155 years in Latin America

By ANA LEONOR DIAZ
United States interventionist
Policy against Latin America has
ollowed an uninterrupted course
Since 1823, when President James
Monroe proclaimed thaf the Un-
a States government adopted
€ role of “‘protector’’ of the
newly independent nations south
of the river Bravo (Grande).
Other historic events, such as
€ 1846 invasion of Mexico,
Mark the application of this poli-
ae but as far back as 1783, two of
€ founders of the United States,
Omas Jefferson and Alexander
: amilton, urged the ‘creation of
aoe American system superior
Orce to any transatlantic con-
trol or influence’’.
The entire history of the
; €misphere prior to 1898 (year of
€ U.S. intervention in the Cu-
an Independence War and the
SCcupation of Puerto Rico, which
any until today) is the step by
i ep chronicle of United States in-
€Tventions in the American re-
Publics,
ee: Cuban national libera-
tk n eader Jose Marti denounced
e alliance with the Latin Ameri-
Can nations put forward by the
hited States with the calling in
ashington of the Panamerican

military interventions lasted eight
years (1926-34) and was fought by
the guerrilla forces headed by
General Augusto Cesar Sandino.
The final result was the
Washington-ordered assassina-
tion of Sandino and the installa-
tion of the Somoza dynasty.

* U.S. troops sacked the Haitian
treasury in 1914, and occupied the
country for 20 years, until the
Duvalier dynasty came to power
to guarantee U.S. interests. The
ruling family still remains in
power today.

In the Dominican Republic, the
United States has stepped in
militarily on four occasions, one
of them for eight years (1916-
1924) and most recently, in 1965,
it used over 40,000 troops to crush
the constitutionalist forces that

. had taken power in Santo Domin-

go. Thousands of Dominicans
were killed by the occupying
forces.

An important instrument for
intervention against progressive
governments in the region is the
Central Intelligence Agency. In
1954, the CIA spearheaded the

overthrow of a democratic, con-
stitutional government in
Guatemala, headed by President
Jacobo, Arbenz.

In Cuba, after the Revolution
that came to power in 1959, the
United States launched a string of
economic and political blockades.
It hatched plots to kill Cuban
leaders and to infiltrate agents ina
policy of continued hostility to-
ward its small neighbor.

Washington’s anti-Cuban ef-
forts met with one of their noisiest
failures with the defeat of a
mercenary invasion in April 1961
at Playa Giron (Bay Of Pigs).

Official U.S. government
documents disclosed the role of 8
the CIA, first in attempting to }
prevent the election of Salvador 2
Allende in Chile, and later to
overthrow his government.

Another traditional
Washington tool is the Organiza-
tion of American States, the reg-
ional _ body controled by
Washington that could always be
counted on to provide solid back-
ing to imperial policy in this part
of the world.

ntro Internacional de Prensa

} #

Part of the opening ceremonies at th

e World Youth Festival in Havana.

U.S. VOTES TO AID RHODESIA RACISTS
WASHINGTON — By 229 to 180 the U.S. House of Representa-
tives voted Aug. 2 to end its sanctions against the racist regime in
Rhodesia if elections are held there by the end of the year. This runs
counter to the UN Security Council which has asked all member states
to strictly carry out the 1966 UN resolutions calling for sanctions
against Rhodesia. The recently-concluded Organization of African
Unity conference declared the unilateral lifting of sanctions would be a

violation of the UN resolution.

AND VOTES TO ARM CHILE’S FASCIST JUNTA

: WASHINGTON — On the same day (Aug. 2) the House reversed
itself and defeated an amendment to stop shipment of arms to Chile
already underway. The shipment, valued at $24-million, was au-
thorized by a vote of 260-126.

Onference (direct predecessor of
5 © Organization of American
tates),
re Early in the 20 Century, with its
big stick’’ policy, the United
tates forced into the Cuban Con-

Canadians protest
jobs ban in FRG

TORONTO — More than 150

BELEFONTE ATTENDS 11th WORLD YOUTH FESTIVAL

forwarded pending an investiga- HAVANA — USS. singer-actor Harry Belefonte, a guest at the

stitution an amendment enabling
foo tvade the island militarily on
in Separate occasions; a treaty
Sina ne >on the illegal oc-
aes on of Panamanian territory;
SSA Series of armed interven-
Jn Nicaragua, Haiti and the
yanacan Republic.
n Nicaragua, the last of those
ec——_

( con Bolivian Labor Federation
prajee: has denounced a racist
cas he Te-settle southern Afri-
eeu in eastern Bolivia. The
ie ed “‘Rurrenabaque _pro-
eve Is being financed by the
ns of the Federal Re-
st © of Germany (West. Ger-
7m ae the Netherlands.

an is to re-settle about
a sees from Namibia
os est Africa) and Zim-
ne (Rhodesia) in’ eastern
provine: Beni and Santa Cruz
ity ee where the vast major-
as Inhabitants are Native
Sead (Indians). Ads have
me oe placed in the news
compa ya Dutch real estate
olivia offering the eastern
Price au land at the ‘‘incredible”’
that ae per acre, and stating
Settlers eo already Dutch
€ ad guarantees potential
millers the financial eaRiet of
Bank cee of America and the
aior B Oston, both U.S. banks.
Droje Olivian supporters of the
Ban ate Col. (President) Hugo

an :
Se Suarez and Guido
for: 8, Bolivia’s undersecretary

> MMi .
lichy ose ation. Strauss has pub-
wy ae that his aim in the pro-
Ment S to promote white settle-

people, including many leading
Canadian scholars, have signed a
petition addressed to the presi-
dent of the Federal Republic of
Germany protesting the profes-
sions ban (Berufsverbot) being
practiced in the FRG.

The petition, sponsored by the
Toronto Committee for Civil
Liberties in West Germany, was
circulated at the recent May-June
meeting of the Learned Societies
held at the University of Western
Ontario in London, Ontario. It
was then immediately delivered
by hand to the FRG consulate in
Toronto where officials said: it
would be transmitted to Bonn.

In a press release, the commit-
tee points out that “under the so-
called Berufsverbot legislation in
the FRG, approximately 1.3 mill-
ion applicants for positions in the
public service, including primary,
secondary and post-secondary
education, have been screened
for their political beliefs. As of
last fall, well over 4,000 individu-
als have been fired from their jobs
or had their applications rejected
on explicitly political grounds.

“Official reasons for such ac-
tions,’’ the committee points out,
‘have included: membership in
legal political parties or student
organizations; participation in
political demonstrations (includ-
ing ones held over 10 years ago);
criticizing the Berufsverbot sys-

_ tem itself and, in one case, visiting

a pizzeria claimed to be a meeting
place for Italian workers who be-
long to the Communist Party.”’
In addition to the petition on Its
way to Bonn, the executives of
both the Canadian Sociological
and Anthropological Association
and the Canadian Philisophical
Association were instructed by
votes of their members to protest
the legislation to the president and
chancellor of the FRG. In the
case of the Canadian Philosophi-
cal Society, this protest will be

tion of the situation there.

The.committee is also.distribut-
ing materials which document
several prominent cases and gives
verbatum testimony of political
hearings people are forced to
submit to in the FRG. Questions.
include not only specific demands
concerning _ political affiliation
(political parties, student groups,
labor unions, etc.), but also gen-
eral questions relating to views
about society, travel information
and types of television programs
watched.

World Youth Festival, spoke of a wave of anti-communist hysteria
unleashed by the U.S. media against Cuba. ‘‘Fortunately’’, said Be-
lefonte, “‘a large U.S. delegation is present and will report all that

happened. I will do the same.”’

HOLLYWOOD FINALLY GRANTS ROBESON A ‘STAR’
LOS ANGELES — Paul Robeson will finally get a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame. The decision came after nation-wide pro-
test over an earlier refusal by the Chamber of Commerce to grant the

world-famous singer a star.

Among the protests received were those from Los Angeles mayor
Tom Bradley and actor Jackie Cooper. When the Chamber granted a
star to Mickey Mouse, but refused one to Robeson, actor Edgar Bergen
offered to dedicate his star to Robeson who had appeared in a total of 13
films and 21 theatrical productions during his career.

Photo — Panorama DOR

mS

Police charged anti-fascist demonstrators in Frankfurt, G
, Ge
cannons and tear gas. The 15,000 were protesting the NOE CR hee Pe

POLICE CHARGE ANTI-FASCIST DEMONSTRATORS

28 Swanes

vA y ¥

planned mareh by fascists in that city.

Numerous placards recalled the Nazi takeover in 1933 and urged vigilance to ensure such occurr-

ences never be repeated.

PACIFIC TRIBUNE—AUGUST 18, 1978—Page 5