Prof. Milton Friedman

7 - animals on displ.

~~ SS

By LAWRENCE
MOULE

' The Canadian Press

Why don’t some of our
best ‘politicians tell us
these things? In John
Harbron's Canada
Without Quebec, English-

. Canadians can finally see

to the depths
separation issue.
Harbron states flatly
that Canadians who
his language.
probably will never
understand their French-
compatriots.

ut~he shows how the
idea .of separatism has

wn inexorably
fire gh French-Ca-

Ul
nadian history, culture,
commitment to ideology
and selfidentification.

- Harbron, a political
scholar and foreign-
affairs columnist ior
Thomson Newspapers,

of the

. plunges into his theme

an Olympic swim-
mer: -

“Canadawithout
Quebec is now a reality.
Quebe¢ can be a new
republic by the 1984s.

Yet the energy in his
writing ebbs'as the book

rogresses, Perhaps this
FS not a subject that can
be clothed happily in
political theory.

Harbron’s conviction of
the inevitability of
Quebec separation is
based on an American
theory which holds that
Euro colonial
peoples in the Americas
are moving through a
universal evolution
leading to independence.

Harbron takes frequent
side trips to. describe
Latin American
developments in an at-
tempt to establish pat-
terns comparable to
Canadian experience.
But he shows litte proof
of French-Canadian
identification with the
destiny of other colonies
in this hemisphere.

Without

‘ culturallybased

L. dy
Quebec

Perhaps the major.
reason why Harbron's
theory fails to convince is
that.it takes no account of
the human forces op-
osing separation.
nglish-Canadian
responses to the problem
and to Canadian develop-
ment generally are
defined almost = ex-
clusively in economic and
political terms.
Harbron assumes,
without discussion, that
ideological attachments
by separatists are not
balanced by attachments
of other Canadians to
values
and a national identity.
Canada may be, as
Northrop Frye has said, a
country in which the
attributes. of the ac-
countant are held in
uniquely high regard. But
accountants have souls,

100: sada Without

Quebec, John Harbron;
paperback $6.95; hard-
cover $10.95; 164 pages;
Musson.

:By JANET HOBBS
To the Cree Indians, the

prairie waterways were

personalities’’ og
“brotherly spirits” which

‘gave the Cree trans-

and a

portation
velihood, But for better

or worse, this “pastoral
harmony" dissolved on
June 10, 1869, when the

first ‘fire canoe”—the
“Anson - Northup—bore
- ” down upon the Red River.

settlement.
“In Fire Cance, jour-

‘ nalist Theodore Barris

describes the trading on

- the Red, Assiniboine and

Saskatchewan — rivers
during the 1600s. Colorful
detail; gathered from the

". ldtimers, adds spirit and
. nosta

algia to the account. -
.Barris’s' best. subject
may’ be the: personalities

.” gf the. era—, those,.ad- water
steamboat ‘ciptalia,: ‘not be

traderf and. pioneer
settlers. For: the actual
steamboats that plied
Canadian rivers were not
as regal as those of the
Mississippi. Instead, they
had to be. strong and
utilitarian, the oppasite of
the luckless City. ‘of
Winnineg which boasted
a wall-to-wall carpet,
huge pier-glass windows
and a $1,000 grand plano.
Beautiful but fragile, the
City lasted less than a
season on the Red. .

But even the sturdier
steamboats met a similar
fate eventually. The
combination of fluc-
tuating waterland and
ever-deviating water
channels made-
navigation difficult. The

boats crashed, shoaled.

and, wherever the water
was sufficiently deep,
sank. In short, the prairie

they were

- became ie
if ea tae, 4B art vo
me a

navigable but because
they were the only fron-
tiers left. .
Evennif the steamboat
trade lacked grandeur,
the personalities of that
era did not, and Barris
depicts them well. One
story of interest concerns
that “strange Finn’ Tom
Sukanen, who half:
constructed a steamboat
.on-his prairie farm, fully

_intending to steam bac

to Finland. He died with

.his project incomplete,

but. the Dontianen was
later reconstructed and
now lies eight miles south
of Moose Jaw on the
grounds of a museum.
joyatl Canoe is an en-
joyable people - ry,
augmented by excellent
maps, a3 well as detailed
notes and appendices.
Fire Canoe; Prairie
Days Revisited,
Theodore Barris, $16.95;
pagrat MeCleltand,

_ By J.R. DUPUIS

~ (CP Business Editor

Who else. but a good
friend: could: describe .
John Kenneth Galbraith
as a missionary seeking
converts. and: xiot - an
economist seeking éx-
planations? f°

of. University of Chicago

.” makes'the assessment in

one-of two lectures he

“gave last August and
we

ptember in Britain.

“The. other :lecture dealt

with Britain’s desperate

economic’ condition. **

Both are worth reading

-and-are available in a
_ soft-cover book, Fried-
‘man «On

t Galbraith,
published ‘by the Fraser
YInstitute’.of Vancouver.

- “Atabout the same time,

the institute put out
another similar-size book

-” galled: Anatomy Of A
" Crisis in which economist

What do you do when —
~ Your

TORONTO (CP) — Ina se-
cluded area of ~ the

\ Metropolitan, ‘Toronto Zoo: -
* *-thereis a onestorey building
. . that blends Into the rolling

‘Inside is a modern, well:
’ equipped hospital whose *

patients run the gamut from

_. garter snakes to gorillas,
° dike. most modern z00
* . hospitals in North America,

this one-is contributing both
‘to..the wellbeing of the
and to the
general knowledge of the
world's wild species,

‘ Health care for animals at
Meiro.Zoo begins as soon as
they arrive, with a stay in

warantine, While there,

sy are examined and

*. observed. for any signs of
—‘filsess, “vaccinated against |

domestic diseases and
treated for internal and ex-
ternal parasites.
The preventive medlelne
gram continues after the

7 Pnienala ‘are on display.

‘gerve.. behavior = and
ognize signs’:of. ill
parasite checks are

carried: out.’ Blood. ‘tests,
rimming . of
'. nails, hooves and beaks are

Lawrence ._B. Smith
analyses Canadian

housing policy.

Friedman’s criticismf.

of Galbraith appear to be
more constructive ‘than

sour grapes. .
Heesays, Galbraith’s

_ great talent is the way he
“uses words and sells.

them. ‘‘He. is an _.ad-
vertiser par excellence."”
Instead of regarding

him as a scientist seeking
explanations, 'T think we
shall get more un-
derstanding if we look at
him. as a missionary
seeking converts.” .
Why is the Canadian-
bom Galbraith so
opular? Well, says

edman,. while he has
wide public acceptance,
he has made no impact on
academics . or. on
economics.  -

Galbraith's . theories
are popular because they

done whenever animals have
to be handled for any reason.
DIETS ORGANIZED

"Nutrition is carefully eval- .

uated and diets organized to
meet both physical and psy-
chological requirements.
Some animals like to find
their-food, some like to rip it

up, and some like food they..
can sit and gnaw on for a.

while, *

“In spite of good care arid

feeding, things: do happen.

> “Aylmals often come in for
treatment because they are.
- at the bottom of a peckin

order-and have been Injur
by. those above them,” sald
Dr. Bill Rapley; one. o ‘the
zoo's - two
veterinarians. |.
Sometimes. the relation-

ships of anlmals in a group -
change, as in the breeding |

season, and there are fights.
Occasionally there are other
injuries’ and digestive up-
sets, Respiratory ailments
are commion.. ae

Veterinarians cannot
generalize from one species
to another nor can - they,
specialize ih one. animal, So

zoo thedicine depends on a

computerized data. bank. to
which all zoos contribute and

“life to. cover,

fulltime ”

= , ‘ ot eo

are easy to understand.
“(On the other hand, the
kind of theories that -

- people like me try to put

across are hard to un-

’ derstand.’”’ ’

In Anatomy, Smith, of.
University of ‘Toronto,
blames. federal policies
fora sharp shift-in the ©
Canadian housing market
from private industry to
government. . ©

He warns that unless
governments. move . to
reverse the destruction of
private housing industry,
the next decade will see a
substantial drop in
housing standards and
more costly houses.

Friedman On
Galbraith, Mil-ton
Friedman; 66 pages;
$3.95: Fraser Institute.

Anatomy Of A Crisls,
Law-rence B. Smith; 44
pages; $3.05; Fraser
Institute.

Gorilla Gets. Sick

from which all may draw.

DEVELOP. TECHNIQUES
“Zoo medicine is a
relatively new field,” . Dr.
Rapley said, ‘In the last 15
years we have - developed
many ‘new: techniques for
handling wild animals and ¢
the published data have

grown enormously,"

As this new science grows,
it gets help from human
health agencies. Since z00
veterinarians have such a
broad spectrum of animal
they are
general -practitioners and

. frequently have to call on

gpecialists, such as human
ctors, dentisis and oph-
thalmologists, :

The Metro Zoo works with
Sunnybrook Hospital, which .
does special’ bloodtests -for
the zoo. ‘ oe

In return, the zoo has been
able to help other institutions
with research as a spin-off
from its normal activities.
Blood samples are routinely
‘taken. whenever animals

chave:to: be caught. Queen's -
“University ni

‘ape blood.
for studies being done there .

“and the zoo has been able to

“supply'it.

jin the Canadian

ne

The Last
Christmas
Tree

by John Mapes
John 3. Mapes who lives in

. Thornhill, with his wife

Rosalieis a gentle man in his.
early seventies, is a
favourite of his many
grandchildren. They love
him for his géntleness; for
his always having time to
listen: to each one of them;
for never being ‘loo busy”
for little people — unlike so
many grownups. a

“Don't bother me not —
I'm busy.” “Walt until the
T.V. program is over.” —
these are the things Grand-
father Mapes never says to
his grandchildren.

Perhaps, best of all — they
love him for his stories.

Born in England, working
“Par
North", and blessed with a
long memory, Grandfather
is always able to come up
with a good story.

One of Grandfather's
storles was so much a.
fabourite with the children,
they would ask-over and
aver, “Grandfather-tell us
the one about the Last
Christmas Tree.” As &
Christmas present, last
Christmas, the patient
Gentleman wrote the story
out, One of the family had
copies typed and bound, and
each of the seven received
his own copy of Grandfather
Mapes story of “The Last
Christmas Tree’. or the
children and grandchildren
of Herald readers, we
decided to share it with
them. So, here it is, under a
photo of Mr. Mapes, himself
— a shortened story of the
tale his children love so well.

Juveniles

DARTMOUTH, N.S. (CP)
— Sporting shoulder-length
hair and wearing a
checkered shirt and faded
blue jeans, the young man
leans back in a chalr with his
feet on the desk and talks
with a boy in his early teens..

The conversation centres
en a number of broken
windows at a school,

‘In some circles, the
language might be con-
sidered offensive. The young
man is a member of the
Dartmiouth polite depart-
ment's -

of a different approach being
used by Dartmouth police in
dealing with © juvenile

.peoblems, —

About two -years ago,
members of the department
complained to family and
juvenile courts that’ young
offenders were not being
pfoperly dealt with when
appearing for sentencing in
court. ot
’ A subsequent meeting be-
tween -Pélice Chief Roger
Smith and . representatives
from: the ‘social services

_ department .and family and

juvenile court indicated that,
in many cases, judges had
diffleulty _in sentencing
juvenile offenders because of

limited information provided ©

to them by police.

_ DIVISION SET UP"

"The result;. the establish-
ment of a youth division in
the -police department in
April, 1976.

Inspector Keith Cole, who
set up the youth squad, said
the nine officers working in
the division had _ been

especially chosen for their

youth, « ability.to . com-
municate with young people
and have expressed a great
deal ‘of enthusiasm for the
new program,: |. .

The main objectives of the
division are to investigate
juvenile crimes, tell young
people of pitfalls and
dangers they may encounter
and establish good relations
with the youth in the com-
munity. oe

‘Emphasis of the squad, is
on crime prevention.

Cole said mwmyhpeople

have . he.” impression
‘youngsters who get into
trouble with the law come
fram lower-class, broken
homes but this is not the
case, :

“It would be impossible to

put: juvenile. offendera into
any economic bracket.”
_Cole said when a juvenile
offender is app ;

a
ber of th a.
investigates. the ‘offender's

investigates the
background, the type of
offence and why 4 was
committed.
TRYING TO IMPRESS
“We' don’t like to send a
youth to family court tha
first. time’ we have a
problem, Cole said. “Theae
‘are only kids who are going
through. the! growingup

stage. Many. of the offences. .

are’. committed almply

because they are trying to
_ Impress their friends. or

nent's -youth division. The.
boy is a.jtiveriile offender.
apprehended by city police.
__ The long hair, jeans and
“street language are all part

Grandfather John B. Mapes

The Herald. February 24, 1978, Page 9%

Friday.

THE LAST CHRISTMAS TREE

By John B.Mapes :

THE LAST CHRISTMAS TREE

Littly Cherly is my favority great grandchild, she is almost
six years old. Would she ever see a real Christmas tree? Just
aweekago while] wasdozing in my old chair, she climbed upon
my lap and begged my to get her a real tree for Christmas.
She said "I don't want no old ‘Fishual tree’, I want areal live
one like you had, Great Grandpa.”

I like a foolish man, promised her that she would have one;
but WHERE could [ find one? No doubt you will ask "Why
“Well lets start afresh. Perhaps I should have told all this but
had I done so there would have been no tale to tell for you
would all know the answer. OO

Some stories start off “Many, many years ago." This one
began about two hundred years ago when this part of the
country still belonged to the Native People, the Indians. It
was Completely covered by forests when the White came, it

was a land of huge trees that filled the valleys and grew far -~

up the mountain sloped. The White man thought that the trees
would last forever, trees were cut to build log cabins, others
were cut and burnt to clear the land. As more white men

arrived there came men with the knowledge of how to make .

lumber from the logs he cut.’ ,
Sawmills sprouted like mushrooms in the lower part of the
Province, Only the choicest of timber was cut at first, soon
there was not enough of it near, so smaller logs were cut. AS
large areas were stripped of the best timber, the distance
became ioo great haul the logs, the mills were moved to more

productive areas, White settlers moved into these areas that |

had been logged, they set fires that ruined thousands of acres
of prime timber, To - . .
_ Noone worrled about the forests, no could ever use all of ity
so they thought, Were there not trees growing where other
fires had burnt off the old trees? These would keep up the
supply, haw could we ever run out of timber? ‘They did not
think or know that it took a hundred years for tree to grow to
maturity. They only knew that by-buraing cut-over areas that
trees began to grow from seed that lay in the ground. .
Soon pulp mills began operation, more and-more timber
was used, even trees too small forthe sawmills was used,
everything was cut large areas stripped bare, hilla and
mountainsides were denuded. .
By the 1950's the large Lumber and Pulp Companies began
to cee {t was possible that they could eventually run out of
timber large enough to keep their Mills in operation. They
began a reforestation program, large quantities of pine cones
were gathered, seed remaved sent to Nurseries where they
were planted, When the young tree were approximately six
inchesh were taken at areas that had been burnt off two years
before to be planted. These planted areas were known as
Tree Farms, Still the supply could not keep with the demand,
Dry years, budworm, beetle and forest fires took their toll.

Then came the energy shortage, no new areaa of oil could, .

be found; natural gaa suppliesd dwinlded. Most people
reverted to burning wood, for it was cheapest source of fuel
before we were forced to use Solar or Thermal energy. This

depleted the forest until only smal] trees and. brush:
remained, then this too was used. It became necessary to go"

farther and farther afield to procure a supply of wood for the

winter, As the forests were depleted the moose'and bear

moved farther north to have protection of what remained
now, there are of either except in the zoo, Deer seamed to do
better until large herd of cattle cleared most of the forest that
thedeer required, now there are few in the wild stale,

Only in some almost inaccessible areas were there any.

sign of trees but it seemed there were no conifers.

hy had l-nade a promise {o my small great grand-

daughter? What a foolish old man I was for, in my heart 1 felt
almost certain I could never fulfill that promise,yet I had to

try. Ve

Early next morning I went out, the weather was quite cold
for only the —_—_—ihills and mountains seemed to break the
wind that whipped the snow from their tops. I headed oul on
the snowmobile that was powered by large solar bat-
teries;setting a course along the eastern slop trying to keep
out of the wind as much as possible yet high enough £ could

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The new. product was

developed and patented by a
former auto repalr and body

A new liner protector that
will save truck beds. from
any kind of damage has been
developed in the United

see into the valleys and deep ravines where only a few small
trees might be found, except for these rare places one might
well have been on the moon for the landscape was just as
inhospitable and univiting. I drove along the sides of valleys
and mountain slopes almost defying the law of gravity al

“times: 1 took chances of finding that trees. Christmas was

only a week away when I had started on that. almost im-
possible task. I felt that I had to go on as long as I could for
had I not made a solemn promise to a small child that she

Should have. a real tree for Christmas?

_For three days I had searched without a sign of an
evergreen. On the morning of. the fourth day I awoke
discouraged , time was running out. m

I had now covered an area of approxiamiely two

- thousand miles. I was undecided as to whether I should

continue any longer, the search that seemed impossible. If 1
started and the weather held, I could or should reach home a
little after ten that night. :

_ As I] had breakfast, [ thought of little Cherly, the disap
pointment that would show in-her eyes if I returned without. a
tree. Would shé ever belleve me again, of any other adult?

While packing the tent and sleeping bag, I realized that !
had to make one last attempt. When everything wasto my
- satisfaction, 1 started out in a-wide are to my: right which
would eventually point thenose of machine towards home.

Thesun had almost reached it highest point in the meridian
before I swung the machine into a line that would be towards
home. As I came over a ridge, I found myself looking down
intoa very deep ravine, | followed along the edge as near as I
dared without slipping into it. Perhaps [ had covered four of
five miles when I realized that I was headed away from the
direction I wished to go but felt an irresistible urge to carry
ona bit longer. _ : St me

I finally became cold, stiff and cramped so I stopped to
walk _arotnd a bit to relieve the stiffness. Below me were
small scrubby trees partly covered in by snow, as 1 was
walking back and forth to ease the ache in my legs, ] thought
Isaw a splotch of dark green. Al first I stood and stared
continued to starev I saw, believing that my ‘old eyes were
playing tricks on me. —

The more I stred the more certain I was that my quest had
ended, I rushed back to the snowmobile and ran it as near to
the edge of the ravine as I dared, I placed the braces in the
snow then tried the machine to see if it would go any further
forward: | found that the braces held, so taking the axe, I

_ attached it to my belt. Picking up the hook of the winch cable

I snapped it to the gion my belt, grasping the cable with mv
left hand [ took the retractable cable and switch control in
my right and began letting myself down over the side of the
ravine, —

’ Although there was over two hundred feel of cable, I found
it was not enough to reach the area where the little tree was
growing; reversing the switch lever I returned to the
maching for the coil of rope that wasthere.

Putting this over my shoulder, I again desceded as far as
as possiblethen tying therope tothe cable, I continued another
sixty five feet to where the liltlestood. Kicking the snow from
around it I found it was twisted and knarled but none-the-leas
a 5mall treee slightly over five feet high. I was delighted for
the top three feet was in perfect shape yet I would have to

’ take it all to make thetree of suitable size.

Removing my axe from its sheath I steod and marvelled at
my having fourid the tree. Here is stood, as far as I knew it
was the last Christmas tree inthe whole world.

Would I be called vile names when the world knew that I
had destroyed the last pine tree? [ could almost hear the
News as soon as my find was reported. oe

I knew that I would be beseigned by reporters also by
scientists who would want ihe cones so they could begince
propagation of the species again.

With so serlous a thought in mind, it now became a question
aslo whether. not to cul the tree. Then with the thought of
the happiness it was going toring my little great grand-
daughter, [swung the axe and took the first stroke, _

Littly Cheryl would become renowed as the last child to —

ever to have a real Christmas tree; while i--I be cursed and
fritten in history as the senseless vandal who destoyed the
ast pine. ; , ;

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