USSR paid top price CHICAGO—More than 15,000,000 members of the armed forces of the 57 nations which fought on both sides in World War IX were killed or reported missing, it was revealed today in a report releas- ed by the Encyclopedia Britanni- ca, The report, recapltulating the world’s losses in manpower and resources during the war, said Russia suffered the heaviest loss- es of any belligerent. Listing of losses, in battle deaths and missing military personnel, was summarized as ofllows: Russia: 7,500,000, or 1 in every 22 of its 1940 population. Germany: 2,850,000, or one in every 25 of its 1940 population. Japan: 1,506,000, from 1937 on, or one in every 46 of its 1940 population in the home islands. United Kingdom: 305,770 lives, or one in every 150 of the popula- tion. Italy: 300,000, or one in every 150- of its 1940 population. China: 2,200,000, or one in every 200 of its 1940 population. France, 200,000, or one in every 200 of its 1940 population. United States: 295,904 lives, or ene in every 500 of the 1940 pop- ulation, British Commonwealth of Na- tions: 452,570, or 0.8 percent of the empire’s population. Greet Czech freedom PRAGUE—Greetings from Hen- ty A. Wallace to commemorate Czechoslovakia’s liberation from German occupation are featured by the daily union newspaper Prace here. , “We who value civil liberties and the democratic way of life,” Wallace said, “see in Czechoslv- vakia a symbol of our faith. Czechoslovakia gives an example that with patience and under- standing, people of the whole world can live peacefully.” Another message, from Sen. Claude Pepper (D, Fla.) said: “I congratulate Czechoslovakia on the great progress made since the end of the war. I know Czech- oslovakia wants peace. The Mar- shal! plan should have been ef- fected through the United Na- tions,” AP reporter gets boot BUDAPEST—On the order of the Hungarian interior ministry, Jack Guinn, Associated Press cor- respondent has been expelled from Hungary. The announcement of the expul- sion of Guinn was made in con nection with a statement by the ministry reporting the discovery of “an organization for espionage.” Eight persons were arrested, the ministry announced. One of them was Elizabeth Pallos, secretary to Guin. The ministry issued a formal statement reporting the arrests and concluding: “In connection with the dis- - covery of the organization, minis- try of interior authorities expelled Mr. Jack Guinn, Associated Press correspondent, from Hungary for- ever.” The ministry announcement said that “political police have discov- ered an organization for epion- age.” It then named those arrest- ed including Miss Pallos, 31, who was taken into custody by politi- cal police Oct. 27. She was born in Pittsburgh, where her father was Hungarian consul, “The task of the organization was to furnish their employers with confidential reports on Hun- gary’s internal affairs,” the state- ment said. “Besides this informa- tion service, it was also the task of the organization to provide for the escape of Hungarian citizens.” FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1947 NEW YORK—tThe special session of Congress opening November 17 could be com- pared to a mass convention of jugglers whose bright little balls are filled with dynamite. The Truman administration, in the capacity of stage manager, will have to see that none of the balls are dropped. The job won’t be easy because some of the jugglers aren’t fully aware that they're playing with dynamite and others enjoy the sound of an explosion. President Truman has placed only two items on the agenda: foreign. aid and domestic infla- tion curbs, Though some Repub- licans are expected to introduce a new tax reduction bill, it can be expected that Congress will pay primary attention to the sub- jects raised by Truman. So far, however, it is uncer- tain how far the administration will go in its proposal for loans abroad. It was reliably reported as late as Nov. 6 that the ad- ministration had not yet worked out its own proposals on such questions as how much aid should be sent to Europe, how the aid will be given, how the aid pro- gram will be administered. Meanwhile, a number of lead- ing congressmen and other public figures have been giving their own views on such matters. Members of the Senate appro- priations committee who recently toured Europe to investigate its needs have announced they are contemplating a proposal that an organization of American govern- ment and industry be established to supervise the spending of any U.S. loans abroad. Though the ad- ministration has declared over and over that the Marshall plan does not involve interference in the internal affairs of any of the coun- tries which may receive aid, one of the members of the Senate committee went so far as to say: “Instead of just giving money without strings on it these Am- ericans will be over (in Europe) cooperating right along. Members of the organization might say to one country: ‘Look here, we can’t justify this Amercan aid unless you put a proper tax system into effect.’ In Greece they might say ‘Unless you clean up the Com- munists you’re not going to be subsidized.’ ” The idea of such an Ameriacn management board has been heard from a variety cof sources. Gov- ernor Thomas E. Dewey of New York, Republican presidential as- pirant, broke his long silence on foreign policy to endorse foreign lending on a “business basis” un- der American supervision. Others to endorse a similar plan have been Winthrop W. Aldrich, chair- man of the board of the Rocke- feller-controlled Chase National Bank, and Secretary of Commerce W. Averell Harriman. Some congressmen have ad- |Marshall Plan goulash main item before special Congress session By GLADYS CARTER No dollars---no food U.S. and Canadian loans to the United Kingdom and other Euro- pean countries must be used by the borrowers to purchase ¢90d Skyrocketing inflated prices drastically reduce the purchasing power of such loans. Above, a lad looks longingly at a display of fresh fruit from America—but it is away beyond his family’s income. And if the borrowing nation’s politics don’t suit the money-changers of Wall Street, they don’t or other supplies here, ever: get the needed loan. mitted frankly in public state- ments that their emphasis on Am- erican supervision and on the re- building of Germany is playing into the hands of the Commun- ists, who are opposing the Mar- shall plan on these grounds. That is where the dynamite be- comes apparent because the admin- istration keeps telling the Ameri- can people that neither U.S. in- terference nor German priorities are involved in the Marshall plan. The job of satisfying Congress— and big business—that American investments will be — protected while at the same time convinc- ing the public that U.S. aims are purely altruistic js the big one confronting the state department’s top policy-makers. Part of the same problem is to achieve sufficient control over U.S, inflation to make the Mar- shall plan possible and appease the popular clamor against rising prices and at the same time not step on the toes of big business in applying price controls, Tru- man is now talking about “price legislation” though he has called direct controls “police state meth- ods.” So far, no one has suggest- ed any effective measure short of controls. Portrait of a Korean ‘jailbird’ SEOUL, Korea—A number of GI’s who were prisoners of the Japanese will remem- ber Moon Eun-chong, the shabby baggage cart puller in the Seoul railroad station who slipped them rice cakes and cigarets when the guards weren’t thought of Americans as something like knights in shining come over,” he told me, “I’d want to shout a welcome—even if I were to be killed by its bombs the next minute.” Now Moon,, director of general affairs of the Korean Federation of Trade Unions, has a new slant on things American. Two days after my last interview with him he was imprisoned for the third time since the U.S. army brought its brand of law and order to south Korea. Like most of the Korean labor leaders now in jail or hiding, Moon has devoted his whole life to the labor movement.. He start- ed organizing when he was 18, while still a student. A seaman and railroad worker for six years, he kept up the struggle for the related goals of a free labor move- ment and an independent Korea. He was ‘imprisoned three times by the Japanese for a total of nine years. After Japan’s defeat, Moon took part in the mass organization of Korean workers which brought looking, In those days Moon armor, “When I saw a B-29 half a million into unions inside of eight months. Then last fall came the first all-out crackdown on the new unions and Moon and other leaders had to operate under- ground, as they had under the Japanese. When I saw Moon, he was working too hard, eating too little and was very tired. He and the other top union leaders are in bad health from their long years in prison. Many have TB and some show the marks of torture. Moon told me about the great wave of strikes last fall, how the strikes were broken by police and terrorists with the support of U.S. authorities, how U.S. troops fired on a hunger demonstration of coal miners in Hwason, South Cholla Province. “The Americans claimed we were trying to create ‘chaos’ and ‘sabotage production,’ that it was all a Communist plot,” Moon said. “This is false. We struck basically because we were being squeezed by the inflation while the black market flourished and the profiteers got rich ... We have nothing to gain by sabot- aging production. We know bet- ter than anyone else that our livelihood depends on produc- tion. But we want a decent live- lihood and free unions.” Two days after we talked, Moon went to the police headquarters to protest a new ban on public meetings. He was jailed immediate- ly. Probably he could use some rice cakes and cigarets. | Miners defiant despite terror SANTIAGO, Chile—Though arms, teargas and terror are being used against Chilean coal miners, the government has found these weapons are not enough to subdue the spirit of the 18,000 men who struck early in October for $1.50 instead of the present $1 a day they receive for 10 to 12 hours work. This incident which took place at the Schwager mines—one of Chile’s largest coal enterprises — is typical of what has taken place since the government announced October 20 that the strike waé over: Armed troops were used (to force the workers into the pits Instead of working, however, the miners staged a sitdown and re fused to emerge. Troops then flooded the mines wth teargas, forcing the workers to-the sur face, where all 2,200 of them were arrested and several hundred weré sent to the island of Santa Maria Thinking it had taught all the strikers a lesson, the government sent armed troops to other mines to force the men into the pits. The same tactic was used by the workers at the smaller LirqueD mines. While the Chilean government has been receiving boatloads of coal from the U.S. to help break the strike, here are some of thé measures it has taken against the strikers and their familes: Miners are being pulled out of their beds late at night by armed soldiers ordered to work or 2? to jail for three years. In several cases, when miners refused t0 obey soldiers’ orders, their wives and children were beaten. : The wife of union leader JuaD Prado was beaten .and then pal aded around one mining camp in chains. The wife and daugh ter of another leader, Juan Lla- nos, have disappeared from the coal region. No one knows what has happened to them, except that they were both beaten when they refused to reveal Llanos’ where abouts, Company hospitals, which have the only medcal facilities avail able to the miners, have flatly refused to take care of miner's families. HIGHEST PRICES PAID for DIAMONDS, OLD GOLD Other Valuable Jewellery STAR LOAN CO. Ltd. EST. 1905 719 Robson St. — MAr. 2622 —- EAST END UNION DRIVERS HA. 0334 Fully 24-Hour Insured Service 618 East Hastings, Vancouver rae ALL FORMS OF INSURANCE Auto — Fire * Sickness & Accident Personal Property Floater, ete LAURIE cate % OWRY Representing A. J. Rudland Insurance Broker & Auto Finance M.A.7756 1638 W. Hastings M.A.9407 (after 4.30) licensed — ne WEST END COUNCIL LPP PRESENTS A COMPLETE RECORDING OF SHAKESPEARE’S OTHELLO THE MOOR OF VENICE Starring Paul Robeson With Feature Artists at John Goss Studio WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 19—8 P.M. ADMISSION 606 — od PACIFIC TRIBUNE—PAGE ?