WHAT DOES EISENHOWER DOCTRINE MEAN?

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PREMIER NEHRU:

NEW DELHI
Indian Premier Jawaharlal
| Nehru warned President Eis-
# “Shower last week that any
a attempt by “any outside pow-
@ er” to fill the alleged “power
vacuum” in the Middle Hast

“If in reatity there is a pow-
€r vacuum in West Asia which
has to be filled, it has to be
filled by the. countries of West
Asia themselves through their
Strength, unity and progress,”
Nehru said,

He also warned specificelly
88ainst the use of outside mili-
tary forces in the area and ap-
bealed for the money now
| leas on “military aid” to

, 2¢ used instead to remove ‘pov-
)érty,

_ Nehru who was speaking to
om € annual conference ot the
ng. Indian National Congress party
qe ndore, and who nas only

“ecently returned from talks

m™ Made no direct reference to
\

wSOCIALIST

the Eisennower message on

the Middle Wast.

Instead he attacked the
theory of the “power vacuum”
which is being used to justify
American intervention.

This idea “is the dangerous
one that if the rule of a for-
eign power ceases to exist-in
any area, or its influence be-
comes less, a power vacuum
is created,” he said.

The British had ruled India
and had been compelled to
withdraw. But the withdraw-
al did not create any “power
vacuum” in India.

“This power vacuum theory”
was utterly wrong. It created
a race among the big powers
to cut out spheres of influ-
ence, establish their influence
over ‘other countriés and sub-
_vert their independence.

- Nehru also. warned that the
cold war had been intensified
and was spreading more and
more. He was “sorry that
some people are again looking

BLOC

rons

to the sword more and more
and are threatening others
with this sword.”

Why did countries become
weak? Ultimately some coun-
tries were weak because their

PREMIER NEHRU

economic condition was not
good. They were backward
and there was poverty there.

“If any foreign power
marches into such countries
with its army the question of
poverty there will not be
solved,” he said.

Military aid and military ar-
maments were being given to
some countries by outsiders.
If only one-tenth of this aid
had been spent on removing
poverty the face of the world
would have changed for the
better. :

The Eisenhower program
for intensified U.S. interven-
tion in the Middle East was
announced by the president
on January 5 in a message to
both Houses of Congress.

Aiming at a “protectorate”
over the whole Middle East
so as to expand the holdings
of the big U.S. oil monopolies
the program had three points,

Economic “assistance” to

any and all Middle Eastern
countries which agree to fit in

“Power vacuum theory is wrong’

with American plans (though,
unlike previous plans, there
will be no formal U.S. treaty
control of such aid).
2 Military “assistance and
cooperation” with any and
all Middle Eastern countries
which are ready to fit in with
American military plans;
3 Such “assistance and co-
operation” to include the
use of U.S. armed forces if

any government should “re-
quest” them on the excuse
they were wanted “against

overt aggression from:any na-
tion controlled by internation-
al Communism.”

This “cold war” program
was moved by President His-
enhower in a statement which
alleged that: “Russia’s rulers
have long sought to dominate
the Middle East.”

It urged both the religious
significance of Jerusalem.and
the Middle East’s possession
of two-thirds of the worid oil
reserves as reasons justifying
U.S. intervention. ~

“Interference in Middle East’

i MOSCOW-
i) Western attempts to return
sf f° cold war have been con-
a demned at top-level talks in
Pudapest attended by two So-
ipviet leaders, Nikita Krush-
Ychev and Georgi Malenkov.
ch? Report of the talks, held
tng the first week of the
€w Year, was publisned in
Pea last week. It discles-
that the meeting attended

°¥ Soviet, Hungarian, Czecho-

Bovekian, Rumanian and
& en political leaders,
ad taken a strong stand

egainst U.S. intervention in

the Middl i
lead *{ le East as likely to

The meeting in Budapest:
yarned that the interna-
Io Hohal situation was deter-
a rating due to “actions of the
bee essive circles of the Wes-
™ powers which are trying
<> (eturn to the ‘cold war.”
? ondemned the new Eisen-
eet plan for the Middle
nals es a “broad measure to
ee e€ the countries of the
“St and Middle East “and
‘Part of the USS. plan to push
“S “Colonial aspirations.”
: Peres the “normaliza-
‘ n of the political situa-
Se and economic life in Hun-
Bee and pledged “manifold
ae and assistance” to
fie Sary to guarantee “its
~SPendence and ___ security

from, the encroachments of ag-
gressive imperialistic forces.”
Once more urged that the
world take the path to
peace: by agreeing to disarma-
ment and all-in collective se-
curity for Europe.

The comnaunique issued at

the close of the talks reported:-

“All the participants of the
meeting came to the unani-
mous conclusion that: attempts
to destroy the People’s Demo-
cratic regime and the socialist
achievements of the Hungarian
people were smashed by the
efforts of the workers of Hun-
gary under the leadership of
the Hungarian Revolutionary
‘Workers and Peasanis’ govern-
ment and with the assistance
of Soviet armed forces.

“The threat of the establish-
ment of a fascist dictatorship
in, Hungary was averted, and
the intrigue of internal coun-
ter-revolution and aggressive
imperialist. circles to turn
Hungary into a dangerous hot-
bed of a new war in Europe
were foiled.”

On President Eisenhower’s
message to the U.S. Congress
proposing a doctrine of “con-
tainment for the Middle East
the communique said:

“As a result of the exchange
of opinions on topical quest-
ions of the international sit-
uation, the participants of the
meeting noted that recently
there had occurred a signifi-

cant deterioration in the in-

ternational situation, caused
by the actions of the aggres-
sive circles of Western powers,
who are trying to return to
the world the ‘cold war.’

“Evidence of this is to be
found both in the Anglo-
French-Israeli aggression
‘against Egypt and in the ac-
tions: of imperialist circles in
Hungary.

“The sharpening of interna-
tional tension is also caused
by the actions. of the United
States, which is taking broad

new measures to enslave the

countries of the Near and the
Middle East.

“Evidence of these colonial
aspirations of the U.S. is given
by the so-called ‘Eisenhower-
Dulles doctrine.’ 5

An essential part of this ‘doc-
trine’ is the special authority
of the president of the U.S. to
use, at his discretion, Ameri-
can armed forces in the Near
and Middle East.

“The crude interference .of
American. monopolist capital
and its militaristic circles in
the affairs of the countries of
the Near and Middle East
would lead to a new, serious
deterioration of the situation
in this region, which was re-
cently the scene of - military
actions caused by the aggres-
sion against Egypt.

“The whole responsibility
for the deterioration of the

~

situation’ in. the Near and
Middle East, with all the con-
sequences arising from this,
would in that case fall on’ the
United States.

“The interests of the peo-
ples of the Near and Middle
East and the interests of sup-
porting tranquility and peace
in this region demands that all
states should make efforts .to

liquidate the results of ag-

gression: against. Egypt and
not to permit any kind of in-
terference: from outside in the
affairs of the states of the Near
and Middle East or damage to
their sovereignty and indepen-
dence.

“The Socialist states, consis-

NamttA ASUSHUHEV

tently defending the cause of
peace between peoples, are ex-
erting every effort not to
permit a return to the ‘cold
war.’

“They are fully determined
to use the forces of the, social-
ist system and their influence
to foil attempts by aggressive
circles aimed at a further de-
terioration in the internation-
al situation and at stepping
up the arms race and at fan-
ning a war psychosis.

“They are firmly convinced
that the possibilities of im-
proving relations between
states.and guaranteeing a gen-
uine security of the nations
are still far from exhausted.

“In modern conditions a
practical step aimed at reduc-
ing armaments and armed
forces of states and at banning
such. dangerous, destructive
types of weapons as atomic and
hydrogen weapons, would
have tremendous significance.
" “The creation of a system
of collective security in Eur-
ope would answer the inter-
ests of security of all European

- peoples as well as all peoples

of the world.

“The participants of the
meeting expressed firm con-
viction that all socialist states
will still further close their
ranks, will defend their .un- |
breakable unity and rebuff all
attempts aimed at shaking and
weakening the socialist camp.”

JANUARY 18, 1957 — PACIFIC TRIBUNE—PAGE 3