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‘Make peace
triumph over
war

Text of the inspiring address
delivered by
DR. JAMES G. ENDICOTT
to the National Assembly to
Save Peace held in Toronto on
April 7-8

é-
SRE

"econ years ago this spring,
groups of citizens in various
parts of Canada became increas-
ingly alarmed at the scare head-
lines in the press and at the talk
of war. Meetings were called and
discussions took place as to ways
_and means to save the peace. From
these small beginnings there grew
the broad national peace move-
ment which brought into being the
an Peace Congress. A

small conference was held in 1949,

a much larger one last year, at-
tended by 1750 delegates, and the

movement has culminated in this

great “National Assembly to Save
_ The Peace.”

At the same time as the Cana-

dian peace movement was grow-

ing, there was developing in all
other countries a concern. about
the worsening world sitvfation.

During the spring of 1949 a call to

a world conference in Paris was

issued. The Canadian movement

decided to send a delegate and

two Canadians already in Europe

were also accredited. At the Paris

meeting a permanent World Com-

mittee to Defend Peace was set up
and the newly formed Canadian
Peace Congress became affiliated
with it.

This conference in Paris was
followed by the historic meeting
' of the World Committee at Stock-

holm which sent out the appeal
_ to the conscience of the world to

outlaw the atom bomb and to
brand as a war criminal any gov-
ernment which first uses it.

We take it as a matter of pride
that the*Canadian Peace Congress
initiated the first “Ban The Bomb”
petition in the world, in October
1949. At the Stockholm meeting

in April 1950 I was able to take
along in my pocket the great re-

sults of this petition. Moreover, I

consider it the greatest honor of
my life that I was one of the eight

or ten persons whq framed the or-
iginal Stockholm Appeal.

Giant strength of

world peace movement

results of the Stockholm Ap-

peal were astonishing. Over 500
million people signed it; nearly
half of the adult population of the
world! A new giant strength for
_ peace-was brought into being and
all who hope and pray for peace

“pr. James G. Endicott and Dr.

Christopher

Woodard (right), British guest speaker at the As-

Srp sign

took fresh courage. On the other
hand, those who seem to believe
still in war as a meangof national
policy were enraged and fright-
ened.

‘One U.S. senator spoke of “the
disastrous consequences of the
Stockholm Appeal” in mobilizing
people against the. use of the
bomb. The U.S. State Department
felt it mecessary to circulate an
unsigned document to all service
clubs and religious organizations,
in North America warning them
against the Stockholm Appeal. A
vast campaign of falsehood was
organized by the western press

_and radio to present this great ap-

peal as a “communist trick.”

Actually there is a resolution in
the United Nations calling for this
very thing — the outlawing of
atomic weapons—and the Foreign
Ministers’ ‘Conference in Moscow,
December 17, 1945 asked for a
commission to formulate practical
atomic weapon and all other
proposals for “eliminating the
major weapons of mass destruc-
tion from national armaments.”

Any honest student of the ques-,
tion knows that the Baruch Plan

was unworkable and did not in-.

tend \to eliminate atom bombs or
the manufacture of them in any
forseeable future. Yet the United
States has put across a mass prop-
aganda about this unworkable
plan to suggest that it is the only
reasonable plan and that those
who will not accept it are at fault.
The falseness of the Baruch Plan
has been thoroughly exposed by
the British scientist, Professor
Blackett in his book, Fear, War,
and the Bomb.

Opponents of peaceful solutions
for international tensions have
carefully spread the ‘falsehood
that it is the Soviet Union which
will not agree to control and in-
spection. This is not true. Nor is
it true that the United States has
ever, at any time, offered a work-
able plan for the rapid abolition
of the atomic weapon. Im fact,

the Pact for Peace petition. :

all arguments in the United States :

prove that they consider the
atomic bomb as the one and indis-
pensable weapon. The use of the
atomic bomb has been advocated

‘by high officials often and it has

been condoned and approved by
many responsible church leaders
in the West.

Be that as it may, our world-
wide challenge to outlaw the at-
omic bomb as a great step to
world peace was debated every-
where. Our petitioners went to
every country in the world, in
town and country, i private
homes and public meetings. They
carried the message in factories
and fields, and on ships, trains
and aeroplanes. Truly it could be
said of those who worked for this
petitions that encircled the globe:

“How beautiful upon the moun-
tains are the feet of him that
bringeth good tidings, that pub-
lisheth peace.”

: —Isaiah 52:7.

Prof. Joliot-Curie reported to ”

the World Peace Congress one
great result of the Stockholm Ap-
peal. He said:

“Those who think to. as this
monstrous weapon of mass murder.
will not only have to consider ex-
pert military opinion, they will

also know that their decision will —

be examined by millions of peo-
ple the world over who may one
day become their judges.”

The people are no longer mere-
ly passive observers of events.
They are assuming in their hun-
dreds of millions the responsibil-
ity of estimating the policies of
governments and the statesmen
who formulate those policies, and
are acting accordingly.

Peace movement has
become Peoples’ UN

past year the great gatherings at
Sheffield and Warsaw, to which
23 Canadians journeyed and for

_ tions.

which the Canadian movement
raised over $20,000 demonstrated
by the 2065 delegates representing
every country in’ the world, that
our peace movement had in fact
become the Peoples’ United Na-
Our gathering included
many that are not allowed a voice
in the United Nations such as
those from the 450 million dispos-
sessed people of Black Africa.

The World Peace Council which
was set up by the Warsaw ‘Con-
gress, has proclaimed its determ-
ination to save the United Nations
and restore it to its’rightful func-
tion as an organization to pre-
serve the peace by negotiation and
according to specific procedures
laid down in the Charter. At the
present time the UN is not ful-
filling this function and there are
powerful forces in North America
which do not intend to let it ful-
fill this function. '

For example, certain U.S. pub-
lications speak almost weekly of
a “war against communism.” The
U.S. president himself often
speaks in this way. General Mac-
Arthur has volunteered, withcut
anyone asking him to*do so, to
give the rest of his life to “fight-
ing communism.” But the. very
words of the United Nations
Charter condemn such talk. It is
written in the Atlantic Charter
which preceded the United Na-
tions agreement:

“They respect the right of peo-
ples to choose the form of govern-
mént under which they live’ and
“they desire to bring about the
fullest collaboration in the econ-
omic field.”

Clause VIII of the UN Charter
says: “The United Nations be-
lieves that all nations... . must
come to the abandonment of the
use of force and that the disarma-
ment of nations is essential.”

UN sef-up presumed
peaceful coexistence

*HE fact that a United Nations
* was set up in 1945 presumed the
peaceful co-existence of the two
previaling systems, socialism and
capitalism. It was well-known at
that time that many nations had
what is called a ‘“communistic”
government. The signing of the

‘Charter was, in fact, a -solemn

declaration by governments with
different systems of economic and
political ideology that they intend-
ed to rid the world of the scourge

of war and to “achieve interna- -

tional co-operation.”

Moreover, in this very question
of internal changes in the political
structure of nations, the Charter
expressly rules out ideological war
in Article 2, Section 7 which says:

“Nothing contained in the pre-

sent Charter shall authorize the _

United Nations to intervene in

_matters which are essentially

within the domestic jurisdiction of ;
any state, or shall require the
Members to submit such miatters
to settlement under the present
Charter.”

This makes it quite clear that
the majority of mankind is quite
right in insisting that no nation
or group of nations is entitled to
use the United Nations to make
war against the forms of govern-
ment obtaining in some of the
signatories of the original Chart-
er. }

War in Korea voids

peace purpose of UN |

Te war in Korea, which up to

now has destroyed the majority
of the people’s homes and has kill-
ed over a million helpless civil-
jians, is a woeful example of the
betrayal of the purposes of the
United Nations. The mission of
the United Nations — to preserve
peace by recognizing the necessity

of negotiation and the unity of the
great powers—was made null and
void ‘by a decision taken in the
absence of both the. Soviet Union
and the People’s Republic of
China. :

Moreover, the decision was to
wage war, without negotiation, or
ever hearing the case of the ac-
cused in the Security Council,
thereby violating Article 32 which
says: “any state which is not a
Member of the United Nations, if
it is a party to a dispute under
consideration by the Secnrity
Council, shall be invited to par-
ticipate, without vote, in the dis-
cussion relating to the dispute.” .

The war which is being waged
in Korea must be considered as a
violent intervention in the internal
affairs of a proud, long-suffering
and heroic people who were prom-
ised the right to run their own
affairs after liberation from forty
years of Japanese colonial oppres-
sion,

hen for the second time the
Korean and Chinese question was
debated, in January of this year,
what a wonderful opportunity was
missed by bur foreign affairs min-
ister, L. B. Pearson. He failed to
speak out positively for a peace-
ful solution by negotiation. The
Indian delegate has suggested that
Canada might have changed the
whole course of events had she
stood firm. But, instead, Pearson
dashed the hopes of all Canadians
by missing the bus for peace and
making at the last minute an un-!
dignified scramble onto the Tru-
man war chariot by voting for the
infamous and unjust “aggression”
charge against the People’s Re-
public of China. “

World Peace Congress

‘Nine Points for Peace

HE World Peace Congress in

Sheffield and Warsaw last No-
vember, which set up ‘the perman-
ent World Peace Council and
which rightfully claims to repre-
sent a majority of the people of
the world, proposed nine points
for the re-establishment of the
United Nations as an agency to
maintain peace. Let us re-read
them, in summary, at this point:

1. KOREA

Peace through cessation of hos-
tilities, withdrawal of all foreign
armies, peaceful settlement of
the internal conflict with repre-
sentatives of the Koreans taking
part. The problem must be
dealt with by the full Security
Council, including the People’s
Republic of China.

An end to U.S. armed interven-
tion in Taiwan (Formosa) and
to hostilities against Viet Nam,
military operations which also
threaten the peace of the world.

2. GERMANY and JAPAN
These countries must never be
re-armed. Conclude peace treat-
ies with a united, de-militarized
Germany and with Japan. With-
draw the occupation forces.

3. COLONIES
Colonial peoples have the right
to independence and violence
should not be used to thwart
movements for such indepen-
dence.

4. AGGRESSION
Oppose all aggression, defined aS
the prior use by any state oF
_ armed force under any pretext
whatsoever, against another
state. :

5. WAR PROPAGANDA

All parliaments should enact. @
law to punish any who propa —
gandize for a new war.

6. WAR CRIMES IN
KOREA.
An international out should .
examine who is responsible for
the mass destruction of civilians
in Korea.

PACIFIC TRIBUNE — APRIL 27, 1951 — Page 10

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