ax OFFICE on Bolshoi tig hérkassky Alley in Mos- of here hangs a huge map Soviet Union. And f 4 He nearly 7,500 miles ha Ss Coastline _ certain Wit S have been underlined lang. Ted pencil — Rudolph si, ge Mderma, Igarka, Tik- Uso 882, Providence Bay, S0lnaya Bay. Rafaiy Office is that of A. the a. of Arcticstroi, Baniz pone and assembly or- ation of the Northern Whi Route Administration To Viet Be csates under the So- i istry, €rchant marine min- —thteg , € places underlined : Soviet are the new towns the | i, Union has built along } 9 {tic coast. | No ones themselves are + Wetign the straggling col- that 7M Wooden buildings lary 2V@ become a familiar € Arctic landscape f men have establish- oy ae oold, from Norway tear’ full sweep of the q fean to Greenland and Pen © wooden build- stil] €cted in past years are — «fy €re, but other buildings Desig “t materials are arising bemgey €m and the towns 4 a are constantly be- a) Cong, €tnized and expanded i ast to a planned de- Duitain & long time we were | Wooat& near] sythj od» y everything of Mans Says Rafailov. “But | Neh] Mation of timber over Sive, Re. distances is exven- a Beate there is always | Made j Ser of fires, Brick | Sve and. € Arctic is expen- tr That's Of a very low quality. aren WAY Wwe. have been in . 3 all along for new materials ’ ; as 2 “i bays themaya and Providence thy built ouses are now be- We Bet oe Slag-block stones. Elect © slag as waste from rj : . oy f0al, l¢ stations working D Tike: ave peiksi and Sangara, we “ne aon Using a sandless >, & combination of m a tee and cement. We builg; have an entirely cs Cera ng material .— cel- HEY Aiea which is noted it May ‘womhad of advaniages. a ery. Made of any clay, ayes a light, Windproof, it Iyivity, : high heat con- BG amir uction of cel- by dive tim, les will be four “ck, ®S as cheap as of ey lef, : : tT etttete cated reinforced y aoe being used info. Pier our construc- {rq Of prefabricated Nerete slabs wes Inst time on Tik- and two residen- 00 AE) illlln tial houses are now being built there of large concrete blocks.” “Now we are building only houses with central heating. Even at the most remote win- tering places with no more than ten people, there is now water or steam heating. There are no stoves anywhere.” * Arcticstroi is now develop- ing new coal mines in Ugol- naya Bay. It is equipping the port in Providence Bay. It is reconstructing the sea port and timber plant and improv- ing the townsite at Igarka. A monumental lighthouse — a monument to the great Rus- sian seafarer Semion Dezhnev —is being built on Cape Dezh- nev, at the extreme north- eastern edge of the Soviet Arctic. : Detailing the various con- struction jobs Articstroi has undertaken over thousands of miles of Arctic coastline this year, Rafailov says: “We have just completed Soviet Arctic several buildings in Sangara, a kindergarten on Tiksi and a club for foreign seamen in Igarka. The club has a lounge- room, a restaurant, a post of- fice, a branch of the bank, where. the foreign seamen can exchange their currency, and a long-distance telephone sta- tion. “One of the most interest- ing construction jobs is the water-collector in Providence’ Bay which will supply the settlement with water all year round. The water will come from the Solnechnaya Poly- ana Canyon, about four miles away. All the new houses in Providence Bay will now have a water-supply system and central heating.” The biggest problem, in Rafailov’s opinion, is modern- ization and further develop- ment of the Northern Sea Route to make it a regularly functioning sea lane, “We are mechanizing the sea ports, building piers, radio beacons and polar sta- tion. We are also building * One of the rapidly growing towns of the Soviet Arctic is Norilsk, hard rock and coal mining centre. This picture shows the nickel ore concentration plant. coal mines so that the ships plying this line may be pro- vided with local fuel,” he points out. “Now, in connection with the preparations for the In- ternational Geophysical. Year, we are building magnetic, geo- physical and aerological pav- ilions for scientific observa- tion on Rudolph Island. (Franz Joseph Land) and Wrangel Island. “In the large populated areas of the Soviet ‘Arctic, such as Tiksi Island, Provi-” dence Bay and Ugolnaya Bay have become, we are building homes, baths, laundries, clubs, kindergartens, and’ creches,” all part of the long struggle the Soviet Union has been conducting over more than three decades to conquer its Arctie frontier. * In comparison with the So- viet Union, Canada, the only other country with a long Arctic coastline, has barely made a beginning. Canada is spending millions of dollars on radar lines, air- fields and military bases, but they are designed for war, not peaceful development. They are serving not to advance the country’s national interest in its vast northern regions but to weaken them by bring’ng in foreign troops to occupy Canadian territory. Where the Soviet Union has a functioning Northern Sea Route Administration, regu- larly plied by merchant ships, Canada has only a few patrol ships and supply vessels for its scattered posts. Naviga- tion of the northwest passage is a rare achievement herald- ed by newspaper headlines. By moving the settlement of Aklavik, in the Mackenzie Delta, to a new planned site, Canada is making a belated start on northern development. But it is still far from being the ambitious program re- quired to tap our great Arctic resources and establish Can- adian towns in the great un- developed half of our territory. The TRUE story of Harry Orchard hanging and then suffer the eternal, unspeakable tortures of Hell.” Orchard, already weak, slumped into a chair, unable to meet McParlan’s beady eyes. e ynHle started in on my belief in the hereafter,” _ Orchard later wrote in his auto- biography, “and spoke of what an awful thing it was to live and die in a sinful death and that every man ought to re- pent for his sins and that there was no sin that God would not forgive. He spoke of King David being a murderer, and also the Apostle Paul. He also told me of some cases where men had turned state's evidence and that when the state had used them for a wit- ness they did not or could not prosecute them, He said that men might be thousands of miles away from where a mur- der took place and be guilty of that murder and be charged with conspiracy and that the man who had committed the murder was not as guilty as the conspirators. He further said he was satisfied I had only been used as a tool, and he was sure the Western Federation of Miners was behind this, that they had carried on their work with a ‘high hand but that their foundation had be- gun to crumble.” Luncheon was then served, the first good food that Orch- ard had tasted “for ten terrible days.” : As Orchard ate, the detective pointed out that the choice before him was simple: he could either say what McPar- lan wished him to say or he could hang. He must not only confess to murdering Steunenberg on the orders of the Western Federation of Miners but he must confess, too, to all of the robberies, swindles, arsons, murders and confidence games that he had really committed so that he could not be im- peached on cross-examination. And he must embrace God, be born again, come to Jesus and the Mercy Seat where his soul would be washed so spotless that no jury could fail to be- lieve his every Christian word. He could do this and go free, the recipient of the rewards and honors of a grateful state, of a grateful Mine Owners’ Association, or he could re- fuse to do it and be strangled, dancing on air at the end of a rope. @ With this pleasant choice before him Orchard was re- turned to the dripping dark- “ness of his solitary cell. The more he thought the whole thing over; the more he thought he had better be re- deemed. He had been, he could see now, a very sinful man. “ The next time out he told McParlan, who still had his Bible in his hand, that God had spoken to him in the dark- ness of his cell, had taken the scales from his eyes and show- ed him that the only Christian thing to do was to confess as McParlan wished him to. McParlan was right. He, Harry Orchard, had murdered Steunenberg for $250 paid to him by Big Bill Haywood, Charles Moyer, the president of the miners’ union, and a miner named Pettibone. They were in Denver, a thousand miles away, when he killed the governor but it was on their instructions that he had done it. But that was not all that he had done. They had paid him also to murder ‘Governor Peabody of Colorado, the judges of the State Supreme Court of Colorado, General Sherman Bell, anda good many others, but he had never got around to these murders or had bungled them when he had tried. They had also paid him to blow up a whole series of mines. Seldom had McParlan been so touched. He had saved a SEPTEMBER 28, 1956 — PACIFIC TRIBUNE — PAGE 11 soul. He had also showed these sons-of-bitches who said he was all through. He was in his dotage, was he? He felt almost tenderly toward Orchard, who never again ex- perienced the rigors of a cell, Instead he was giving a char- ming little cottage outside the prison walls, sufficient spend- ing money, new clothing and plenty of his favorite cigars. Governor Gooding, who said he was proud to count Orch- ard his friend, frequently took him to lunch at his club. Men who a few weeks before had talked of lynching Orchard now were praising him. There could be no finer work they said, than saving the West from the miners’ union. Day and night the two men, Orchard and McParlan, who were friends now, worked out the details of the confession. Each was pleased, it is said, when told he looked a little like the other. They worked steadily for a month and it turned out that there was scarcely an unsolved crime in Colorado or Idaho that Orchard “had not committed while in the pay of the Western Federa- tion of Miners. To McParlan it was a labor of love. He felt young again. - He was in his dotage, was he ? He regarded the new Orchard as his own artistic creation.