4 } prom Dream... f ...To Reality By LESLIE MORRIS HAT the New York Times and the Globe and Mail published » 0 full the official English text of the new draft program lle Communist Party of the Soviet Union, is remarkable. Course, the editors havent suddenly embraced communist The’y published the program as a means of attacking it, § that people in the U.S.A. and Canada would be, at the amused by the daring of the assertion that in 20 years ow all the basic problems of human society will have 4 ved in the communist system. ‘But we should not look a gift horse in the mouth. Thous- Sof people, even if they do not read all the 50,000 words Only scan them, will not but be impressed by the confidence le program, its vigor, its Communist optimism, its spacious V of the future, in contrast with the turgid pessimism of Malist civilization. % % P OMMUNISTS are people who put their programs into Practice. We shall see if Tommy Douglas will do the same. d a 1903, in.a church in the east end of London, the Russian i liasts adopted their first program calling for the overthrow ie hung, esarist autocracy, land for the peasants, a democratic AP Tp. blic, the nine-hour working day, and declared that these # Mor liberating demands would merge with the struggle for a) ~2g-class socialist power. & Ibe Th 1917-19 that program was carried out by the actions of al ae: under Communist leadership. : i Kt 1919, after two years of discussion led by Lenin, the } Hi ‘program was adopted in which the audacious and yet uncharted prospect of building socialism was boldly Yited. Here was a country whose economic production had ty ‘1 below the level of 1913, literally in ruins as a result of 7 tp, Mialist war, civil war and armed intervention by the very nl ieee forces who seek its destruction even today (includ- { » to our everlasting shame, Canada), setting out on the road , an transformation of society in the interests of the common ie | eg 0. hy Neither the 1903 nor the 1919 programs were published 4 © New York Times or the Globe or the Mail and Empire, a 4 Mg yiclless to say. It is easy to see why and interesting to specu- '*Why they print the 1961 one.) i bby the late 1930’s, after the victory of socialist cooperation s fhyericulture and its former 20 million inefficient farms, the / bree? people fulfilled the 1919 program. Had they not been / 1,80 by the Munichites into the Second World War, with all jW,*Wtul destruction of life and plant, the new draft program Ho € building of communism would have been written and ; hpied years ago. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union j Nay, he opinion that they lost the equivalent of two five-year in World: War 2. * * * d d q j : how we have the new draft program for the building of a communist society where the long-dreamed-of principle of i ®8ch man according to his need” will be the law of social hay “ € should remember, in reading the draft, that communism “T,come transformed from, first, the dream of man for per- d Ny gat easemen from hunger and want, to, second, a science (wee laid bare the social laws that govern man’s fate and is © that these laws lead inexorably to social ownership of Iho, Means of life, to; third, the reality of socialism and its | €ment to the higher phase of communism. K Whi at is the line of march of all modern human history, in My, ich all peoples and countries, without exception, will take iy? In their own time, and under their own special circum- i CS of course; but the latter are secondary and relatively fhign Ortant features of the main direction of human history, i 1s, to communism. RE editorial writers and columnists who sneer at the draft tig Program as “‘pie in the sky’ and deplore the Soviet Union’s &ctence on solving the material problems of human existence Mhoreass materialism” and “vulgarity”, are people who know = their next-meal is coming from, and.have just finished a at Y-good one. It is easy to be a trancendental ‘‘idealist” on a Np re ee» , stomach and to condemn as “materialist”? the millions who fox ursed from cradle to grave by material necessity — in a Hye first time in history makes it possible to adequately feed; » “© and house every human being. “peeyt 374 * * hag oved then in no other way, it is now possible to prove it . Y. i Every day brings that lesson home anéw to the world’s ti aos. Yuri Gagarin was followed, less than two months after Nay Pace flight, by an achievement which overshadowed his + “ificent feat. 3 Soars Retice ve] at is the measure of the tempo of communist human toy fgument. And is it not obvious that if the Soviet people had Ne growed the leadership of the Communists,-had not seized 03 and 1919 programs and made them their own, as they Ba, Seizing the 1961 program—that there would have been } qearin, no Titov, and no such prospect of the eternal ban- ley nt of poverty, ‘war and ignorance as it is graphically Ted in the new draft program? @ in the throes of a scientific-technical revolution Wwhich'|f M/HAT upsets them is, that whereas the superiority of com-|§ munism once had to be proven theoretically and could, By MAX REICH PT Staff Correspondent BERLIN—How much is the attempt to carry out subversive activities in the socialist coun- tries worth to the United States? Hundreds of millions of dol- lars are set aside in the US. budget directly for such pur- poses, in addition to vast sums that are hidden under other names, like various assistance programs, and the enormous cost of the Central Intelligence Agency and its network of agents. For here, not on the border of the socialist world, but deep inside it, socialist East Berlin presents an open uncoritrol- lable border to the capitalist world, an area of continuous imperialist penetration into the socialist GDR and other social- ist countries. You can imagine how valu- able West Berlin—this ‘“‘break- through”’ into the socialist bas- tion — is to the USA, and how much they are ready to spend — and do spend — to utilize the breach to the limit. Tens of thousands of GDR citizens on their way to and from work pass through West Berlin. Hundreds of thousands of people cross every day in each direction. This continuous stream of hundreds of thousands of peo- ple into and out of East Berlin presents a unique chance for thousands who want to use it as a cover to slip through un- noticed. You can be sure that im- perialism is making the maxi- mum use of this opportunity, and is involving the maximum, number of people in their various operations. The least they can do, is economic sabotage. And they managed to involve in this one operation tens of thousands of citizens of East Berlin. a * * The lever by means of which the West can turn Berlin’s traffic into massive economic sabotage, is the exchange rate. In West Berlin you can buy 414 East marks for one West mark. Not on the black mar- ket, but officially at exchange centres. West Berlin radio stations announce after every news broadcast, how many West marks you have to pay for 100 East marks. This rate of exchange does not correspond to the true value of the East mark but, for reasons you will soon see, is artificially maintained. (In 1958, the West. Ger- man Bank stated the true value relation to be 1 West mark to 114 East marks. In 1961, the West German eco- nomic expert Professor Thal- heim calculated the value of the West mark as between 1.1 and 1.2 East mark). The following incident ex- poses the manipulations be- hind the “official” exchange rate. On Oct. 18, 1958 a new cur- rency was issued in East Ger- many and the old currency de- clared valueless. One result was that hund- reds of millions of East marks hoarded in West Berlin became Mrs. Roosevelt hits * Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt warned last week that war over West Berlin, whether by nuclear or conventional weapons, would doom civilization. A war that began with conventional weapons, she said, would end up as a nuclear war. She condemned the proposal of a preventive war, ad- vanced by some to “solve the Soviet threat” to the city. preventive war’ talk MURDER AT BIZERTA. Photo shows bodies of two Bizerta civilians burned by napalm bombs during recent fighting in which French forces attacked Tunisians. West Berlin: operating base for sabotage, subversion valueless. Another was that West Berlin found itself with- out East currency. For the first period after the currency exchange, only a trickle of East marks found its way into West Berlin, com- pared to requirements. There was no money available to pay East Berlin residents who work in West Berlin, receiving one third of their wages in East marks. In addition there was the big demand for East marks of the very same people who wanted to exchange their West mark earnings into East marks at the — for them very pro- fitable — West Berlin rate of 1 to 414, but supply of East marks fell far behind demand. If you asked at a West Ber- lin exchange centre in those days for 100 East marks, you might be given five. According to the law of supply and demand, the price for East marks should have risen. But in this “Citadel of freedom,” that is West Berlin, the law of supply and demand refused to exercise its effect. The very few East marks you could obtain were still sold to you at the unchanged rate of 4% East marks for one West! Because for the saboteurs in West Berlin it is vital to main- tain this unreal artificial ex- change rate, for two reasons: (1) For draining East Berlin’s manpower; (2) For manipulat- ing economic sabotage. * a * It is a financial attraction for East Berlin residents to work in West Berlin. They re- tain the advantages of cheap rent and cheap prices in the East, and are paid. two-thirds of their wages in West marks. For every 100 West marks they exchange, they receive 450 East marks. Since they can do their purchasing in East Berlin, they are four times as well off as either West or East Berlin workers. There are at present 60,000 of such border-crossers. “Gren=. zgaenger” as they are called, who work in West Berlin but live and consume in East Ber- lin. To this number at leasfé. another 30,000 have to be added, who work in West Ber- lin “unofficially.” For the GDR this means on the one hand a loss of badly needed manpower, on the othe er a large group of parasites, who do not contribute any ser- vice or work towards the so- cialist society whose fruit they share, and whose consumption potential is four times as high as that of the productive citizens. August 18, 1961—PACIFIC TRIBUNE—Page 7