ala

OAS conference meets
amid sharp differences

By VLADIMIR CHERNYSHEV

The conference of foreign min-
isters of 24 countries of Latin
America and the Caribbean
basin, with the participation of
the U.S. secretary of State, met
recently in Mexico, in an atmos-
phere of sharp differences caus-
ed by the deep crisis of the
Organization of American States
(OAS) and the entire system of
inter-American_ relations ‘based
on U.S. diktat with regard to its
southern neighbors.

During the sharp discussion
at the conference many deleg-
ates demanded that the USA
solve fundamental problems for
this part of the world: elimina-
tion of inequitable trade ex-
change with the United States;
restriction of, the activity of
United States monopolies; the
return of the Panama Canal to
the Panamanians; the reorganiz-
ation of the inter-American sys-
tem on principles on equality of
states.

The discussion of Cuba re-
vealed the determination of La-
tin American countries to build
mutual relations on the contin-'
ent in accordance with interna-
tional detente.

Reject Blockade
The delegates of Peru, Colom-
bia, Venezuela, Mexico and other
countries resolutely spoke for
revising relations with Cuba, for
rejecting the policy of blockade

Many reports have appeared
lately about a serious coniplica-
tion of the internal political
situation in China. Foreign
sources of information note that
in a number of places in China,
including Shanghai and Wuhan,
clashes are taking place which
are similar to those that occur-
red during the so-called “cultural
revolution.” According to the
same sources, the Chinese auth-
orities have declared a whole
‘number of cities in Central and
South China off-limits to fore-
igners. Studies in the universi-
ties have been suspended and
work in industry has been limit-
ed,

The anti-Confucian campaign
launched several weeks ago, on
a national scale is gathering
momentum. What is it — an ab-
stract philosophical — struggle
against the ancient philosopher
who lived almost 2,500 years
ago? Far from it. The “histo-
rical” discussions in China have
a real political aim and the ab-
stract philosophical formula-
tions borrowed from Confucious
are being used by the Maoist

leadership to conceal the actual ©

motivation behind the struggle.

Apart from Confucious and
Lin Piao, no other names are
mentioned in this campaign.
Secrecy in the struggle between
various groups — this is a rule
of conduct of the Chinese lead-
ership. So it was with Liu Shao-
chi, and so it was with Lin Piao,
who was Mao Tse-tung’s succes-
sor designate. Now his name
stands for almost all that is evil
in China. Having opened fire on
the ancient philosopher and on
his former successor, Mao in fact
began the second stage of the

imposed by the United States,
the policy which the foreign min-
ister of Jamaica called “a crying
absurdity worthy of the stone
age.” -

U.S. Secretary of State Kiss-
inger, who stood for the Rio de
Janeiro Pact, a military bloc
knocked together to “defend” the
Western hemisphere from _ so-
called “Communist penetration,”
also spoke about working out
the “new policy” of the United
States with regard to Latin Am-
erica, the policy aimed at creat-
ing a “new community in the
Western hemisphere” under the
U.S. aegis, of course. However,
the majority of delegates reject-
ed the U.S. draft resolution.

A resolute rebuff was. given
also to Kissinger’s proposal. to
include on the conference agen-
da the energy crisis, that is the
participation of Latin America
in “joint actions” for seeking a
way out of the situation obtain-
ing. ,

The meeting in Mexico, has
once more revealed the deepen-
ing contradictions between ,the
USA and the majority of Latin
American countries, at the same
time demonstrating the growing
tendency towards consolidating
the unity of Latin American
countries, their increasing deter-
mination to uphold their natio-
nal interests, their aspiration for
independent political and econ-
omic evelopment, and for active
participation in world politics.

“cultural revolution.” In _parti-
cular, this is evidenced by state-
ments that have appeared in the
Chinese press and, just as dur-
ing the “cultural revolution,” in
the tatzupao — these wall pap-
ers in which calls are being is-
sued to the people to smash the
enemies of. Chairman Mao, to
kill rats crossing the streets,
and so forth.

The Chinese press _ openly
writes that the present struggle
is being directed by Chairman
‘Mao personally and that this
campaign is a “matter of para-
mount importance to the Party,
the army and the people.”

They -are staking, as Jenmin ©

Jihpao wrote a few days ago, on
coercive methods and “urban
people’s militia” which is to re-
place the Hungweipings of the
“cultural revolution” period.

But back to Confucious.
The attitude to his teaching was
a subject of dispute in China
throughout the centuries, with
his name being associated with
the worshipping of old feudal
culture. His role was assessed
differently, and so was the role
of Emperor Chin Shi-huang, the
opponent of Confucianism. In
this struggle there were always
two lines: the supporters of
Confucious and the supporters
of the Emperor.

Who is who today? In the in-
ternal political struggle it is the
so-called “moderates” who are
seen as the supporters of Con-
fucious. Jemin Jihpao claimed
editorially that Lin Piao, using
Confucious’s teaching on the in-
variable mean (moderation) , had
attacked the struggle against re-
visionism.

Threats were made in this ar-
ticle against the intellectuals
who allegedly were badly infect-

Soviet writer Boris Korolyov
addresses himself to those
abroad who are distressed by
the expulsion of Solzhenitsyn
and has developed the “Koroly-
ov Plan” designed to please the
likes of Von Thadden, Amnesty
International, U.S. Senator Jack-
son, Radio Liberty, General
Pinochet and the Artiodactyla
Defense League of Alberta.

Among its proposals, the Ko-
rolyov Plan envisages:

e A special Aeroflot flight to
bring Solzhenitsyn back to the
USSR; ;

e Make him an honorary citi-
zen of the USSR;

e Simultaneously bestow on
him the title of honorary citizen
of the United States and Monte
Carlo;

@ Restore his membership in
the USSR Writer’s Union with
the right to play billiards in the
Writer’s Club out of turn;

e Elect him Chairman of the
Literary Fund and use part of
the funds to repair the roof on
his country house which he af-
fectionately calls “Greyhound”;

e Rename one of Moscow's
streets “Solzhenitsyn dead-end”;

e Make a film out of Gulag
Archipelago starring the ghost
of Boris Karloff.

There are more items ’to the
Korolyov Plan which, the writer
hopes, will begin. to ‘answer
some of. the critics. Naturally,
he’s open to any other well-
considered suggestions.

Activity or passivity in the fight
against Confucianism is regard-
ed as a measure of loyalty to
Mao Tse-tung and the group of
left radiculs in the Peking top
leadership.

ed with the “poison of Confu-
cianism,” They are required to
change their world outlook and
declare their absolute loyalty to
Mao. But it is not only against
the intellectuals. that this cam-
paign is aimed. It is also direct-
ed’ against Party functionaries
who are categorically prescribed
to “head the movement against
Confucious and Lin Piao” (more
precisely: against the pragma-
tics”). Activity or passivity in
‘the struggle is to be a measure
of loyalty to Mao Tse-tung and
the group of “Left radicals” in
the Peking top leadership, head-
ed by Mao’s wife Chiang Ching,

Wang Hung-wen and Yao Wen- ©

yuan. Earlier, they say in China,
there was one “sun” — Mao.
Now there are two: Mao and his
wife Ching, and this is why it
has become so hot in Peking.

The press speculates that the
criticism of Confucious is the

The crash program te
print Gulag Archipelago

An’ interesting story comes
from Bonn shedding light on the
crash program undertaken to
get Gulag Archipelago published.
One of the top translators in
West Germany, 3l-year old
Hans-Jochim Schlegel was ap-
proached by the editor at Scherz
Publishers to translate Solzhe-
nitsyn’s book. .

Sthlegal . expressed doubts
about the offer, observing that
the campaign underway was
playing into the hands of the op-
ponents of detente. He told the
editor that he was strongly in

‘favor of the moves toward

peace. “If our publishing house
doesn’t do it, others will,”
argued the editor. ‘We are guid-
ed purely by business considera-
tions and can’t pass up a profit-
able deal like this.”

“I see it differently,” Schlegal
answered. “What do you think
about Solzhenitsyn’s support

for the Chilean junta?,” he asked.

“Chile is a long way off,’ came
the reply. “Besides, I didn’t ask
you here for a political debate.
I’m offering you a_ profitable
contract. Money is no problem,
as long as it’s done quickly. If
you agree, I would ask you to
keep the whole matter secret.”

“And if I don’t agree?”

“Then we'll go to the trans-
lator’s pool at Radio Liberty,”
the editor said. “They’re not up
to the mark in quality, but
they’ll take it.”

Hans-Jochim Schlegal neither

camouflaged criticism of the
pragmatism of the present-day
Premier and his supporters.- It
was recalled that at one time
Confucious, too, was prime min-
ister. Current attacks on Confu-
cious’s idea of the “golden mid-
dle,’ The Washington Star said,
can be easily evaluated as the
criticism of Chou En-lai’s prag-
matism. However, Western cor-
respondents, who in their rep-
orts from Peking interpreted at-
tacks on Confucious in this vein,
were warned ‘by the Chinese
Ministry of Foreign Affairs that
is was a “great error’ to link
Confucious with Chou En-lai.

As the campaign of criticism
on Confucianism is growing in
scope and scale and is being
connected with the defense of
Emperor Chin Shi-huang, one
may conclude that the motive
forces of this process are far
more complex than they may
seem. It is not accidental that a
Kuangmin Jihpao guideline ar-
ticle said that the struggle of
the Confucians with their oppon-
ents was the struggle of the two
classes, the two ways, the two
lines. Hence, it may be suppos-
ed that the struggle of at least
“two lines” is currently under-
way in the Peking leadership.
This is actually confirmed by
the author of the above article.
The main clashes at the 9th
Congress and during prepara-
tions for the 10th Congress, he
writes, centered around the eva-
luation of the ‘cultural revolu-
tion” and the question of wheth-
er or not this revolution should
be continued. In this the author
saw the difference between the
line of Mao and that of Liu Shao-
chi and Lin Piao.

Of late, propaganda battles
have been replaced: by a purge

took the job nor kept the m
ter quiet. He felt it his respe™
sibility to speak up against
whole thing and, at the
time re-iterated his belief i0
importance of continuing
efforts for better world un
standing. c ;

“My job,” he explained,
to seek to acquaint people
Soviet literature which play$?
important role in the life of
country. What Solzhenitsy®
writing today gives us no
of how the Soviet people
and think.”

—e

New Soviet shi
‘Salvador Allend

ODESSA (APN) — The
“Salvador Allende” has left
big Black Sea port for Hav:
carrying equipment for elect
power stations, factories;
ways and other projects ©
built with Soviet technical @
tance in Cuba. a

Apart from the “salyadol ”
lende,” about 20 more
ships are now on the Ww
Cuba. In their holds are
cane harvesters, building ™
ines and mineral fertilizé
Cuba, they will be loadet
nickel and concentrates
sugar,: tobacco and other
bought by the Soviet U®
that country.

fi

of the apparatus. The pure
gan with a reshuffle of the ‘i
reme military command,
ing the commanders of
areas. The reshuffle contin
this very day. It is not @
tal that many political @
consider that the curren
gle for power may 1ea¢,
other cultural revolution
Refering to Chinese *
some organs of the pre :
Mao Tse-tung to Emper?
Shi-huang. For instancé
gave orders to burn boo au
interfered with the conn
his policy. Mao is follow”,
his footsteps — pooks
burned during the “ool
volution”. Works by Bern
and Tchaikovsky ‘are ba
js reported that the Pap
phony Orchestra, whic
perform in Peking, wae
play only Chinese mus!
classics. The orchestté
required to present ©
ahead of time. These
patched, but Peking di
pond and the tour
celled. Q
Reports from peking
by various media say pi
current campaign 1?
designed to consolidate |
tions of Mao’s suppo!
destroy those who
processes generated P
tural revolution.”
struggle is going
background of -
growth of
which the Peking.
usually resorts to dis
lic opinion from the
ments at home. he
by the fact that t
press prints numeror™ in
articles spearheadé a
Soviet Union and its
domestic policy.

do

on 4