4 }

prom Dream...
f ...To Reality

By LESLIE MORRIS

HAT the New York Times and the Globe and Mail published
» 0 full the official English text of the new draft program
lle Communist Party of the Soviet Union, is remarkable.
Course, the editors havent suddenly embraced communist
The’y published the program as a means of attacking it,
§ that people in the U.S.A. and Canada would be, at the
amused by the daring of the assertion that in 20 years
ow all the basic problems of human society will have
4 ved in the communist system.

‘But we should not look a gift horse in the mouth. Thous-
Sof people, even if they do not read all the 50,000 words
Only scan them, will not but be impressed by the confidence
le program, its vigor, its Communist optimism, its spacious
V of the future, in contrast with the turgid pessimism of
Malist civilization.

% %
P OMMUNISTS are people who put their programs into
Practice. We shall see if Tommy Douglas will do the same.
d a 1903, in.a church in the east end of London, the Russian
i liasts adopted their first program calling for the overthrow
ie hung, esarist autocracy, land for the peasants, a democratic
AP Tp. blic, the nine-hour working day, and declared that these
# Mor liberating demands would merge with the struggle for
a) ~2g-class socialist power.
& Ibe Th 1917-19 that program was carried out by the actions of
al ae: under Communist leadership. :
i Kt 1919, after two years of discussion led by Lenin, the
} Hi ‘program was adopted in which the audacious and
yet uncharted prospect of building socialism was boldly
Yited. Here was a country whose economic production had
ty ‘1 below the level of 1913, literally in ruins as a result of
7 tp, Mialist war, civil war and armed intervention by the very
nl ieee forces who seek its destruction even today (includ-
{ » to our everlasting shame, Canada), setting out on the road
, an transformation of society in the interests of the common
ie | eg
0. hy Neither the 1903 nor the 1919 programs were published
4 © New York Times or the Globe or the Mail and Empire,
a

4

Mg

yiclless to say. It is easy to see why and interesting to specu-
'*Why they print the 1961 one.)
i bby the late 1930’s, after the victory of socialist cooperation
s fhyericulture and its former 20 million inefficient farms, the
/ bree? people fulfilled the 1919 program. Had they not been
/ 1,80 by the Munichites into the Second World War, with all
jW,*Wtul destruction of life and plant, the new draft program
Ho € building of communism would have been written and
; hpied years ago. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union
j Nay, he opinion that they lost the equivalent of two five-year
in World: War 2.

* * *
d
d
q
j

: how we have the new draft program for the building of a
communist society where the long-dreamed-of principle of
i ®8ch man according to his need” will be the law of social

hay “ € should remember, in reading the draft, that communism
“T,come transformed from, first, the dream of man for per-
d Ny gat easemen from hunger and want, to, second, a science

(wee laid bare the social laws that govern man’s fate and
is © that these laws lead inexorably to social ownership of
Iho, Means of life, to; third, the reality of socialism and its
| €ment to the higher phase of communism.
K Whi at is the line of march of all modern human history, in
My, ich all peoples and countries, without exception, will take
iy? In their own time, and under their own special circum-
i CS of course; but the latter are secondary and relatively
fhign Ortant features of the main direction of human history,
i 1s, to communism.

RE editorial writers and columnists who sneer at the draft
tig Program as “‘pie in the sky’ and deplore the Soviet Union’s
&ctence on solving the material problems of human existence
Mhoreass materialism” and “vulgarity”, are people who know
= their next-meal is coming from, and.have just finished a
at Y-good one. It is easy to be a trancendental ‘‘idealist” on a
Np

re

ee»

, stomach and to condemn as “materialist”? the millions who

fox ursed from cradle to grave by material necessity — in a

Hye first time in history makes it possible to adequately feed;

» “© and house every human being. “peeyt 374
* *

hag oved then in no other way, it is now possible to prove it
. Y.
i Every day brings that lesson home anéw to the world’s
ti aos. Yuri Gagarin was followed, less than two months after
Nay Pace flight, by an achievement which overshadowed his
+ “ificent feat. 3 Soars Retice
ve] at is the measure of the tempo of communist human
toy fgument. And is it not obvious that if the Soviet people had
Ne growed the leadership of the Communists,-had not seized
03 and 1919 programs and made them their own, as they
Ba, Seizing the 1961 program—that there would have been
} qearin, no Titov, and no such prospect of the eternal ban-
ley nt of poverty, ‘war and ignorance as it is graphically
Ted in the new draft program?

@ in the throes of a scientific-technical revolution Wwhich'|f

M/HAT upsets them is, that whereas the superiority of com-|§
munism once had to be proven theoretically and could,

By MAX REICH
PT Staff Correspondent

BERLIN—How much is the
attempt to carry out subversive
activities in the socialist coun-
tries worth to the United
States?

Hundreds of millions of dol-
lars are set aside in the US.
budget directly for such pur-
poses, in addition to vast sums
that are hidden under other
names, like various assistance
programs, and the enormous
cost of the Central Intelligence
Agency and its network of
agents.

For here, not on the border
of the socialist world, but deep
inside it, socialist East Berlin
presents an open uncoritrol-
lable border to the capitalist
world, an area of continuous
imperialist penetration into the
socialist GDR and other social-
ist countries.

You can imagine how valu-
able West Berlin—this ‘“‘break-
through”’ into the socialist bas-
tion — is to the USA, and how
much they are ready to spend
— and do spend — to utilize
the breach to the limit.

Tens of thousands of GDR
citizens on their way to and
from work pass through West
Berlin. Hundreds of thousands
of people cross every day in
each direction.

This continuous stream of
hundreds of thousands of peo-
ple into and out of East Berlin
presents a unique chance for
thousands who want to use it
as a cover to slip through un-
noticed.

You can be sure that im-
perialism is making the maxi-
mum use of this opportunity,

and is involving the maximum,
number of people in their
various operations.

The least they can do, is
economic sabotage. And they
managed to involve in this one
operation tens of thousands of
citizens of East Berlin.

a * *

The lever by means of which
the West can turn Berlin’s
traffic into massive economic
sabotage, is the exchange rate.

In West Berlin you can buy
414 East marks for one West
mark. Not on the black mar-
ket, but officially at exchange
centres.

West Berlin radio stations
announce after every news
broadcast, how many West
marks you have to pay for 100
East marks.

This rate of exchange does
not correspond to the true
value of the East mark but,
for reasons you will soon see,
is artificially maintained.

(In 1958, the West. Ger-
man Bank stated the true
value relation to be 1 West
mark to 114 East marks. In
1961, the West German eco-
nomic expert Professor Thal-
heim calculated the value of
the West mark as between 1.1
and 1.2 East mark).

The following incident ex-
poses the manipulations be-
hind the “official” exchange
rate.

On Oct. 18, 1958 a new cur-
rency was issued in East Ger-
many and the old currency de-
clared valueless.

One result was that hund-
reds of millions of East marks
hoarded in West Berlin became

Mrs. Roosevelt hits *

Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt warned last week that war over
West Berlin, whether by nuclear or conventional weapons,
would doom civilization. A war that began with conventional
weapons, she said, would end up as a nuclear war.

She condemned the proposal of a preventive war, ad-
vanced by some to “solve the Soviet threat” to the city.

preventive war’ talk

MURDER AT BIZERTA. Photo shows bodies of two
Bizerta civilians burned by napalm bombs during recent
fighting in which French forces attacked Tunisians.

West Berlin: operating base
for sabotage, subversion

valueless. Another was that
West Berlin found itself with-
out East currency.

For the first period after
the currency exchange, only a
trickle of East marks found
its way into West Berlin, com-
pared to requirements. There
was no money available to pay
East Berlin residents who
work in West Berlin, receiving
one third of their wages in
East marks.

In addition there was the
big demand for East marks of
the very same people who
wanted to exchange their West
mark earnings into East marks
at the — for them very pro-
fitable — West Berlin rate of
1 to 414, but supply of East
marks fell far behind demand.

If you asked at a West Ber-
lin exchange centre in those
days for 100 East marks, you
might be given five.

According to the law of
supply and demand, the price
for East marks should have
risen. But in this “Citadel of
freedom,” that is West Berlin,
the law of supply and demand
refused to exercise its effect.
The very few East marks you
could obtain were still sold
to you at the unchanged rate
of 4% East marks for one
West!

Because for the saboteurs in
West Berlin it is vital to main-
tain this unreal artificial ex-
change rate, for two reasons:
(1) For draining East Berlin’s
manpower; (2) For manipulat-
ing economic sabotage.

* a *

It is a financial attraction
for East Berlin residents to
work in West Berlin. They re-
tain the advantages of cheap
rent and cheap prices in the
East, and are paid. two-thirds
of their wages in West marks.

For every 100 West marks
they exchange, they receive
450 East marks. Since they can
do their purchasing in East
Berlin, they are four times as
well off as either West or East
Berlin workers.

There are at present 60,000
of such border-crossers. “Gren=.
zgaenger” as they are called,
who work in West Berlin but
live and consume in East Ber-
lin. To this number at leasfé.
another 30,000 have to be
added, who work in West Ber-

lin “unofficially.”
For the GDR this means on

the one hand a loss of badly
needed manpower, on the othe

er a large group of parasites,

who do not contribute any ser-

vice or work towards the so-

cialist society whose fruit they
share, and whose consumption
potential is four times as high
as that of the productive
citizens.

August 18, 1961—PACIFIC TRIBUNE—Page 7