WFTU delegate, barred by U.S., wins way to UN Continuing harassment, by = : ere in an interview with Allied Labor head of the social and economic department ties was charged h by George Fischer, LAKE SUCCESS American and British authori- News ef the 70-million-member World Federation of Trade Unions and WETU consultant attached to the United Nations: Econo- mic and Social Council, who has finally arrived at Lake Success after having been confined to Ellis Island, shipped back to Paris and ordered “permanently excluded from the U.S. Leffers reveal British troops’ Korea protests : LONDON Many men of the 29th British Brigade recently sent to Korea Sang the “Red Flag’ as they re- turned to their ship from shore leave at Colombo, Ceylon. This was disclosed in letters from several soldiers in the brigade to their rel- atives in Britain and published in the London Daily Worker on Nov- ember 8, One of them wrote: “Many of the men as they were going up the gangway of the troopship Empress of Australia were shouting ‘Send us back to Civvy Street. Let us be with our wives and children.’ They were throwing coconuts at the officers and would not let the military police get on the ferry to 0 back to the ship.” The soldier adds that the cells of the troopship were full of men Under arrest and that two soldiers were going to be court-martialled, Another soldier writes that one of the men being court-martialled ae & gunner—gathered around an about 500 soldiers as they wen ashore in Port Said, and then spoke out openly against the Korean war. The soldier writes: “He felt like a lot of us about this bloody busi- ness , , . now he is awaiting court- martial for incitement to mutiny. Another letter, dated October 25, addressed by a soldier of the ae Brigade to his parents in the Nor : of England, referred to the grea Giscontent among the reservists 1n the brigade who were called back into the army. This letter con- cludes: “If it is all over by the time we get to Korea and they do not Send these fellows home straight away, there will be a mutiny in this brigade, It is certainly on the way €ven now.’”’ Another paper, the London Daily Mirror, under the glaring head- line “Brutality”, publishes 4 ‘Yeport from its Korean correspondent ex- Posing the “deliberate brutalities being carried out by the South Kor- ean forces.” More than 600 have already been €xecuted by court martial, states the correspondent, Don Greenlees. He reports that in one six-day per- iod alone Seoul’s single court mar- tial judged 267 cases, handing down 84 death sentences. “I have seen people bashed in- to unconsciousness with ‘rifle butts at police stations, by police extorting confessions,” — SAYS Greenlees. ~ Greenlees reports 60 men n one cell. measuring 15 by 9 feet; and another cell in which were 54 W0- men and 12 babies. aS Describing the trials, held in _Sroups of 40 prisoners, Greenless Says, “In more than a hundred cas- ©S I heard, no defence witnesses -@ppeared, and the official defence Counsel seemed only slightly less antagonistic than the prosecutor to the prisoner, No specific charges are made.” With sickening detail Green- less reports the executions, in- cluding those of women with babies, Ngee in previous efforts: to take up his duties. Reaching Lake Success after renewed trouble with police who seemed to regard both his person and belongings as dangerous, Fischer immediately presented a plan for Korean relief and rehab- ilitation which called for Korean independence, full participation of Korean and world labor in all work undertaken and restoration of union rights and freedom with- in that country. Talking to ALN after finally get- ting to UN headquarters with the aid of many delegations which pro. tested his previous exclusion, Fis- cher told how British police had held him for three hours at the London air field before he could proceed on his way and tied up and sealed his valise there “as though I could flood Britain with dangerous documents on my stop- over.” When he arrived in New York, Fischer said further, the val- ise could not be found and he re- ceived it, with the securing cord broken and retied, only two days later. Fischer explained that his pres- ent trip to UN headquarters was connected with two agenda items in which the WFTU was interested, the question of UN relief and re- ‘habilitation work in Korea, On the first question the WFETU had meant to bring up the effect of rearmament on workers but had so far had no opportunity as re- armament was regarded as a “pol- itical matter.” On relief and recon- struction in Korea, however, a. full WETU plan had been presented to the UN Economic and Social Coun- cil. “We favor a UN plan for this purpose,” Fischer told ALN, “but believe that it can only succeed if the war is stopped, all foreign forces are withdrawn and the Korean people can express their own will on their own destiny.” ing statements and figures tae US. sources, including state- ments by government officials and such persons as Oregon state sec- retary Stanley Earl, who served as !WCA adviser in Korea, Bischer con. tended that American control of South Korean economy even before the war had led to the closing down of 80 percent of the factories there and unemployment in excess of three million. trast, he said, North Kor- peee is much of which is now destroyed by U.S. bombing, expand- ed constantly, improved living standards and ended joblessness. This proved, he said in his presen- tation to the UN body, that Korea could not be rebuilt for her own people's penefit if foreigners con- trolled her economy. “Tt is the view of the WFTU that the labor movement must be con- sulted in the drafting of any re- habilitation program and must Pare ticipate in its application,’ Fise. ane said. “This means working wi Korean unions, which had a million members before the war, on . national scale. Internationally i means working with other trade union federations of the ae éountries, 45 well as with ; e WETU to which they are affiliat- ed.” ‘Saturation’ bombing-did this ak A AR Al Nfl AN had AL lal. This picture depicts the ultimate horror of “saturation” bombing—the war against civilians—as it is being carried out by the U.S. air force in Korea today. Such pictures taken in Coventry after Nazi planes had virtually levelled that British city shocked the civilized world. MacArthur uses Japanese troops against Koreans Japanese soldiers and sailors have been employed in the Korean war by General Douglas MacArthur. NEW YORK And General MacArthur has recreated a Japanese army of 75,000 men, most of whom fought against U.S. troops during the Second World War. These actions by the U.S. commander in the Far East, violating the Yalta, Potsdam and other international agreements forbidding the remilitarization of conquered zones, have been ‘bared in a recent series of articles by Keyes Beech, Tokyo correspon- dent of the Chicago Daily News. The articles have been syndi- cated and reprinted in whole or in part by newspapers throughout the U.S., including the San Fran- cisco Chronicle, Logs Angeles Mir- ror and Washington Evening Star. Indicating that this is only a partial account of the use of Ja- panese forces, Beech said: “The full story of Japanese participation in the Korean war has not been told for the obvi- ous reason that Japan is tech- nically, at least, an enemy na- _ tion.” Beech’s séries confirmed charges by the Korean People’s Republic to the UN that MacArthur was using Japanese military person- nel, The North Koreans told the UN that Japanese troops were employed by MacArthur in fight- ing in the Seoul sector, that one company was used in the Chol- won sector and that many Japa- nese soldiers were in the 7th and 8th divisions of Syngman Rhee’s troops. Beech also disclosed the fact that 5,000 former Japanese army officers are today training four new army divisions which Mac- Arthur ordered established un- der the guise of a “National Police Reserve.” : : He said U.S. Army officials are directing the training of the Japa- nese officers and enlisted men. U.S. equipment and arms are be- ing supplied the Japanese divisions and training is being’ conducted in army camps by U.S. troops now fighting in Korea. Beech said the “police reserve — tries hard not to look like an army but doesn’t succeed very well. Trim khaki-clad recruits are now appearing on the streets in large numbers and they look and act more like soldiers than policemen.” Civilian head of this “police re serve” is Keichi Masuhara who told Beech “if Japan is permitted to rearm and the constitution jis changed it would be comparatively easy for the police reserve to become an army.’ Masuhara ad- ded, “however, under present con- ditions, the force exists for police purposes only in case of wide- spread civil disorder in Japan.” Applicants for this recruited fascist force are carefully screen- ed. Service in the Mikado’s smashed army is apparently the first requirement. : Beach concluded that more than 37,500 of this “police re- serve” saw action against Ame- ricans in the Pacific and Burma and against the Chinese. He revealed that MacArthur lift- ed the restriction against the in- clusion of 3,000 Japanese “career” officers a few weeks ago. The officers had been barred from the “police reserve” if they had been trained before the Japanese at- tacked Pearl Harbor. . Then MacArthur reversed the order and “Japanese editors were advised to handle the story with care lest the people get the wrong impression,” Beech report- ed. . “The editors responded with such care they never printed the story,” he added. FROM BRITAIN, AUSTRALIA Socialist doctrines, will invite courts. cabinet members, have declined tion.” ‘11’ seek legal aid Due to the repressive political atmosphere in the United States, the 11 Communist leaders are seeking “additional compet- ent cousenl’ abroad to help argue the unconstitutionality of the Smith Act before the U.S, Supreme Court, it has been announced. The 11 leaders, convicted in Federal Court here in October, 1949 of organizing a party to “teach and advocate” Marxist Britain and Australia to take part in their defense. One of those under consideration by the Communist leaders is Herbert Evatt, former Australian delegate to the United Nations. Evatt recently defended the Communist Party of Australia in his country’s Twenty-four nationally known lawyers, including former leaders. Many of them, however, expressed agreement with the opinion of Prof, Zachariah M. Chafee of Harvard Law School that the advocate section of the Smith Act is a full-fledged sedition law, which does not rest on any express power in the Constitu- The 24 prominent attorneys unanimously expressed a deep reluctance to take the case because of social, business and family pressures. Most said frankly that the current political atmosphere made it “inadvisable” for them to participate despite their serious doubts about the law’s constitutionality. j The constitutionality of the Smith Act, passed in 1940, is scheduled ‘to be argued before the high court on December 4. Conviction of the 11 was affirmed by the Court of Appeals in August, Ten of the 11 received five-year sentences and one three years because of his war record. NEW YORK prominent attorneys in Great to represent the 11 Communist PACIFIC TRIBUNE — NOVEMBER 24, 1950 — PAGE 3