World’s:leading intellectuals condemn U.S. war provocations By JOSEPH STAROBIN —WiROCLAW, POLAND A two-third majority of American delegates at the World Congress of Culture here backed the appeal of the Congress that “national committees for peace be formed every- where and international ties between men of culture of all countries be strengthened in the interests of peace.” Until the very last moment, it was unclear whether a_ small handful of American and British delegates, minorities in their own groups, would make good their earlier threat to walk out. They finally remained, however, although busying themselves with state- ments to the foreign press, which were facilitated by local American embassy Officials. British dissen- ters later withdrew their splitting statement and apologized to the Congress, : Ovations echoed when 23 Ameri- can votes were cast for the resolu- tion with only seven opposed and two abstaining. Twenty-five of the British delegates favored the appeal with four opposing and three abstaining. Two abstentions from Switzerland and one each from Sweden and Brazil contrast- ed with the overwhelming affirma- tion by more than 500 delegates, among them the entire French and Italian groups. : A permanent bureau was elected to plan future work. The Congress headquarters are slated to be at Paris, Howard Fast and Paul Robeson were among Americans invited to join with additional Americans yet to be nominated, in the per- manent committee which includes among others: Martin Anderson- Nexo, venerable Danish author; Louis Aragon and Mme. Irene Jo- liot “of France; Jerzy Borejsza, the Congress organizer and Polish leader;, J. G. Crowther of Great Britain; Jorge Amada of Brazil; Fadeyey and Piotr Fedoseyev of the Soviet Union; Pablo Neruda of Chile and Emilio Sereni of Italy. : In the final afternoon. session, 30,000 workers of Wroclaw crowd- ed the vast Hippodrome to hear the delegates with Nexo, the So- viet writer Leonid Leonov, and the Dean of Canterbury making mov- ing appeals for a world front of progressive forces against war. A Soviet spokesman, David Zas- lavsky, denounced the pessimism of British scientist, Julian Huxley, urging the western delegates to examine the state of affairs in their own country. Interest has centered on a sharp split in the British group, which includes leading figures, such as the scientist, J. H. Bernal; Dean of Canterbury; Hyman Levy; A. H. P. Taylor for Oxford and Julian, Huxley of UNESCO. Taylor was the chief dissenter. The main body of the American delegates, ranging from Albert Kahn to Ella Winter to Freda Kirchwey, publisher of the Nation, to radio writer Norman Corwin, economist Dr. Otto Nathan, and O. John Rogge, Donald Ogden Stew- art, and sculptor Jo Davidson fin- ally united in common support for the objectives of the Congress. Aubrey Pankey, noted singer, EAST END TAXI UNION DRIVERS HA. 0334 Fully ' 24-Hour Insured Service 613 East Hastings, Vancouver . PACIFIC 9588 MacArthur's strikebreaking the Motion Picture and Theatrical studios in protest against the government’s strikebreaking. Toho strike began Marck: 31 following the firing of 300 workers. Two thousand Japanese sitdown strikers, employees of the Toho movie studio, were forced off the lot by US tanks, armored cars and GI’s sent in to back up Japanese police. Members of Union walked out of other movie The gave a vivid description of Jim- crow practices against American Negroes which brought an ‘ova- tion. Equally well received was a pledge by Albert Kahn that Ameri- can progressives are not belittl- ing the task facing them and are fighting to replace a government which has “ceased to represent the people’s interests.” Despite these declarations, the fact remains that the voice of cul- tural America has hardly been heard here and a serious analysis of the danger of American and world culture from the imperialist decline has been left to Soviet figures, among whom Ehrenburg made the most balanced presenta- tion. In unusually brilliant images, the Soviet author warned that “people who put their own writers under lock and key are hardly likely to scruple about destroying the Louvre.” ERP will perpetuate hunger---Wallace Henry Wallace on the Marshall Plan: : “The ERP will not fight hun- ger, but perpetuate it. The ERP will not promote recovery, but will indefinitely postpone it. The ERP sets European living stan- dards below prewar standards, while it seeks to revive Germany as a great industrial center of the European military bloc, and would restore the power of the European monopolists and land- owners Over the people of Eur- ope. The ERP would open west- ern Europe to control by Wall Street. It sidesteps and will de- stroy the United Nations. It would increase, instead of dimi- nish, international friction.” The contrast between labor con- ditions in Kuomintang territory and those in the liberated areas was stressed in scores of reports. Delegates who had filtered: through Chiang Kai-shek’s battlelines to attend the Harbin meeting talked of suppression, terror and starva- tion. Delegates from the liberated areas spoke of strong unions taking 119 EAST FREE DE Supplying Fishing B Jack. Cooney, Mgr. FERRY MEAT MARKET Vancouver, B.C. HASTINGS LIVERY oats Our Specialty Nite Calls GL. 1740L Hitler's finance chief freed by German court STUTTGART, Germany — Hjalmar Schacht, Hitler’s financial brain, has been acquitted of collaboration with the Nazis by,a German appeals cour The decision reversed a 1947 ru court which had sentenced Schacht to an 8-year prison term. In 1946 the Nazi financial wizard was freed by the Nuremberg international tribunal, over the Soviet Union's objection on grounds that he did not know of Hitler’s war plans. The appeals court declared Schacht had taken part in the apposition movement against Hit- ler since 1936. It explained away Schacht’s pro-Hitler speeches after that time as necessary because he had to make them to hold his job. Expanding on the shocking white- wash of one of the top-ranking Nazis, the court slurred German anti-fascists, saying: “None of the civilians who participated in the resistance movement did more than Schacht.” In Berlin, the Soviet-licensed news agency ADN_ charged that “the acquittal was a.classic ex- ample of the denazification prac- tices in the western zone.” While supposedly serving his 8- year prison term, Schacht was giv- en favored treatment. He was moved from a~ German camp to a U.S.-run compound near Frank- “SUMUVUUUUULUUTUUUERGTOGUT ULLAL British, Chinese hit MacArthur strike ban TOKYO—tThe British Common- wealth and Chinese members of the Allied Control Council for Japan joined the Soviet Union in attack- ing General Douglas MacArthur’s July directive to the Japanese gov- ernment to ban strikes by govern- ment employees. The criticism came at a special council meeting where U.S. dele- gate William J. Sebald sought to answer charges by Soviet member Major General A. P. Kislenko that the MacArthur order violated the Far Eastern Commission principles on labor unions and contradicted the terms of the Truman-Stalin- Attlee Potsdam declaration. Kis- lenko’s objections were announced August 11. Both British and Chinese dele- gates hit the Japanese govern- ment’s order depriving government workers of collective bargaining and strike rights. The ban has also brought sharp repercussions inside the _ labor movement. A number of ‘unions have struck in protest and Mac- Arthur’s chief labor advisor (see below), James S. Killen, an AFL official, handed in his resignation. “ST egress, ‘ Chinese labor for Chiang defeat HARBIN, Manchuria—The All-China Labor Con an end here with 500 delegates representing 2,850,000 solving to “defeat Chiang Kai-shek, establish a new, U.S. government intervention in China’s, civil war. the first in 20 years, drew to workers from all parts of China re- democratic republic” and put a stop to an activé part in politics and the management of industry. Ouyang Tsu-jun, leader of the underground labor movement in Shanghai, said ‘there have been 155 strikes in the last two years as workers fought back “with un- beatable courage,” constantly de- vising new ways of fighting police terror. ‘ Chiang Kai-shek’s Kuomintang tries to stifle all opposition by a highly specialized system of espion- age and terror, he continued. Workers have been locked up in cages so small that they could not even sit down. A man may be tortured by the medieval methods—water forced into his nose or mouth until his stomach bursts, or hung up by little fingers and toes with a weight on his stomach, To encourage stoolpigeons, Ku- \ omintang-controlled unions have specially trained workers who are paid to spy on others. Spies fail- ing to report their quota of “Com- munists” are taken off the-payroll. When a worker is turned in to Kuomintang authorities, he is sel- dom seen again, alive or dead. In the liberated areas of China, labor is not only free but helps run affairs, delegates declared. Chen Yun, speaking for unions of Manchuria, reported that in mines, power plants and factories work- ers are now holding administrative posts. Hailing the fight of workers in Kuomintang areas, delegates from the liberated areas pledged to give a day’s pay “to provide more weapons for workers and students struggling against Chiang Kai- shek.” t in the Anglo-American zone. ling by a German denazification furt, where he was reported to have been one of the top ad- visers to the U.S. Military Govern- ment in its recent currency reform program. At the time of his transfer, in late 1947, U.S. officials admitted that Schacht was aiding the German Finance Directorate, whose members had, requested his advice. Schacht has long links with top U.S. bankers, lawyers and in- dustrialists. The year that Hit- ler seized power Schacht met with John Foster Dulles, now top Republican foreign policy ex- pert, who was developing lucra- tive German connections for his law firm at the time. Dulles’ brother Allen, director of the New York branch of the Anglo-German Schroeder. bank, worked closely with Schacht’s associate, banker and S.S. leader Baron Kurt von Schroeder. In 1944 Schacht sent friends to Allen Dulles, then heading the U.S. Office of Strategic Services branch in Switzerland, to discuss the basis for postwar cooperation. Schacht suggested a “soft peace,” indicating that on these terms the U.S. could move into the German economy. “Later John Foster Dulles elaborated on Schacht's sug- gestions and urged that the Ruhr be rebuilt as the main U-\S. arsenal in Europe. P Schacht’s release ever-growing number of high- ranking Nazi industrialists who are now free to go about their business in the Anglo-American zone. adds to the An American military tribunal recently acquitted 21 top-rank I. G. Farben officials of plotting and waging aggressive war. The leaders of this giant chemical combine which nourished the Hitler war machine were freed along with’ heads of the Krupp munitions firm, who were acquit- ted previously because of alleg- ed insufficient evidence, Schacht had been serving an 8- year term for collaborating with the Nazis. His release came after a German denazification appeals court decided September 1 that he was not guilty. AMG explained its refusal to act against Schacht by saying the case was a purely German matter. $ Resigns Vice-president James S. Killen of the International Brotherhood of Pulp, Sulphite and Papermill Workers (AFL) resigned recently as U.S. Labor occupation head in Japan in protest against General General Douglas MacArthur's edict banning collective bargain- ing and strikes by Japanese workers, PACIFiC TRIBUNE—SEPTEMBER 10, 1948—PAGE 3