise expectations, telling: - Hié biggest test came from his. home. tart te ‘quebee 'Prudeau Invoked the War Measuires Act ‘and ient. troops. into the streets of Ottawa and Montreal after. twa.calls of the: Front de Liberation du Quebec kidnapped British ‘trade - ‘Plerra Laporte: Cross was eventually released, ht Laporte “About 600 alleged left. wing sympa thizers and. separa tists co —_ were detalned by police during the hunt for the kidnappers. STAGE WAS SET _ That set the stage for Trudeau's final — nd ultra suecessful — attempt to:rewrite and patriate thé ,Con- stitution. ad __ He had failed several times before, ios notabli inh ig7l ces hm _ When a tentative deal in Victorid‘waa scuttled atthe last Ling . _ Mand ite ape Quebée premier Bourassa, ber won 109 cents to 107. for the Cons ervatives often lookéd as If he was doomed to fail again The ‘U als v through almost two years of constitutional debate,’ saan iia nedstiation nf court challenges and lobbies ‘Public: disencharitment surfaced “in the October 1972 the New Democrats under David Lewis: held the key td «-