+ BEHIND DULLES’ POLICY -

law in Jordan.
The U.S. fleet, complete

with atom bombers, rushed

| into the eastern Mediterranean.

| What was Dulles up to?

| Protecting the Middle East

: from “international Commun-

| ism” and “Soviet infiltration.”

| That is the official U.S. ver-

: sion.

| Protecting the U.S. oil kings’
interests in the area. That is
what everyone knows he is do-
ing—and edging British inter-

| ests at the same time.

|

:

:

:

ARTIAL

“As British influence fades,
the role of the United States
in the_oil countries is getting
more and more important. For
one thing, American oil com-
panies now produce nearly
twice as much oil in the Middle
East as the British do.”

Who said that? U.S. News
and World Report — a good
solid American big  busirfess
Magazine — just a few issues
back.

It added that the U.S. “is
finding the rise of nationalism
one of the toughest problems
it has to deal with.” No doubt.

Syria blew u, saese 3 oil
{pipelines when Egypt was
attacked by Anglo-French

doct

By LANCE SAMSON

From a long way back U.S.
policy has had twin aims: try-
ing to stop the Arabs from
running their own countries
and taking over their own na-
tural resources; and ousting
British interests in the area.
All under the umbrella of
fighting “international Com-
munism,”

“Above all, oil” — in the
White House as in- Whitehall.

Ten months ago, U.S. Sec-
retary of State John Foster
Dulles touched off the Middle
East crisis. Not by accident,
but by cold-blooded design.
And since then he has done
nothing but heap troubles on
the oil-laden lands.

Look at the record.

Authoritative U.S. evidence
now shows that “brinkman”
Dulles, last July, deliberately.
withdrew the U.S. promise of
financial aid to Egypt for the
Aswan Dam project, which

—
\/ JORDAN
Elathyy Agaba

EGYPT
‘i

“9 JeAran

— O'l-soaked

aR :
could end that country’s pov-
erty, as a “calculated major
gambit in the cold war.” He
knew Egypt might reply by
nationalizing the Suez Canal.

John Robinson Beal, diplo-
matic correspondent of Time
magazine, revealed in a re-
cently published, and highly
adulating, biography of Dulles

just how’ deliberate the plan
was.

“For Dulles a moment of
cold-war climax had come... .
Nasser combined the right tim-
ing, the right geography and
the right order of magnitude
for a truly major gambit in
the cold war,” he wrote.

Commented the Washington
Post: “The tale places on Mr.
Dulles an additional share of
the blame, not only for Nas-
ser’s nationalization of the
Suez Canal Company, but al-
so for the increasing despera-
tion in Britain and France, the
Suez invasion. .. .”

Within a week President
Nasser had nationalized the

Continued on page 11

—— Mayor oil pipelines «|
mary Pipelines under construction
- Proposed pipeline routes

the most practical.

Surveyors are studying these
possible routes to determine

Israel laying 8-inch pipeline
here, hopes to build larger
One over same route.

ae Gulf to Gulf of Aqaba; pipeline
through Israel to Mediterranean

re New pipelines on

weet safer territory

3 Super tankers for
g4a Shipment arcund Africa

mi Tanker shipment from Persian

J. P. Richards:
sinister salesman

Te salesman has long held
an important place in the
American way of life.

But none has ever had
such a big territory or such
sinister merchandise, as
James Richards, the man
President Eisenhower pick-
ed as his special envoy to
peddle his doctrine of in-
terference round the coun-
tries of the Middle East.

Sixty-two-year-old James
Prioleau Richards — Dick
to his own circle — studied
law in his native South
Carolina. Six feet tall, he
distinguished himself at col-
lege both at football and
baseball.

In the First World War he
enlisted as a private, fought
in France, was promoted to
lieutenant after war’s end.
He took his law degree in
1921, practised for a year
as lawyer in Lancaster anc
then for 10. years was pro-

bate judge of Lancaster
Country.
In 1932 — he was mar-

ried. by! then, with two sons
and a daughter — South
Carolina elected him as a
Democrat ta the U.S. House
of Representatives.

After 24 years in Washing
ton as a congressman he re-
tired at the end of last year
to South Carolina where he
aimed to “farm a little,
practise a little law with
my son, fish a little, hunt

a little, and look at the
moon once in a while.”
Very innocuous, but it
only lasted a few days.
$03 bos 03

On January 5, President
Eisenhower outlined his
plan for the Middle East,
which provides for direct
U.S. military intervention in
that area, where over half

the oil production is in U.S.
hands.

Two days later, he named
Richards as special ambas-
sador to head a mission of
persuasion.

For Richards this was no
new task; he had long ex-
perience of dollar diplom-
acy. In 1947 he had toured
Europe with a group of 19
congressmen on a foreign
‘aid” survey. The Marshall
Plan was the result.

His qualifications for his
present job went further.
Late in 1954 he was joint
leader of a congressional
survey mission which visit-
ed the Far East and most
Middle East countries.

Its recommendation: more
private U.S. capital financ-
ing in those countries, and
dollar “aid” for countries
not already linked to the
U.S. military pacts —~ in fact

a forerunner of the Eisen-
hower Doctrine.

On March 7 the doctrine
got its final approval after
being pushed through Con-
gress. Within a week sales-
man Richards, with six
Washington-appointed aides
in a special state depart-
ment plan with $200 million
in his pocket to back his
line in sales talk.

He had some initial suc-
cess, particularly in -Bagh-
dad Pact countries where it
was largely a question of
sealing agreement on U.S.
influence replacing British.

Tran, Iraq, Turkey, Pakis-
tan. — all in the Baghdad
Pact, whose military com-
mittee the U.S. joined dur-
ing the Richards trip —
signed on the dotted line.
So did Lebanon and Libya.

But Afghanistan, the Ye-
men, the Sudan and -even
the Arabian - American Oil
Company’s state of Saudi
Arabia, though they all. re-
ceived him courteously, gave
him but little encourage-
ment. His fine Southern
manners, considered one of
his assets for the job, help-
ed little.

And his biggest head-
aches remained: Jordan,
Syria, Egypt. Opposition

was so strong, they might
not even invite him in.

‘We do not seek bases or
favors of any kind. We want
nothing but friends who will
fight for the democratic
form of government,” de-
clared Richards on _ his
rounds.

u cos tt

Still the sales - resistance
mounted. So while he and
his mission stayed out of
the way in Ethiopia, Ameri-’
can diplomats in Amman
promised King Hussein of
Jordan help if he ousted the
democratically elected, anti-
imperialist Nabulsi govern-
ment.

King Hussein obliged —
and accepted $1 million in
Sara

It’s just a variation on
that old American custom:
the protection racket. Only
this time it’s the atom-
bomber - equipped Sixth
Fleet which backs up Rich-
ards’ sales talk.

Now, after nearly two
months of trying to make
friends and influence people
and_10 lbs. lighter than his
normal 185 lbs. — Richards
has been recalled to Wash-
ington for consultations.

He would do himself: —
and the world—a real serv-
ice if he just went quietly
back to his South Carolina
moon-gazing. After all, he
should know by now:
money can’t buy everything.

MAY 1%, 1957 — PACIFIC TRIBUNE—"AGE 19