Peace

This is an era of new Soviet initiatives for
ending the arms race, but the West has yet
to respond in kind, a leading European dis-

armament figure told a Vancouver audience

Sept. 18.

_ Physicist Michael Pentz said current
times afford new: opportunities for the
Members of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization to begin reforming their hard-
line nuclear and conventional warfare poli-
fles which will lead to the abolition of
Reto and the Warsaw Treaty Organiza-
ion.

“Unfortunately, up to now Western
leaders seem unable to move out of the
traditional policies of the status quo,”
Pentz, former dean of science at Britain’s

a

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‘NATO hinders arms cuts’

MICHAEL PENTZ... Gorbachev has limited time.

Open University and now a peace activist in
France, said.

The former leader of the British Cam-
paign for Nuclear Disarmament warned it
would be misguided to wait until the West
finally moves on the Soviet peace proposals,
suggesting that Mikhail Gorbachev has a
limited time in which to sell his reforms in
the USSR, “particularly in the face of West-
ern intransigence.”

Pentz has visited Vancouver several times
in the Eighties — most recently at the 1986
Vancouver Peace Symposium — enthral-
ling audiences with witty dialogue anc
impeccable statistics on the latest arm:
developments.

He was in top form at the talk, “NATO:
Life After 40?”, sponsored by Veterans fo1
Nuclear Arms, producing charts showing
the balance of arms as perceived by both
NATO and the Warsaw Pact; and the
proposals both sides have presented.in the
current, snails-pace arms talks.

In tracing the history of arms strategy
over the last three decades, Pentz said
former U.S. president Ronald Reagan’s
“Zero Option” proposal to ban all missiles
in Europe was put forward in anticipation
that the Soviet Union would reject it. He
pointed to a 1981 Congressional document
which indicated the real purpose was “to
place responsibility for NATO moderniza-
tion (of mid-range nuclear arsenals) on the
Soviets.”

The Zero Option was rejected at the time,
since it left the Warsaw Pact vulnerable to
attack by the independent arsenals of Bri-
tain and France, as well as U.S. missiles
outside Europe. But Gorbachev’s election

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as Soviet leader in 1985 led to acceptance of
the option and the signing of the historic
INF treaty at Reykjavik, Iceland, in 1987.

The treaty involves “asymmetrical” cuts
favouring NATO, which meanwhile con-
tinues to plan the modernization its weap-
onry to replace the loss of cruise and
Pershing 2 missiles with projects such as
FOTL — Follow-on to Lance (missiles).
Those plans have caused deep divisions
within NATO, Pentz said.

Britain and France favour continued
modernization, while countries like Bel-
gium and the Federal Republic of Germany
oppose it, the latter for electoral reasons. At
any rate, it is unlikely that modernization
will go ahead until after 1990 and possibly
not for a few years after that, Pentz related.

“So there’s time, just a small window of
opportunity, in which to try to reform
NATO policy,” he advised.

Pentz noted that the Soviets and Warsaw
Pact forces have made several groundbreak-
ing proposals at current arms talks, includ-
ing massive cuts in conventional arms, the
creation of military free zones along borders
in Europe, and the elimination of offensive
nuclear weapons. But most of these initia-
tives have been rejected by NATO, which
among other things denies it has offensive
weaponry, he said.

“If we want to end the cold war, if we
want to move towards a Europe at peace,
we need to embrace certain new concepts,”
Pentz said.

He cited The Comprehensive Concept of
Defence and Disarmament for NATO, by
the British-American Security Information
Council and other groups, which argues for
moving away from offensive. capabilities,
and even nuclear parity, to a concept of
“mutually defensive superiority.”

The document, presented to counter a
recent NATO document promoting modern-
ization, calls for “transparency, not secrecy”
about military deployments which it says
will prevent the unilateral introduction of
new nuclear weapons.

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Pacific Tribune, September 25, 1989 « 11