i

x

ee Peace Assembly
Work at Tecently concluded its
es al Helsinki was very differ-
the earlier congresses
h rarsaw and Vienna.
behing We were concerned with
the ee immediate threats
ng ,.. -'© With building a last-
Peace

vet and Latin America were
a. *presented, but the main
Whe. 28th came from Europe,
“eal i Whole range of politi-
Cras 4, €s from Christian Demo-
- Sent fie OMmmunists were repre-
» ‘°S Observers or delegates.
| Member many countries came
Istoy S of parliament or min-

Espeg
stand important were rep-
festa, CS Of Catholic and Pro-
Daig ee tes and a_ strong
‘S89 ie They came not
~ Mvemen rt Join the world peace
ag Ye ‘ in its old form but to
YO seq: * their point of view and
tamer gone? they could not
ou
Stable to an

Sarg gsembly there was some
Ailings oes at past and present
8X84 the Movement as well
haq Te of many of the lies
Avreg “een told about’ it.
nent was reached on the
Bates between Com-
a Xe. We hon - Communists
: Policy of ould and did build up
the Tex World peace that will
helmin t few months win over-
Peonleg & | support ‘among the
: Prom of the world.
des Werw outset two major
~ araeets of mM our minds; the
ae ~-t the hydrogen bomb
Sting then rearmament. But
_ mM we had the knowl-

: ent from.
at R aris,

Re

Policy of peace

edge that the force of public
opinion that had brought about
the Four Powers meeting could
also make it succeed.

*

The assembly began with Bert-
rand Russell’s warning of the
threat of the hydrogen bomb to
the human race and the need to

ye if
JEAN PAUL SATRE
go farther, to the ending of war-
itself.

The relation of the banning of
tlhe bomb and general _disarma-.
ment was carefully gone into, and»
resulted in proposals to _ begin
with the stopping of experiments
and go on to the final conversion
of atomic energy from weapons
to peaceful production in a world
in which large armies and power-
ful armaments would no longer
exist. ‘

Here also there were few di-
vergencies since the gap between

By PROF. J. D. BERNAL

the forces that ‘make for it.

\ Ree This is Helsinki, a memorable name in the long struggle of the world’s peoples for peace.

ce

the Soviet and Anglo-French pro-
posals is now so small that suc-
cess depends mainly on popular
pressure.

A logical and clear exposition
of the whole policy of peace was
given by the French writer, Jean-
Paul Sartre. His argument, ex-
pressed simply, runs like this.
The banning of the hydrogen
bomb must be accompanied by
extensive disarmament — other-
wise governments would take it
up again if war started.

Disarmament must lead to an
end to the cold war and an end
io the division of the world into
opposed military alliances eco-
nomically strong enough to rearm
when they wanted. Co-existence
must pass into active cooperation
in using ‘tthe great resources
which would be set free by dis-
armament. This in turn offers a
sclution to. the problems of the
under-developed countries.

Here is a program which not
only blocks war, but turns aside
It is
no utopia, but realisable step by
step, each providing the confid-
ence needed for the next.

The five principles of co-exist-
ence and non-interference put
forward by Nehru and Chou En-
lai and confirmed by the Bandung
Conference, which contained
Communist, Socialist and capital-

ist governments, can be applied.

in Europe as in Asia to ensure
that peaceful co-existence does
not mean any loss of national in-
dependence. ;
The picture was filled in and
made more realistic by Iya Er-
renburg, the. Soviet writer, who
showed how the idea of the Euro-
pean community could cease to
be a cloak for military prepara-
tions’ and become a bastion of
peace ‘by extending it over all
Kurope with cultural exchanges
and an expansion of trade which

| : A mother signs the peace appeal

would
ment

guarantee full

*

This is an open offer to pull up
the “iron curtain” for good; not
to restore the old anarchy but to
create a new area of cooperation.

It should appeal specially to
trade unionists and all support-
ers of the United Nations and
federal projects.

employ-

The security of European na-
tions, whatever their political
form, could -be guaranteed joint-
ty by the United States and the
soviet Union.

This would enable the key
problem of German unity and
militarization to be solved.

The reception of such propos-
als by right ‘wing and Catholic
representatives showed how far
they would provide general satis-
faction and how they could be
the means, by diminishing ten-
sion, of easing the situation for
religious denominations and po-
litical minorities in all countries,
West and East. : .

The alternatives are now clear
to far more people. One way is
the cold war and the armaments
race, which can go on in harsher
and harsher forms, poisoning our
relations with our fellow men
peal and at home by hate and
ear.

The other is to turn forward to
peace with disarmament, the
banning of atomic weapons and
active internatiohal cooperation.

We know that there is in the
world today enough destructive
potential to do untold damage,
dut. we also know that there is
enough human good, will, first’ to
prevent the new weapons being
used and then to bury them for
ever.

Our problem is to rouse this
good will and to bring it to bear
on the statesmen who are meet-
ing this month in Geneva. We
must see to it now that at the
conference the cold war is killed
and the way is kept open for real
peace making.

‘That will be hard and will take

HELSINKI
APPEAL

Following is the full text of
the Helsinki Appeal:

R the first time in ten years,

in a divided world, and
thanks to the efforts of public
opinion, the heads of the Four
Great Powers are going to
meet. On them rests heavily
the responsibility of universal
hope. Their first duty will be
to overcome their mutual dis-
trust. :

The World Assembly for
Peace, which has brought to-
gether the representatives of
68 countries, has established
with certainty that in spite of
deep differences, in spite of
diversity of opinion, agree-
ment can be reached on im-
portant points and that negoti-
ation can at this very moment
solve a great number of prob-
lems.

It is world opinion which
has now risen against the
policy of force, against mili-
tary blocs, the armamenis:
race, and against the terrify-
ing danger of atomic war. The
Geneva Agreements, the end
of the war in Indochina, the
Bandung Conference, the
neutrality of Austria, the Bel-
grade Declaration, these are
all the fruits of this awaken-
ing.of opinion which has been
expressed in the attitude of
governments.

On the problem of disarma-
ment and of atomic weapons,
which up till now has reached
deadlock because of stubborn
opposition, the points of view
have come so close together
that agreement is now only a
question of goodwill.

On the problem of security, |
the principles adopted by the
Bandung Conference have
proved that throughout a con-
tinent peaceful collaboration
beiween countries of different
systems can be based on ideas
such as those which were pro-
claimed by China and India.

The Helsinki Assembly has
shown that, if it takes public
opinion into account, the Big
Four Conference must mark
the first stage of a European
strueture guaranteeing secur-
ity to all the states of Europe |
and setting them on the path
of close economic and cultural
cooperation. This structure is
bound. up with the reunifica- |
tion of a Germany saved from
the rebirth of militarism and
remaining outside any military
coalition.

In the same spirit, the Big
Four Conference must prepare
by negotiation for the evacua-
tion of foreign troops from the
Chinese island of Taiwan (For-
mosa). It must see to the
strict implementation of the
agreements on Indochina con-
cluded in Geneva. It must al-
low the United Nations Or-
ganization to acquire univer-
sality by welcoming the Chin-
ese People’s Republic.

But forces still exist which
favor the cold’ war and set
themselves against the bring-
ing together of the Four Pow-
ers. The Helsinki Assembly
appeals to the opinion of all
the nations of the world to
oppose these forces and to sup-
port the negotiators.

The work of peace can at |
last be achieved if the forces

-of peace which set themselves

the same objectives — in par- |
ticular, the movements for
peace and the great political
organizations whose inspira-
tion is Christian or. socialist— |.
unite their efforts to dissipate }
distrust and win peace. — te
Step ‘by step, the contradic- |
tions in the world can be re- }
solved and the hopes of the}
peoples crowned with victory. |

_ Frail is the child within my womb,
His hands are small, he cannot speak;
He cannot, fight the men who seek \
To end his life with bursting bomb.

ies Whe is a child beneath my heart. .
OW See for life, for laughter, love,

°Ngs to see blue sky above —
ees Watch the flowers of springtime start.

igme as we recognized at Hel-
sinki. Nevertheless, we left the
meeting full of hope because we
felt for the first time in many
years, that we had a vision of a
“asting \peace.

It would be our task to turn
vision into a reality; but for that
we could have the confidence of
the active support of the peoples
of the world. ‘ : - ,

-PACIFIC TRIBUNE — JULY 15, 1955 — PAGE 9

H@ has no voice save yours and mine,
Yet all the night there is no cease,
He speaks to me, he asks for peace,

And so | take my pen and sign.

.. A oO i 2 " : ,
Te wee at night on star-spun skies
Kno, 28? With mates on hill and plain,
slits And! lifefs mingled joy and pain
_ _—* Warm light in\a loved one’s eyes.

LEN

FOX