; SOCIALISM CROSSES | THE ATLANTIC By LESLIE MORRIS . . (First of two columns) HE URGE of peoples towards the solution of their problems - takes them to socialism. This is a law of modern times. With many a buffet and reverse along the way, and, as Lenin éaid,. accompanied by “all. the fantasies”, inexorably they go towards the common ownership of the means of life and the establishment of a new state to take them through the transition period from the old society to the new. The political map of socialism is interesting, The first working-class state was formed in. Paris: in 1871, the Paris Commune. Then a long period of capitalist growth set in, and éocialism was set back. It arose.again in Russia, in 1917, and the titanic heroism and sufferings of the Soviet peoples enabled socialism to triumph. It broke through in. Hungary, Germany, and Finland in 1918 to 1921, only to be defeated by superior ili ic Hire -ferces and inadequate leadership, eno OR 2 moment, during the British General Strike in 1926, and IF then again in the oldest Capitalist country in 1945, it Jooked-as if socialism would cross the English Channel, But the right wing of the Labor Party killed the chance. It swept through, Eastern Evrope, and then into Asia, in @he years following World War Il, and now embraces over one thousand million people. = ‘Now Socialism has crossed the Atlantic. It has come to Cuba. Columbus made one of his first -landfalls in Cuba. Social- = hee made its first western landfall on the same beautiful sland. No one -could have foreseen this, just as few foresaw that g@otialism would triumph first in the most backward European country, Tsarist Russia. It was thought by old-time socialists €hat’ socialism would come: first of all in the most highly developed capitalist countries. But imperialism dictates differently. Because: a handful of giant monopoly countries have placed their heavy boots on the wiecks of oppressed peoples and so brought about the anti- imperialist; national liberation struggle, flaming mass ‘move- goents such as that led by. Fidel Castro come“into being. The ¥evolution’s aim was the national liberation of Cuba, the taking over of foreign imperialist property in the land, factories, and banks, and the restoration of amen sovereign democracy. Es f « *. of foreign imperialist domination, they could not win their economic and social demands—job security, land security, higher wages, schools, the abolition of poverty, the conquest of illiteracy—without taking the revolution further. - The Cuban capitalists were not interested in:satisfying the economic and social demands of the people. Just as capitalists everywhere, they were interested. first of all intheir own private profit, and in establishing-their-political power. True, they wanted to do this minus the terrors of Batista, and with a more democratic face. But they ‘also wanted to maintain the system of private ownership of industry, the exploitation of mam by man. Bo. the Cuban people soon found that having rid the country + * % x a. might have worked a generation ago. In fact, it did, when the capitalists were members of a rising social system and interested in sweeping away feudal land ownership and creating a “free market”. But that time has gone forever. If the Cuban national capitalists were to have come to power ia Cuba, things being what they are, they would have led Cuba back into the clutches of the U.S.A. _ And so, having ousted Batista ang taken over U.S. proper- ties and nationalized them, establishing new labor laws and @iving the land to the peasants, the 26th of July Movement, led by Fidel Castro, found that the Cuban capitalists (who had been interlocked with the landlords and the U.S. corporations in the past, just as the Canadian menopolists today) began to sabotage economic growth, to.demand a halt to the revolution, to declare that the people should be satisfied with sovereignty and not insist on the economic and social reforms they were so badly an need of. “Cuba was too poor for that,”’ they said, : : * * @s=FiE question arose: Can Cuba be satisfied with independ- i ence, or should the independence not be formal, but real, im the sense that having freed Cuba from the domination of the U.S., it should now be freed from the exploitation of man by man, from private Cuban capitalist domination? Could Cuba remain independent if the Cuban capitalists were in power? . Which way should Cuba go? Should national liberation include social and economic emancipation, be'given flesh and hlood, or should the Cuban capitalists remain in the saddle for their own private interests? Cuba faced a momentous decision. _ In the fall of 1959, this matter was resolved. The right wing of the Cuban revolution, which had more or less passive- ly (ever actively) supported Castro as against Batista, broke with the revolutionary intelligentsia led by Fidel, the workers in the unions, and the peasants. In short, they broke with the wuasses,. and insisted on capitulation to the U.S.A. The vast majority of the Cuban people; led by Fidel to his eternal credit, demanded that Cuba go forward to the satisfac- tien ‘of the economic and political needs of the people. (To be concluded next week} Peace treaty in Europe | ‘must’ this year says MOSCOW—Soviet Premier Khrushchev declared last Thursday “a peaceful settle 3 ment in Europe must be accomplished this year.” i In a television -and radio{ ——— “report to the nation” on his-| chev called on all States who Vienna.. summit talks with | fought against Nazi Germany President Kennedy, Khrush-| to take part in a conference to U.S. proposals to re-start H-tests strongly protested Chairman of the U.S. Joint Congressional Atomic Energy Committee, Chet Holifield, told the House of Representa- tives last week the US. should “resume tests.” Holifield indicated that de- velopment of new nuclear weapons was being held up as a result of the 31-menth-old moratorium on tests. He re- ferred to the neutron bomb— the so-called’ death ray—and. declared: ‘‘Concepts are now being considered by our scientists which could be as revolutionary as the H-bomb in 1949.” Semyon Tsarapkin, Soviet delegate at the three-nation Geneva conference, protested at last Thursday’s session against what he called a thin- ly-veiled ultimatum — _ that the Soviets- sign the Western draft or the U.S. would re- sume tests. Arthur. Dean, U.S. delegate at the Geneva test-ban confer- ence told the gathering the U.S. would not abandon the western draft treaty. Meanwhile, Soviet Premier Khrushchev. said recently that it was difficult to reach agree- ment on ending nuclear tests because of the position of the western powers. CUBA PLANS 50 PERCENT JUMP IN TRADE WITH CANADA FOR 1961 HAVANA — The Cuban government is planning to spend more than $21 million to purchase goods from Canada this year, This represents. an increase of more than 50 percent over what Cuba imported from Canada last year. 1961 purchases will be the largest on record. Largest item) on the purchase list for the year is expected to be food and livestock such as pigs, cattle, turkeys and chickens. Calls for neutral Germany BERLIN — Germany should be neutral in the interests of world peace and the first prac- tical step would be a peace treaty and the neutralization of West Berlin, Walter UlI- bricht told a press conference here last Thursday. A peace treaty would come in any case said the chairman _ WALTER ULBRICHT of the State Council of the German Democratic Republic who spent two hours answer- ing questions of hundreds of correspondents from other countries, He said a peace treaty is urgent to stop the perilous trend towards’ war especially the menace of nuclear weapons in the hands of former Hitler generals, In a neutral Germany there ‘would be no arms race, no nu- clear weapons, no _ foreign troops or military bases, but this would not happen over- night. The process had to be- gin, Ulbricht stressed that there could be no reunification of Germany while West German retained its present warlike character. For the time being two German. states would go on. existing, but a peace treaty would also be a first step to reunification. He said Bonn’s demand for nuclear weapons ‘imperilled their people. sign a German peace treaty: 4 Any attempt to change th® | German borders would meal | nuclear war, he said. “Whe? 4 a peace treaty has been signed | the countries wanting to mail 7 tain communications with” Western Berlin will have @ 3 negotiate then with the g0V > ernment of the German Dem® Ff cratic Republic,” Khrushche¥ added. . He said he regarded perso” al meetings as essential {0 | questions which could not bé settled by ordinary diplomat” means. ae The question of universal” disarmament was one: of th® J fundamental, cardinal que® tions which “have become TiP® or even over-ripe, and insist ently called for a solutioty said Khrushchev. eo He said the disarmament commissions and sub-commly — sions failed to achieve succes J in their activities “because thé Western Powers were plainly not prepared for serious nes — tiations, did not want,.and, be frank, do not want d* armament to ‘this day.” “The western powers 2 afraid to tell public opinio® 7 directly and squarely thé@ they do not want to negotial® disarmament with the Sovi — Union in a businesslike wd" And so they have chosen diplomatic approach; withoul refusing to negotiate outrighh they at the same time do 2% accept concrete proposals © disarmament.” : . He refuted charges that the Soviet Union did not w@ control over disarmame?y “The Soviet Union,” declat Khrushchev, “stands for stté and effective international 2 F iT0l.” ee One performance only at July 1 Shevchenko rally | There will be only one Pr formance of the National SB@ J chenko Festival on saturd® evening, July, in Toro? Varsity arena. ed This has been announ® — this week by the Festival Ce mittee, who decided to cam) F the afternoon performaa™ ” originally scheduled, bec@ large numbers of perform will arrive late ‘Satur morning from other cities ® provinces. ah F Decision to hold only io; | evening performance ¢r© an accommodation pr pit and those from B.C. plant a. to attend are urged to bs firm reservations. a June 23, 1961—PACIFIC TRIBUNE—Paee®