—_— ||

Political solution for
Cyprus called essential

iG

Commenting on talks between
| ioreek and Turkish commun-
ai aon, Cyprus which began
| Pril 4, the’ Soviet newspaper
} (4vda warns that “the resump-'
ia Of the dialogue only on indi-
dual questions, while talks on
€ essence of the Cyprus prob-
H are being shelved, cannot
t an end to the abnormal situ-
n on the Island.”
ale charges that external
ees by imperialist forces
Bie, Continuing and that indepen-
‘ta ce, sovereignty and territo-
P Integrity are being violated.
‘riots are being denied the
aie to decide their destiny
Out foreign interference.
ee and bases still remain
| “4 settlement is being thwart-

USSR-India
cad DELHI — In. February
hee the Soviet Union and India
| °Ncluded their first inter-gov-
Timi Mental agreement on econo-
} “© and technical cooperation.
| pas © two decades that have
| <48sed since then have been fill-
Thy eh extensive creative work
Ftc, Oth sides, by their organiza-
E Ane workers, technicians, en-
ruc €rs and scientists, in imple-
J op ating the principles and aims
, equ fee indian Agreements on
a ae and mutually beneficial co-
| eration.
€se are the expressed opin-
ae of the two - government
pi tS concerned — Indian
7 Bhar Minister Indira Gandhi
‘g SOviet Premier Alexei Kosy-
Tineun iB messages of greeting
| “arking the 20-year anniversary
or Soviet-Indian economic co-
a eration. . 5
Peni’ factories and projects in
@i and Bokar;o, Ranchi and
A €shwar, along \with dozens
ener projects of qur coopera-
| 79n, have become a practical

: ion:

ed by NATO circles who see the
island as a strong point in the

eastern Mediterranean,” the
commentator says.

“The USSR has from the begin-
ning supported the rights and
interests of the young state and
made a number of proposals
aimed at a political settlement.
These proposals — primarily the

-convocation of a representative

international conference, within
United Nations framework, have
been favored by the Cyprus and
Greek governments.”

It has been announced that
Greek and Turkish leaders will
meet with UN secretary general
Kurt Waldheim at the end of the
month. The meeting is scheduled
to last about one week. |

cooperate

embodiment and symbol of the
unselfish friendship between the
two great peoples,” the Kosygin
message said.

“Everything that has been
done over these 20 years streng-
thens as nothing else our com-
mon confidence that the Soviet
Union and India will continue...
to strengthen their mutual trust
in the name of the progress and
well-being of the peoples of both
countries, in the interests of
peace in Asia and throughout
the world.”

In her message, Mrs. Gandhi
noted that “this year India cele-
brates the twenty-fifth anniver-
sary of the promulgation of its
republican constitution.” Prais-
ing the country’s democratic in-
stitutions and the “diversification
of our economy,” ‘she went on:
“Our foreign policy of peaceful
co-existence and friendship with
all nations has also served the
country well and has contribut-
ed to the relaxation of tensions
on the international scene.”

TORONTO — In a brief stat-
ing its “opposition to extention
of the North American Air De-
fence agreement beyond its ex-

piry date on May 12, 1975,” the

Canadian Peace Congress calls
the pact an “encroachment on
our sovereignty and indepen-
dence.” :

Demands that Canada cancel
its involvement in the costly,
U.S.-run military pact have come
from the Canadian Labor Con-

gress, provincial federations of

labor, the New Democratic Party,
the Communist Party and vari-
ous fraternal and democratic
crganizations, besides the Cana-
dian Peace Congress. —

Noting that time is danger-
ously short in which to demand
Canada’s withdrawal from the
pact, the’ Peace Congress an-
nounced that its president, John
Morgan, and Hans Blumenfeld,
chairman of the. Toronto Asso-
ciation for Peace, would visit
Ottawa to make further repre-
sentations that NORAD be can-
celled.

Cold War Product

A Commons committee is cur-
rently hearing arguments for and
against renewal, and will make
representations ‘to parliament.
The Peace Congress: brief, ad-
dressed to committee chairman,
Maurice Dupras, says in part:

NORAD has long ago become
obsolete, because the military

HANS BLUMENFELD

|A fair day’s pay for a fair day's work

Peace Congress to visit Ottawa |

Canada should cance! NORAD

and political assumptions on .
which it was based are no longer |

valid, if they ever were. How-
ever, NORAD continues to pre-
sent a serious encroachment on

our sovereignty and indepen- f

dence and to add to the already
excessive burden on the federal
taxpayer. As Lt. Gen. W. K. Carr
has testified, the joint command
for U.S. and Canadian forces, es-

‘tablished by NORAD, would be

necessary only in times of war
or increased tension. Its main-
tenance discredits our declared
devotion to detente and disarma-
ment as well as our assertion of
an independent foreign policy,
and thereby alienates us from
the. overwhelming majority of
the world’s nations.

NORAD was a product of the
cold war and of its underlying
assumption that peaceful co-
existence between “East” and
“West” is impossible and that
Canada, as part of the “West,”
must prepare to fight against a
military attack by the Soviet

Union. It is now universally re- |

cognized that peaceful co-exist-
ence is not only possible, but is
the only possible road to sur-
vival. ;

NORAD .. . is designed to

oppose an attack by manned

bombers. Such an attack is
“completely inconceivable,” in
the words of former U.S. Secre-
tary of Defence MacNamara. His

JOHN MORGAN

saving of about $100-million

could be applied towards the al-
leviation of the many unsatisfied
needs of the people of Canada.
The most important surviving
parts of NORAD are the direct
submission of a section of our
armed forces to U.S. military

“command and the rights con-

successor, Mr. Schlesinger, con- -

firmed this evaluation in his
statement of policy, “We are
eliminating those components of
the air defense systems which
are designed to protect American
cities against bomber attacks.”

However, Lt. Gen. Carr con-

tinues to justify NORAD by the

alleged need to maintain an ex-
pensive interceptor force. It cer-
tainly accounts for most of the
approximate $150-million which
we. annually spend for NORAD.
The functions of border surveil-
lance, now carried out under
NORAD, could be accomplished
at much less cost. The resultant

ceded to U.S. armed forces to

operate in our territorial space
on land, sea, and air. This en-
ables the U.S. government, if it
should be inclined to do so, to
involve us in a war without our
consent. This is an intolerable
situation for a sovereign nation.

Law passed to
ban criticism

SEOUL — While opposition
lawmakers staged a sit-in at the
National Assembly hall, South

Korean Government members —

locked themselves in a lounge
March 19 and passed a bill ban-
ning criticism of the Govern-
ment. The bill provides penalties
of up to seven years in jail and
suspension of civil rights for 10
years for any Korean who sland-
ers or defames the President or

other Government officials in ~

talking to a foreigner or foreign
newsman.

tig tis moral myth has been in vogue a very long
bth, ©. As a matter of fact it made its appearance with
“i advent of capitalism and has been repeated again

ist again ever since. It is not only repeated by capital-
ca Spokesman, it is unfortunately repeated and ac-
Sane as a guide by right-wing labor spokesmen.
fli we think about it we find that it is not only
acious it is a major part of the process to mask

© source of capitalist exploitation.

a Considering how to deal with this question we
fo peices: that the ‘best way would be to turn to the
Rees of scientific socialism. Here is a gem by
Hs erick Engels which appeared in ‘‘The Labor Stan-
bwit on May 7, 1881. Many have attempted to deal
h this question since but have not found it possible

Theta substantively to Engels’ masterly treatment.

| ypto-date some of the detailed descriptions to reflect
g ae Positive fruits of the class struggle. The substance
, the arguments advanced by Engels, almost a hun-
_| Ted years ago are as valid today as they were then.
1ere is Frederick Engels’ statement in a somewhat
Tidged form: eee

“Wages. are not what they appear to be, the
Value, or price of labor, but only a masked form
| J0r the value, or price of labor power.’ — Karl
“arx, .

day! . . what is a fair day’s wage, and what is a fair
; pacer which modern society exists and develops itself?
I seis an answer to this we must not apply to the
ag of morals or of law and equity, nor to any
lity timental feeling of humanity, justice or even char-
ee Social fairness or unfairness is decided by
the Science alone — the science which deals with
© material facts of production and exchange, the
‘ENce of political economy.
Ww. Now what does political economy call a fair day’s
®ges and a fair day’s work? Simply the rate of

© only changes one could make would be to bring

S work? How are they determined by the laws.

Marxism-Leninism and today's world

wages and the length and intensity of a day’s work
which are determined by competition in the open
matket.. == - 3 x
“A fair day’s wages, under normal conditions, is the
sum required to procure to the laborer the means of
existence necessary, according to the standard of life

of his station and country, to keep himself in working ~

order and to propagate his race. The actual rate of
wages, with the fluctuations of trade, may be some-
times above, sometimes below this rate; but, under
fair condiitons, that rate ought to be the average of
oscillations. :

“A fair day’s work is that length of working day
and that intensity of actual work which expands one
day’s full working power of the workman without
encroaching upon his capacity for the same amount of
work for the next and following days.

“The transaction, then, may be thus described —
the workman gives to the capitalist his full day’s
working power . . . In exchange he receives just
as much, and no more, of the necessaries of life, as
the nature of the bargain will admit. This is a peculiar
sort of fairness. —

-“But let us look a little deeper into the. matter. As,
according to political economists, wages and working
days are fixed by competition, fairness seems to re-
quire that both sides should have the same fair start
on equal terms. But that is not the case. The Capital-

ist, if he cannot agree with the Laborer, can afford

to wait, and live upom his capital. The workman can-
not. He has but wages to live upon . . . The workman
has no fair start. He is fearfully handicapped by
hunger. Yet according to the political economy of the
Capitalist class, that is the very pink of fairness.

“-_ . The application of mechanical power and
machinery to new trades, and the extension and im--

provements of machinery in trades already subjected
to it, keep turning out of work more and more ‘hands’;
and they do so at a far quicker rate than that at which
these superseded ‘hands’ can be absorbed and find
employment . . . These superseded ‘hands’ form a
real industrial army of reserve for the use of Capital.
If trade is bad they may starve, beg, steal, or go to
the workhouse; if trade is good they are ready at hand
to expand production; . . . In the race with Capital,
Labor is not only handicapped, it has to drag a cannon-
ball riveted to its foot.. Yet that is fair according to
Capitalist economy. :

“But let us inquire out ‘of what fund does Capital
pay these fair wages? Out of capital, of course. But
capital produces no value. Labor is, besides the earth,
the only source of wealth; capital itself is nothing but
the stored-up produce of labor. So that the wages of
Labor are paid out of labor, and the working man is
paid out of his own produce. According to what we
may call common fairness, the wages of the laborer
ought to consist of the produce of his labor. But
that would not be fair according to political economy.
On the contrary, the produce of the workman’s labor

goes to the capitalist, and the workman gets out of —

it no more than the bare necessaries of life. And thus
the end of this uncommonly ‘fair’ race of competition
is that the’ produce of the labor of those who do
work, gets unavoidably accumulated in the hands of
those that do not work, and becomes in their hands
the most powerful means to enslave the very men
who produced it. ery :

“A good deal might be said about the fair day’s

work too, the fairness of which is perfectly on par —
with that of wages. . .

. The fairness of political
economy, such as it truly lays down the laws which
rule actual society, that fairness is all on one side —

on that of Capital. Let, the old motto be buried forever :

and replaced by another: :

“Possession of the means of work — raw material,
factories, machinery by — the working people them-
selves.” F, Engels in The Labor Standard, May 7, 1881.

PACIFIC TRIBUNE—FRIDAY, APRIL 11, 1975—Page 7. __

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