“Ban force’ pact
urged by Soviets

Soviet foreign minister Andrei
-Gromyko has called upon the
United Nations to draft and adopt a
world treaty which will embody the
principle of abolishing the use of
force in international relations.
Gromyko made his proposal on
behalf of the Soviet government at
the opening session of the UN
general assembly i in New York last
week.

The Soviet foreign minister said

-that any such treaty which the
world body adopts should include
provisions for United Nationa
action tocarry out the objectives of
this and other UN decisions.
Gromyko submitted a proposed
draft for such a treaty, and
proposed that the draft be placed
on the agenda for discussion in the
current session of the general
assembly.
- The main thrust of Gromyko’s
submission was that nations would
agree to refrain from the use of, or
the threat of the use of, force
against the territorial integrity or
political independence of other
nations. Such a proposal would
automatically lead to a_ sharp
reduction in military budgets
around the world.

Though Gromyko was proposing
a banning of the use of force, he
drew a very sharp line between
“the unleashing of hostilities for
the purpose of aggression”’ and the
“legitimate right to rebuff
aggression or eliminate its con-
_ sequences.” The purpose of such a
differentiation would be _ to
guarantee any nation which is a
victim of aggression the right to
defend itself against hostile forces.

Gromyko said, however, that

because the substance of the draft
proposal was to prevent aggression
in any form, if this can be achieved
there will be no more need to use
force to rebuff it.
_“The source of~ evil is
aggression,’’ Gromyko said, ‘‘and
not the desire to restore justice.
That is the cause, and not the ef-
TOS

In his address to the UN,
Gromyko renewed the Soviet call

John Radosevic, secretary of |

Canadians for Democracy in Chile,
writes: Canadians for Democracy
in Chileis proud toannounce that A
Concert for Chile was a great
success. We want to take this
opportunity to thank all the
organizations and individuals for
helping us make the event the
success that it was.

Our thanks also goes to the
donated talents of the en-
tertainers—Bargain at Half the
Price, Tom Hawken, George
Hewison, poet Hal Griffin and the
Chilean Cormoran Singers. A
special note of thanks to Steve
Gidora who managed the concert.

The event netted more than $800
for the Chilean solidarity

- movement. This money will be sent
to Chile Democratico, the in-

ternational coordinating centre in -

Luxemburg, aS. soon as money
from all ticket sales has been
collected.

The concert was in marked
contrast with events planned by
the ‘‘Coalition for Chilean
Solidarity Week.” This was a
coalition of groups, most of which

for all nations to curtail Sianoly
their military budgets. He charged
those opposed to cutting military
budgets with ‘“‘endeavoring to
prove that inflated military
budgets are needed in the interest
of peace, higher industrial em-
ployment and reinforcing positions
in negotiations, first’ of all
negotiations with the Soviet
Union.”

This hawkish rhetoric, he said,
was nothing more than deception.

His government’s main purpose
in this regard, is to break the
present deadlock which has
prevailed since the general
assembly approved a_ Soviet
proposal of three years standing
that the military budgets of all
permanent members. of the
security council be slashed by 10
percent.

The proposal called for part of
the funds freed by such a cut to be
used for economic assistance to
developing countries.

Gromyko also said that his
government does not subscribe to
the theory that ending the arms
race is beyond human ability.
“Many political figures...have
linked their careers with the arms
race. The B-type bomber does not
suit them any more; they need the
B-1.,.”

Once again, Gromyko reiterated
his government’s long standing
call for the complete prohibition
and ultimate elimination of
weapons of mass destruction, first
of all nuclear weapons.

“We believe that the nuclear
powers should come to the
negotiating table and map out a
workable solution to nuclear
disarmament,” he stated. “In-
dependently of these negotiations,
nuclear weapons testing should be
stopped everywhere, and by all.”

In his wide ranging address to
the general assembly, Gromyko
also called for the introduction of
nuclear-free zones around the
world, and expressed his firm
opposition to a military build-up in
the Indian Ocean.

~The Coalition’s demonstration on

September 11 which drew no more
than 100 people, heard speeches
from Chilean refugees, the Fourth
International and others who
oppose the concept of Popular
Unity. Some groups involved in the
demonstration reject the concept
of unity among all anti-fascist
forces, calling instead for im-
mediate armed struggle in Chile in
order to institute socialism.

Altogether it was an unfortunate
display of how -best to isolate the
Chile solidarity movement from
the vast majority of Canadians—
people who would otherwise be won
to aposition of support for civil and
political liberties in Chile.

The issues in Chile are still
freedom for political prisoners, an
end to torture and persecution of
Chilean citizens and withdrawal of
all Canadian and foreign in-
vestment in the Chilean economy.
Despite the junta’s attempts to put
a liberal appearance on the
regime, the economic repression,
the arrests and the tortures con-
tinue and, in fact, are increasing.

are opposed .to Popular Unity as -

well as to the leadership of the
international solidarity movement.
Many of these same groups have

attacked Popular Unity and_

murdered president Salvador
Allende as ‘“‘betrayers of the
Chilean people’. —

Canadians for Democracy in
Chile calls for the broadest ‘anti-
fascist unity and for an end to
partisan political squabbling. It is
the Chilean people who suffer, the
Chilean people who are involved in
a life-and-death struggle.

Delegates to the International Seminar of Young Researchers pose outside the meeting hall in Nahodka,
USSR. Heather Keely, Canadian participant in the seminar, is fifth from the right in the third row from the

back.

Cooperation among youth
focus of int'l seminar

By HEATHER KEELY

Qn August 18 in the Soviet far
eastern town of Nahodka, the
International Seminar of Young
Researchers on problems of
cooperation in the Pacific Basin
opened its third annual meeting.

The seminar was attended by a
broad range of youth — students,
trade unionists and represen-
tatives from political, scientific
and social organizations with each
delegate varying greatly in his or
her background. The ages of
participants ranged from 18 to 70
with some of the older delegates
surpassing the younger ones in
both energy and enthusiasm.

International organizations
represented included UNESCO,
the World Federation of
Democratic Youth, the _ In-
ternational Youth and Student
Movement for the United Nations,
the International Union of
Students, the World Federalist
Youth, The International
Association of Democratic
Lawyers and the Asia Youth
Council. In addition, national
organizations and universities sent
representatives with delegates

' coming from Japan, Thailand, the

Philippines, Canada, the US.,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico,
Panama, Peru, Ecuador, Australia
and New Zealand.

Discussion during the seminar
focussed on three main topics:

e Youth and the spread of in-
ternational detente in the basin of
the Pacific Ocean;

e The role of young people in
protecting and using rationally the
resources of the Pacific;

e International youth and
student cooperation in the Pacific
Basin and prospects for its
development.

Papers were delivered by many
eminent Soviet and international
scientists followed by discussion
among seminar participants.

The second topic — the rational
use of resources of the Pacific
Basin — afforded particularly
informative discussion as Soviet
scientists outlined the measures
being taken in the USSR for the
protection and development of
natural resources.

History professor Mikhail
Polishchuk cited a section of a
resolution adopted by the Supreme
Soviet of the USSR on ‘‘Measures
for the Further Improvement of
Nature Protection and the Rational
Utilization of Natural Resources,”
stating that ‘the rational

utilization, protection and

reproduction of natural resources
_ and a thrifty attitude to nature is

part and parcel of the program of
building communism in the
USSR.”

Participants were also told of
further ways in which the Soviet
Union is solving pollution and other
environmental problems.

Pollution controls which are
considered to be the most stringent
in the world, have now become
mandatory for all Soviet industry.
A ban has been placed on leaded
gas as a result of problems of
pollution posed by automobile
exhaust. These are just two of
several measures adopted in the
Soviet Union, measures that the
business community in this
country is not even prepared to
consider because of cost or in-
convenience.

Besides the many laws that have
been enacted concerning the en-
vironment, there is also a massive
campaign underway ‘‘to instill a
new and socialist way of ap-
preciating nature,”’ as one Soviet
‘scientist put it.

This campaign has already
taken shape in educational in-
stitutions, not only in technical
universities where mandatory
courses on protection of the en-
vironment and rational use of
resources have been introduced,
but also in secondary schools
where the basic concepts of such
courses are being taught.

Considerable discussion took
place on the first and third topics
as well, allowing delegates to
discuss pressing problems of the
international youth and student
movement and to exchange

opinions on the question of
establishing various forms of
cooperation among the Pacific
Rim countries.

Several delegates from India,
representing organizations with
varying political views, gave
reports which outlined the problem
of nuclear bases in the Indian
Ocean and all demanded that the
bases be dismantled and the Indian
Ocean be declared a nuclear-free
zone.

Many common areas of work
were suggested and discussed such
as disarmament and the struggle
for peace as wellas the struggle for
economic independence of the
developing countries and the
establishment of equitable trade
and economic relations between
them and developed countries.

The fact that youth organizations
adhering to different political and
ideological orientations are
sometimes distrustful of each
other, was also taken into account »
and it was the sentiment of the
seminar that it is essential to
overcome this distrust and work
towards mutual understanding.

Delegates gave unanimous
support to the Asia Youth Council
for its plans to hold a festival of
culture in the Philippines and also
to the organizers of the World
Youth Festival to be held in
Havana, Cuba in 1978.

The week-long seminar made it
possible for the participants to
exchange ideas, discuss problems,
share information and to break
down some of the mistrust and
hostilities that so often hamper our
work,

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PACIFIC TRIBUNE—OCTOBER 8, 1976—Page 11