nor f i i runt il nels BIcIN HE ‘United States first be- gan to-act the internation- al gendarme in Latin America Where, as Theodore Roosevelt Put it, it was “policeman” and “judge”. At the end of the last cen- : tury and at the beginning of the present, the USA repeated- ‘ly invaded the territory of Countries in Central and: South America in order ‘to’ restore Order’. Here are some exam: ples. 1890. A party of U.S. marin- €s landed in Buenos Aires, the Capital of Argentina, to take part in the suppression of a Popular uprising against the domination of foreign capital. 1831. During. the struggle for» state power. in Chile the _USA landed*its marines in Val- Paraiso under the pretext of ‘Providing protection of its am* ~ bassador. 1898. The USA first inter- Vened in the Cuban-Spanish Conflict ostensibly to *‘liberate”’ Cuba, and in-1899 occupied: the island. The occupation contin- ued until 1902. Cuba’s new con- Stitution was worked out un- ‘der the supervision of the Am- “erican: military governor and Was adopted in°1901. It includ- ‘Amendments, which gave’ the United Statés control of the - country and- allowed it to set - up the Guatanamo naval base On its territory. _ 1904. The USA sent its navy _ to the Dominican Republic and _ Set up control over its finan- - Cial and customs policy. 1906-1909. U.S. troops occu- pied Cuba the second time be- _ Cause of the mounting revolu- _ tionary movement in: the coun- _ try and the overthrow of the |} American-installed | President ime «Palma. ; » 1910. U.S. marines landed _ in Nicaragua to. suppress anti- _. American manifestations. 1} - 1912. The USA. again -occu- |} ~- vied Cuba-under the pretext of “protecting. American inter- _- ests” and. suppressed an upris- ing of the Negroes. That same year, the U.S. marines took - Part in suppressing the nation- al-liberation’ movement in Ni- caragua and Honduras. 1914. In an effort to. estab- lish» control over the financial and ‘customs policy ror Haiti, Party of marines on its’ terri- x tory; they occupied the Nation- al” Bank and took the Repub: _ lie’s gold réserve,, valued at $500, 000, to the United States. That ‘same year, American: troops as Mexico and 0¢- The -€d the notorious seven Platt | the United: States landed a cupied the port of Veracruz, under the pretext of ‘restoring respect for the U.S.. govern- ment.” 1915. Considering. that “the population of Haiti was so bad- ly governed that it would lose «nothing if it lived‘under foreign rule”, the U.S. government sent its marines to occupy all’ the big towns ofthe Republic. The marines staged ‘‘presiden- tial elections’’. 1916. The USA sent a puni+} tive expedition’ to Mexico un- der the command of General Pershing to stifle the national liberation movement in the cradle: That same year, the’ USA also’ undertook direct in- tervention*in the Dominican Republie. After suppressing an uprising of the Dominican peo- ple the interventionists actu- ally seized all executive .and legislative power. 1917. The USA once again occupied Cuba following the defeat of pro-American’ presi- dential candidate’ under the’ pretext of “giving assistance and restoring order”. The oc- cupation continued until 1922: 1919. While “protecting Am= erican interests” in Honduras;- American marines suppressed the liberation movement. In 1924-25, the try. _-1926. The USA’ again® a dite: } its troops in Nicaragua, and the occupation continued un- | til 1933. Actually the country was under U.S. occupation for 20 years with the exception of a few months ‘in 1925-1926. 1938. An uprising flared up in'Cuba against the reactionary Machado government; Under the pretext of “protecting: the’ lives and property of the’ Am- erican ‘citizens, the USA’ sent warships to’ Cuba and landed: a party of marines. A new gov- ernment was formed under the’ supervision of the American’ marines and with the active participation of ‘the Use am- bassador. * * * FTER the Second» World’ War, when it was‘no- longer possible to suppress the} national-liberation movement in Latin America by methods: of “gunboat — diplomacy”, USA - resorted | to: military: putschés to overthrow govern: ments it’ disliked and to set up'}; military and’ civilian: dictator- ships working for tlie US! dol-} lar. In 1948; the’ USA® organiz~: ed ‘coups d'etat and sét up re?) actionary ‘regimes in Venezue= Peru, Costa Rica’ and EP Ja,’ m7 S. jet interceptors roam: far and wide over. Trail ‘are jet interceptors Fighter Squad¥on at Geiger! © at Geiger Field, near Spokane, s northeast of Trail, B. oF following reporis of unidentified’ pared] chutes on the Canadian side of the border. _ Ifvalso reported that Geiger explosions Heard’ in the area’ to F- With’ all! this’ aétivity going a ‘Trail area still’ belongs to" Canada, or ‘is. it ‘part | of. the Field officials: attributed ‘gonial.¢ 106° esate: from the 498th |W ‘on one ~giowdeds ” wheiher. the UL S. AA? oe ee — United States} again intervened in this coun-" the} tl : ’ ‘The Trail Times reported in its: ‘September | 12 issue that twat from the 116tH’ Air Fighter Squadron ‘siationed'}ed’ searched the-area 30° miles] fore MEXICO y 196 Salvador; in'1549; in Colombia; in 1951, in’ Bolivia; in 1952, in Cuhba;, in 1954 in Paraguay. | In’ several: instances the Un- ited States used the armed for- ees of subservient neighbors to -organizée® interventions against regimes*the* U.S. monopolies disliked: Thus) the staté’ coup of 1948 in’ Costa Rica was sup- ported by: intérvention’. from ' Nicaragua! Revolutionary Gua- temala: was strangled by” bands of! interventionists. who were euuinpes: ‘py? °U.S® imperialists. The" gendarrie methods, tried and’! ‘tested in’ Latin’ America; were®a appliea:'by® the® U.S» im- > si sAsia and even: in ‘Burepe® I1901, thé USA sav- gely’ eruished: thé: almost” 10- ear-old' national - ‘liberation. nent in’ the Philippines. In’ 1906/4962, . the USA took. , i ono = : manatees partiouthi ie active’ as a policeman in’ | China after ' the: First’ World ‘War. Makirig*use of the Nine- Power Treaty) “the USA decid- to setup? its’ own’ armed és theré)’a kind of permnan- nt pole: foree. U.S. troops: fia peacefull ‘demonstration’ of | ers and’ students in Shang- hai’ on’ May'30;' 1925. In March 1927,! ULS) warships ‘took’ part” in the shelling” of Nanking,’ “which restilted' in thé death of: : 198 ‘o08 I9t press revolutionary’ and! natien- al-liberation movements; ‘The September 22, 1961—PACIFIC TRIBUNE—Page 5 Sy aaaes” : ae the growth of the mifht of — fists are ‘no longer ableto’ de- ~ notorious Dulles - Eisenhower doctrine was designed to per-— form similar police functions. Under that doctrine the USA “filled the vacuum” in” Asia and Africa after the withdraw- al of the British and’ other col- onialists. The results: the; coup — in Jordan in April 1957,, which brought the pro-American’ ele-_ ments to power; preparations for intervention against “Syria in 1957 with the use of Turk- ish troops; armed U.S. inter- vention in the Lebanon in’1958; preparations for intervéntion — in Iraq. EA . The USA appropriates ,enor- mous sums of money for sub-— version against’ the socialist countries, and for training all mannér of bands to “liberate” _ East European states. The ‘doc- trine’ of “liberating” the Secial- ist countries has beeome: offic- ial U.S. policy. ae : But ihe new aie halen the camp of -socialism and. de- mocracy are leaving less and less ground for the: ill-starred pretenders to the role of world policemen. The U.S. imperial- stroy the liberation and” revo- lutionary nioverient | “with? im- punity: A striking” example ‘of this is the défeat of American | mercenafies who recéently~ in- ‘vaded the’ igh of = Cuba.