New Book Predicts Prison Violence Likely Why is the federal system in Canada so violent? Many of the answers rest within the system itself and in the criminal justice system on which it is based, say Gerard McNeil and -Woman’s Fault Women are partly to blame for’ their poor record in job vancements, says Helen McVey, director of the CBC's office of equal opportunity. . recent CBC report shows men still hold the bulk of power positions in ‘the corporation. In i975 women held 9.1 per cent of management sitions. Two years ater, they occupied 10.7 per cent. But, said Mrs. MeVey,: ' some of the blame goes to the women, “They don’t think in terms of a career but of a . here-until phenomenon. - They figure they'll take a - job until they get mar- ried, .or until they help ‘pay for the down ‘payment on a house or until they have their first baby.”? Most women don't realize they are part of the work force for more than 20 years, although those years may be bro- ken up, she said. “They have to learn to invest their time wisely. . Some women in support jobs are not really ‘prepared to move up the adder,” . PERCENTAGE LOW ‘Today ‘the CBC em- ploys 12,000. In 1974, when a federal report on the status of women in the _ CBC criticized the cérpo- ad. ration for a dismal record of equal opportunity, women represented 26 . per cent of the staff, compared with the na- tional average of 34.4 per cent, In 1977, as the number of women in the natlonal work force increased to 37.6 per cent, the number of positions held by women in the CBC in- creased marginally to 28.1 per cent. '- Moreover, the CBC report says, represen- tation of women in the more visible production positions decreased to 16.3 per cent in 1977 from 16.4in 1975, In some other categories, women are barely represented, the report shows, . The 12 CBC foreign news correspondents are men, Among 360 stagehands and staging attendants, three are women. Of 146 nters and painters, only four are women. “The reverse is true’ also,” said Mrs, McVey. “The position of script . assistant is always given to 4 woman. For some reason ther are no male script assistants.” , Mrs. McVey said senior Management was very responsive to the report and has given its full support to equal op- portunity in the CBC. To Continue Sharon Vance, authors of the book Cruel and Unusual, which has just been published by Deneau and Greenberg of Ottawa. McNeil and Vance accompanied a parliamentary sub- committee that toured the prison system last year and their book, based on their experiences, describes the system and some of its effect on -the individuals who become' trapped in it, “‘Few Canadians understand what goes on in prison in Canada,’ McNeil and Vance. say. “Prison is a lawless society, in which guards and prisoners alike fear for their safety, often for their lives.” ’ Some prisoners appeared before the sub- committee in shackless, Some bore the self- inflicted scars made by razors to get attention in the cells they were held in for 2312 hours‘a day. Other bore the tooth marks of guard dogs set on them in their cells. Some had been sentenced to two years, but were still in prison ten years later. ‘ Some were caught in a lifetime of red tape. Some were trying to learn a trade, unaware ‘that the trade certificates offered in prison are often worthless; Others, under’ the new 25-vear minimum terms. for first-degree murder, had been told they would only be eligible to apply for parole in the 2ist centure. The guards included people like Frank Newton, whose hands were blown off by a Christmas parcel bomb, and Bernie Evans, a riot-prone watchman at Millhaven, most sinister of the federal prisons, Cruel and Unusual describes what life is like for the prisoners in a system in which ad- ministrators work office hours, leaving the prisoners to the varying mercy of the guards after dark. , ; It also describes how people get into prison in a country notorious for locking its people up. The cost and results of this approach are set out in some detail. Some alternatives are offered as THE HERALD. toed, “ped vs. 1974, PAGE § well, among them a modification of Canada's drug laws. The sub-committee was told that . herion in British Columbia fifth largest industry, ‘that drugs account for 80 per cent of crime in cities like Vancouver, and that as many as half the men in some prisons are in for drug-related crimes. The book is the first of its kind about im- Prisonment in Canada. It cuts through the elaborate doubletalk that disguises the reality of the system from the Canadians who pay for it. It lays out the unvleasant facts about a system that has been called:**Not simply inhumane bui the ‘Most individually destructive,, psycho-logically crippling and socially alienating experince that could conceivably exist within the borders of this country. Deneau and Greenberg, publishers of Cruel and Unusual, believe the book will help people gain some understanding of why prisons are violent, and why they will remain violent. a a * 6 : Introduction. _ Immigration is one of the most important influences in Canadian life. Italwayshasbeen, Immigration affects us culturally, adcially and economically. Domesti- cally and internationally. . From now on, immigrants and those visitors who come to work or Civil rights of those involved in - immigration proceedings receive greater protection under the new law. And deportation will no longer be the only possible penalty. There are . now less drastic alternatives for minor infractions of immigration law. Immigration will not be easier, but Under the new law, the federal and provincial governments will share many responsibilities. Tb this end, formal agreements on immigration planning and management will be made with the Provinces. Each year, after federal-provincial discussions, a target figure for im- Toensure that immigration con- tinues to work for the good of Canada, our immigration lawhas undergone . some significant changes. And whether you're a fifth generation citizen or just a visitor, you ought to know what's new. The changes. _For the last four years, individuals and organizations have made suggestions for change to Canada’s © immigration law and policy, study must make all immigration arrangements before they arrive in Canada. No one may change his or her status-while inside Canada. Canada has always allowed sponsorship of the immigration of a wide range of close relatives, With the new family class, Canadian - citizens can now sponsor parents of any age. Canada has always protected refugees within her borders according to a Convention of the United Nations. This protection is now it will be more predictable. Immigrants and visitors should always talk to their Canadian Government visa office before they make a move. That way, they'll know exactly where they stand when they step off the plane. How it affects The new immigration law is a blueprint for the future.A flexible blue- migration volume will be announced, The number will depend upon national, regional, economivand social goals. Immigrants will be encouraged to settle in places where their particular skills are really needed. They will be discouraged from settling in places » where employment is a problem. Géneraliy speaking, illegal im- migrants will find the law tougher than ever. As will those people who exploit legal immigrants. The new law, of course, will con-. . Many of the responses received _ given the force of Canadian law. printthatallows for _—_tinue our tradition of strong pro-_ Government Hel s have become part of the new Inaddition, anew refugee class unexpected change. _ tection againstinternational criminals p immigration law, designed to serve defines the when, how and : Its influence on the and terrorists, , everyone's best interests foryears whoofaccepting fabric of Canadian _ In these ways and more, our Oyster F armers to come. refugees for society willbe subtle and new immigration law can only make Loe ; For the first time, the basic resettlement long-range. . Canada stronger. And a better . Oyster farmers in Resources Branch purposés and principles ofourimmi- in Canada. place to live. British Columbia are to sug’ eat annual anste! gration law are clearly stated in 2 be cla Similarly to production on inter-tida: ~ its provisi : Th future, “conventional ""fGeifiets,~ Bround'"tin' be talise thelawandthe wer thoren etuture, gligtble “for tow. interest ‘fom allone per wane € carried out by immigration officers, The future of immigration in siderations according to 200 gallons per acre al 20W flow from these purposes Canada cannot be controlled ‘Sam Bawlf, Minister of . full production. Such ar | and principles: by an ironclad set of rules. Recreation and Con- increase, with worl¢ Non-discrimination. Reynion o Canada’s new immigration servation. demand for our marine families, Humanitarian concern law combines humanity, : armen ne "aut ered Pod ° Be Of een for refugees. And the promotion of _justice, international responsi- ..costly setbacks because of the 1976 seed oyster ° {spat) failure in Pendrell Sound are to receive artial compensation rom the provincial government. Mr, Bawlf announced ~ that he has won Cabinet approval to establish an ' $85-thousand Oyster Seed Development Program providing loans and granta for oyster far-. mers, And in a separate decision, Mr. Bawlf said Cabinet has determined that aquaculture ac- tivitles Including oyster culture and fish farming are to be classified as farming for purposes of " .tax assessment. Under the Oyster Seed Development Program the. Minister of Recreation and Con- servation, wil] make available low interest loans. similar to - those _ available to farmers to ‘help oysters growers ‘collect seed. “ In addition direct grants will be available to rowers’ who suffered nanclal losses in 1976 while. gearing up to, collect seed in Pendrell Sound. A natural failure of. oyster spawning that year meant growers had. import expensive seed oysters from Japan and the United States, - Taxation benefits to . oyster farmers from their’ classification change to. ‘famr operations include preferential property tax assessments similar to those available to far- ‘mers, Until now, oyster growers were not deemed to be -elther farmer or ‘fisherman, ’ Present oyster production in British : Columbia averages 80- 85,000 gallons per year with a wholesale valué of more than $1. million. * We -believe. these tax breaks and low interest loans will provide an incentive to the oyster Industry to increase ite - Output,” . ‘said’ = Mr. Bawit. Experiments conducted by the Marine benefit to the province's economy.” Mr. Bawlf went on the ' note that his Marine Resources Branch ad- visers belleve a subtidal culture method using flotation devices to * support the seed oysters can yield an annual production in excess of 1000 galllons per acr. “While this figure - represents an ideal at this . . et 2," sald Mr, Bawif, enormous potental in the oyster industry. For the present I am satisfied to" set a target annual average yleld of 200 ‘gallons per acre, and. to provide assistance tohat — end, However, in the longer haul, as markets continue: to expand and our expertise grows, I-am 0 much higher production and make ‘an even greater contribution to ‘employment and income in British Columbia.” Briefs THEY ARE MUTT AND JEFF " Alaska, the largest- mQu §S. state, is almost $00 times bigger than the smallest state, Rhode Island. oo KEEP TRACK OF EVERYONE A first -cousin once - removed is the child: of . your first cousin; a second cousin is the child of your ‘parents’ first cousin. ; LAWNS DRINK A LOT | Estimates _ are that about 40 per cent of the ‘U.S. domestic water supply is used to water lawns and yards. . CENTRE FOUNDED The first Jewish community centre tn America was founded in Baltimore in 1854, - ON OUR DOORSTEP The northernmost town in the continguous United States is Angle Inlet, Minn, soe : lieve it suggeats an that our oyster | vin ustry can work toward - Canada’s economic, social and - cultural goals, _ dust words you say? Well read on, becauge the rest’ of the new law has been carefully written to make’ it possible for Canada to live up to its word. Employment and Immigration Canada = Immigration Canada Emploi ai 1. Bud Cullen, Minister = Gud Cullen, Ministre bility and adaptability in a way %, that no other country’s immi- gration law ever has. We're proud of it. And we invite you to learn more by asking for detailed pamphlets at your nearby Canada Immigration Centre.