ew duivalent 7 Now contains the of P Of more than 25 tons 0 ‘nd chilg T every man, woman # alive today. i : ‘ ag currently wast- mre ihe oA On armaments ‘ © year 90 Otal production for ff Petts ba; 00: Most. military ex- ot ficien Ae we now have Gat Structive : : : power to Hf times Geind three or four d . Yet thi ing of mee despite a say- tie Withd, 0 million dollars on UPlanes) ae of troops (not RES m Vietn mm am, the | *xpendithe ses to increase arms And the by 8 1)» | New Birates: iS to be “a major ag ULMs 8IC initiative’ known nderwater Long- range Missile System) which will be faster, bigger and more difficult to detect than Polaris and Poseidon nuclear submari- nes. These submarines are able to stay underwater for three months at a time and, according to the U.S. Defense Department are “virtually invulnerable to- day” and should remain so for at least five or seven years (Melvin Laird). The deterrent theory argues that these missiles could be used after a nuclear war has ended. This “second strike” re- tribution would “deter” the ‘“‘ag- gressor” from making a “first- strike’? attack. : : So, every Polaris submarine is equipped with 16 missiles, * -History. Moscow University Canadian history course By ELENA KAVELINA For eight years—since 1963— a students’ seminar on the his- tory of Canada has been func- tioning at the historical faculty of the Moscow University. Its participants discuss problems pertaining to the historical de- velopment of Canada from the establishment of statehood to today. The students’ work is super- vised! by candidate of historical sciences and senior lecturer at the faculty Oleg Soroko- Tsyupa. He is one of the semi- nar’s initiators at the depart- ment of Modern and Current Studied in Toronto In 1963, on graduating from the Moscow Institute of Inter- national Relations and present- ing his candidate’s thesis, Oleg Soroko-Tsyupa came to work at the Moscow University. Besides delivering lectures on current history and supervising the seminar .on Canadian history, the young historian engages in research on the history of the Canadian labor movement in the 30s. In 1966, in connection with his research, Soroko - Tsyupa spent nine months as a special student of the University of To- ronto as part of the scientific exchange programme existing between the U. of T. and the Ministry of Higher and Second- ary Special ' Education of the USSR. © “In Canada I worked mainly in archives and libraries,” re- calls Soroko-Tsyupa. “Among other things, I did a lot of read- ing at the Canadian public ar- chives in Ottawa and at the Provincial Archives in Toronto, as well as at libraries of the Department of Labor in Ottawa and the Carleton University. Everywhere I received invalu- able help from the officials of these establishments and my colleagues among Canadian his- torians. As a result I was able to collect extremely valuable New and better ways of killing each of which possesses three Multiple Re-entry Vehicles (MRV) nuclear warheads. Each one of these 48 warheads could do as much damage as all the bombing of the Second World War. It is reasonable to doubt whether these submarines are purely for retaliatory ‘“second- strikes.” Britain and the U.S. have over 40 of these ships. Moreover, most of the US.., submarines are fitted with Po- seidon Multiple Independently- targeted Re-entry Vehicles (MIRV) warheads.. Whatever doubts one may have concerning Polaris there can be little doubt that Poseidon is a highly effective first-strike weapon. Against this background it is clear that the projected ULMS submarines have only one pur- pose — aggression. | Each ULMS vessel will have 24 MIRV missiles with ranges of 6,000 miles. They will be able to move over 10 times the sea area of the Polaris/ Poseidon submarines and can encircle the Soviet Union in preparing for an attack. On this occasion President Nixon hardly paid lip service to the usual protestation of peaceful intentions. term papers. material which proved useful not only in my own research but in the work of the student seminar. As a rule, the number of students applying for the semi- nar exceeds the amount it can take. Each year Soroko-Tsyupa selects a group of three or four students. The participants are enrolled from third-year stud- ents who by this time possess sufficient theoretical knowledge and a certain practical experi- ence in research, acquired dur- ing their first two years at the university. During their first and second years, students attend lectures on philosophy, ancient history and certain periods. of the his- tory of the USSR. Apart from a satisfactory knowledge of these subjects, admittance to the seminar requires a fairly good mastery of French or Eng- lish. The students learn the second language at the seminar itself. : First Steps At the initial lessons the group teacher inures the stud- ent in the practical fundamen- tals of independent research. As Oleg Soroko-Tsyupa believes, from the very start, the main thing for the students is to de- velop the habit of referring to primary sources related to the problem under study. Hence, during their first year at the seminar, students discuss such documents as the British North America Act or the Lands Act —one of the first acts of Cana- dian legislation. While documentary sources— the most difficult for study— are dealt with at lessons, other literature is left for independent reading. This includes the works of such Canadian historians as D. ‘Creighton, W. Morten, D. Lower, G. Lanctot, “As regards the latest publi- cations. on Canada,” says Galya Nosova, a member of the semi- nar,” we try to find them our- selves. So, not long ago I came across what I think is a very in- teresting book: B. Hutchinson’s ‘The Unknown Country’, and a work by the Soviet historian A. Lidin ‘The State System of Canada.’ Of great use to all our group was a series of books is- sued in Canada for the centen- ary of Canadian statehood.” The students employ not only the funds of the University li- brary, but the Soviet Union’s largest book depositories locat- ed in Moscow: the Historical Library (2.5 million volumes), the All-Union Library of foreign literature (4 million vols. in 128 languages of the world), and of its 25 million volumes—one of course, the Lenin library, with the world’s largest institutions of its kind. AP to Science Towards the end of their first year at the seminar, the stud- ents choose themes — at first rather narrow — for their earli- est independent research papers. On completion, the year’s pap- ers, as we call it, are discussed by the group and only then assess- ed by the teacher. The themes are drawn mainly from the last hundred years of Canadian his- tory. The year’s paper — the stud- ent’s first attempt to formulate his historical views — may la- ter become part of his diploma work, publicly presented in spring at the end of his last term. In case of successful pres- entation, the student receives a historian’s diploma. (APN) banned commercial: ae GIRL: Daddy, why are we poor? -got for her. their boss—we can’t. law doesn't give them they stay poor, “MAN: What kind of question is that? Se GIRL: Well, what happens to the money from work? Why does Mommy say there’s never enough? tt MAN: (Slowly and. thoughtfully.) Well, it goes for food. and rent, clothes for you and Jimmy. (Pause.) BP ih he : GIRL: (Eagerly.) Daddy ... if you asked your boss for more money you could buy me a bike like Janie’s daddy MAN: Where Janie’s daddy works, ‘they can bargain with GIRL: (Pouting.) Are we always going to be'poorke - ANNOUNCER: Most of the poor are working. But the e right to bargain, and that’s why — Sct: This message is sponsored ey the members othe Manin. toba Federation of Labor, who do have the right to Seacn on behalf of other employees who don’t enjoy that right. ollowing is the text of the PACIFIC TRIBUNE—FRIDAY, MARCH 3, 1972—PAGE 9