- other leaders of the fascist intel-

-derground and openly campaigns

provocation.

UN observers in Indonesia

main objectives of its

«

While the Dutch imperialist government, employing the same
tactics used against the Netherlands by the Nazis in 1940, blandly
delay replying to the United Nations’ cease fire demands until the

“police action” in Indonesia had been
achieved, UN observers (above) were left to cool their heels.

Now

the Dutch government is seeking to establish in Indonesia the
same type of quisling regime the Germans created in Holland,

endeavoring to present it to the

world as a “free” government.

But the Indonesians, confident of the support of the liberation
movements of Asia, and of the USSR and the New Democracies,

are fighting baek from the hills,

giving the lie to Dutch claims.

Fascism parades again
in “Marshallized’ Italy —

NEW YORK

Fascism in Marshall Plan Italy is thriving almost as well now as

in the days of Benito Mussolini.

This is brought out in a review by

the New York National Guardian's

E,uropean reporter, who writes:

“In Naples, the long column of mourners follows the coffin of' a

prominent man—'A’ great fascist, |
Signor,’ some one ‘explains to me.
Scores of people give the fascist
salute as the column passes, and
fascist rites are performed at the
graveside. — 5 ,

“In Rome, where the _ public-
gallery crowd screamed ‘Viva!’ as
Rodolfo Grazaiani, butcher of
Ethiopia, told the court he was
‘the defender of the nation,’ theat-
ers are crowded for films exalting
Mussolini’s colonial. campaigns.

can Munich, U.S. zone of Ger-
many, a man strolls with his wife.
He is Field Marshall Kesserling,

murderer of many Italians — ‘on
holiday’ from his war crimes trial.

“Sentences passed on fascists
‘are regularly recinded or sus-
pended. ~ Federzoni, Mussolini’s
president of the fascist senate,
and Rossoni, his labor-baiting
minister of corporations, have
been amnnestied and returned ,
from hiding. Italian high courts
have set at liberty Generals Ro-
atta, Jacomini and Suvich and

ligence service, Who less than
two years ago were sentenced to —
life imprisonment for their brutal
crimes.

“Underground, fascist organiza-
tion continues. Leaflets of the
‘Central Directorate of the Fas-
cist Organization of Revolutionary
Action,’ which proudly admits mur-
dering many left wingers, circulate
by the thousands.

“The  neo-Fascist Movimento
Sociale Italiano disdains to go un-

for a return to the corporate state,
using the old tactics of racism and

'

“When an attempt was made on
the life of Communist leader Pal-
miro Togliatta, the London Times.
drew a clear connection between
‘this latest of murders and attempts
at murder’ and the Alcide de Gas-
peri government’s ‘not always well-
considered’ leniency, to fascists.

“The de Gasperi government de-
pends for its existence on U.S.
support abroad and right wing (in-

cluding Catholic church) support
at home. In order to maintain
this support it has adopted the
usual policy of anti-communism;
and who is more anti-Communist

s

than a Fascist? 2 .

“Tl Italia, a newspaper which
achieved world-wide infamy as
Mussolini’s mouthpiece, has been
taken over by U.S. business in-
terests headed by Philadelphia
nightclub proprietor Palumbo.

“The church’s anti-communism
has played into the fascists’
hands. ‘Black shirts are being
worn longer this season,’ is a uni-
versal cynical quip, referring to
the long, black habit of the
priests.

“The Fascist flag waves. Angry
and vehement protests from work-
ing-class organizations are ignored.
The government takes no action
about the spread of unemployment
and the drop in the living standard,
just as it took no action when fas-
cist flags appeared on Rome's pub-

lic buildings on the recent 25th

anniversary of Mussolini’s ‘march
on Rome’.” ‘

wage

Trial of Communists shows extent
of attack on American democracy

By ISRAEL EPSTEIN

—NEW YORK

The guardian of civil rights in the U.S is the federal constitution, which is supposed to govern the
entire body of national and local law ip the country. The job of seeing that such laws respect the con-
stituutonal rights of the citizen belongs to the courts, and ultimately to the U.S. Supreme Court. There

ave already been several decisions by these courts which violate the spirit of the constitution and compromise

statutory demccracy to permit pol-
itical persecutions which would be
impossible if basic laws were really
enforced.

Highly indicative of this process
is the stand of the U.S. Supreme
Court in the case of the 12 Ameri-!}
can Communist leaders indicted
for “conspiracy,” a transparent

| guise for the effort to punish them

for Marxist opinions.

The indictment violates not only
the constitutional amendments re-
garding freedom of though, spéech
and publication but also previous
decisions of the Supreme Court it-
self, which has thrown out many
suits seeking to prove that com-
munism itself is illegal. Yet all
pre-trial motions to set aside the
indictment have been quashed, a
measure of the domination of par-
tisan . considerations over the re-
putedly impartial courts today.

One motion which the U.S. Sup-
reme Court has refused to consider
concerns the makeup of the grand
jury that indicted the 12 Commun-
ists.

Defense attorneys presented
documentary proof that the panel
from which this body was chosen
violated the legal requirement
that jury lists represent a fair
cross-section of the population.

Cripps bars |

wage boosts

—LONDON
Sir Stafford Cripps, British min-
ister for economic affairs, has come
out against higher wages for Brit-
tsh:-worlcers.o 3 5: we
Cripps assailed strike threats by
450,000 British railwaymen and
demands by many other
unions as “unfair.” He claimed
that any further increase of pur-
chasing power over Britain’s lag-
ging production would not improve
supplies to the population unless
imports were increased or exports
were reduced, neither of which, he
said, the country could afford.
“Our own consumption require-
ments have to be the last in the list
of priorities,’ Cripps said. “First
are exports, second is capital in-
vestment in industry, and last are

the needs, comforts and amenitiesd

of the family.”

Recent rank-and-file strikes,
and the new wave of wage de-
mands by a large part of British
labor show that most workers do
not share Sir Stafford’s views.
They mark a rift between union-
ists and the right-wing Socialist
government they themselves elec-
ted, which now seeks to shift all
the burdens of reconstruction to
labor’s shoulders while profits in
private industry continue to in-

crease. <

Of the 24 jurymen selected, not
one was a manual worker, while
over half were businessmen and
executives who comprise only
nine percent of New York’s in-
habitants,

Only a few weeks earlier, an-
other federal court had voided a
Hawaii jury on similar grounds.
But the issue there was merely a
strike, while the trial of the 12 is
a political matter.

x: * *

Another case, even more flagrant,
involved a private detective who
recently broke into the New York
apartment ‘of Communist leader
Robert Thompson and tried to rape
his 7-year-old daughter. Thompson
holds one of America’s highest
military decorations for gallantry
in the Second World War.

The facts of the case emerged
clearly at-the trial. The assailant
was convicted by a lower court,
then granted a new hearing on the
plea of the prosecuting attorney
himself because of “an error in
court transcripts.” The new trial,
last week, judged the pervert “not
guilty” and set him free.

The New York state Communist
party characterized this action as
“a shocking and alarming sign of
the growth of fascism in the na-
tion.”

It asked: “Who are the higher-
ups that had Burke’s first convic-
tion reversed? It charged a “ne-
farious conspiracy against democ-
racy in the U.S. with the courts,
the police, the government and big
business each planning their part.”

x. *

A third case this month, in
Georgia, resulted in the acquital
of the lynchers of Robert Mal-
lard, a Negro. ‘Mallard was re-
portedly a Wallace supporter.
There was evidence to show he
had been killed because he had
dared to vote, and because he was
a respected leader in the Negro
community who could be made
an impressive “example.”

The “impartiality” of the Georgia
jury can be judged from the fact
that two of its members were sim-
ultaneously witnesses for the “good
character” of the accused murderer.
A pro-Mallard witness, a Jew, was
excluded from the courtroom and
never called to the stand at all.

The Civil Rights Congress, a
growing American organization
which includes many prominent
lawyers, is appealing for demon-
strations and other mass actions
to protest these miscarriages of
justice and others now in process.
This is a recognition of the fact
that justice for oppressed and pub-
licly libeled groups is no longer to
be found by judical procedure, and
that Americans must make their
voices heard outside courtroom
walls to defend equality before the
law — on which they have long
prided themselves.

BRITISH MURDER ALL MEN

Armed with new powers which
authorize it to take steps against
anyone suspected of helping the
Malayan guerillas, who are
mostly tin and rubber workers
fighting in defense of their un-
ion rights, the British army
has turned the village of Kuala
Kubu Bahru into a Malayan re-
plica of Lidice, Czechoslovakia,
destroyed by the Nazis during
the war. . :

A British detachment: arrived
in the village on December 11
and asked if anyone could give

¢

Malayan village becomes new Lidice

information about “Communists”
there. When the villagers said
they knew nothing, the men
Were separated from the wo-
men and children, who were
told to gather their posessions
and were driven away in trucks.
Then the 25 adult males in the
village, all Chinese plantation
workers, were lined up and shot.
The village itself was burned to
the ground. POER

The British attorney general
for Malaya later explained that
the 25 men were shot “while

‘nese, the Consul-general repre-

_ it would have not been “better”

trying to escape,’ an excuse oft-
en used by the Nazis, Spanish
dictator Franco and other fas-
cists.
Since the victims were Chi- —

senting the Chiang Kai-shek re-
gime also -had his say. His
“complaint” consisted in ask-~
ing the British whether, since
the workers were running away,

to lame them by shooting at
their legs instead of killing them
all.

Yugoslavia
gets U.S. aid
through Italy

- In an analysis ‘of the Yugoslav
Five Year Plan published in the
theoretical organ of the Polish
Workers’ Party, Polish Vice Minis-
ter of Industry and Trade Szyr
describes it as “a great system of
mistakes” that ‘well illustrates the
megalomania of the Yugoslav na-
tionalist leaders.”

Numerous facts show that the
Tito faction, in working out the
plan, has not even considered the
basic necessity for broadly co-ord-
inating the plan with the export
possibilities of friendly countries,
Szyr writes. ?

The conception of economic self-
sufficiency for such a small country
could only have been born out of
the blindness of the nationalistic
leadership of the Yugoslay Com-
munist party.

Szyr ‘comments: “Skyscrapers
and other dramatic displays of ob-
jects in the ‘New Belgrade’ can
contribute nothing to the immediate
raising of the low standard of the
working people.”

Reports from Telepress corre-
spondents in Western Europe in-
dicate the turn of the Tito regime
in Yugoslavia towards the Western
imperialist powers. .

Telepress’ Rome correspondent
quotes the Rome. newspaper of
‘the Saragat right wing socialists,
Italia Socialista, as saying that
Italy will become the clearing
house for the indirect participa-
tion of Yugoslavia in the Mar-
shall Plan.

At the same time, Telepress’ Lon-
don ‘correspondent reports that

“British engineers will help Yugo-

slavia in her Five Year Plan.” |

Rome reports that the U.S. gov-
ernment has made an exception >
in the case-of Yugoslavia to the
clause in the Marshall treaties for-

bidding the export of “aid” goods
‘to Eastern Europe has been con-
firmed by ‘Telepress’ New York
correspondent.

He reports that the new Italian-
Yugoslav trade agreement to be
negotiated early next year will be
the main channel through which
U.S. “aid” will flow.

5,000 children
die in Shanghai

—SHANGHATI

. Conditions in Chiang Kai-shek’s
China can be ascertained from an
announcement made by Mayor K.
C. Wu of Shanghai that 5792 bodies
of children who starved or froze
to death in the streets have been
picked up in the city since the be-
ginning of the winter. On January
9 alone the police found 1387 bodies, —
128 of them children’s.

The mayor’s only action was to ©
appeal to parents not to abandon ~
children outdoors. He forgot that, ~
in most cases, the children were
left to themselves only because the
parents had already died. ae.

Wu is on the list of war crimin-—
als whom the advancing Commun-
ist-led forces have sworn to arrest
and try. Along with its extremes
of hunger and poverty, Shanghai
is well known for the extravagant

thy citizens, of whom Wu is one. —
Many of them have already fled

to Formosa. :

PACIFIC TRIBUNE — JANURY 21, 1949 — PAGE 3

and ostentatious living of its weal- |