on em)

hy s

HUM Ll ns nl led tel eb

hould th

ith most leading

@ of the peoples of
This article expla

U.S. and Western nations, new voices
}now being raised demanding that the
ed Nations be made truly representa-

tions would be made stronger if it was
ganized to become a true expression
e nations of the world.

bodies dominated by

the world.
ins why the United

death of Dag Hammars-
d, Secretary-General of
ted Nations has again
to the forefront the
Yadically re-organize
» executive agencies, in-
the Secretariat.
is the situation in the
day? The various agen-
he U.N. are today dom:
I’ by the Western powers
M particular by the U.S.
‘Well illustrated by the
n page 5 of this paper
N shows that of 1,659 pos-
n U.N. agencies the
Nn bloc have 1,280; neu-
_ st countries 288; socialist
lities, 91.
Irther study also shows
lowing:
aS ME the 33 Undersecretaries
mnted by Dag Hammars-

Neutralist and one
st. Even Switzerland,
is not in the U.N.) has
tizens — twice as many
‘Socialist world.

f the 48 U.N. Directors
Mm importance to Under
aries), the Western pow-
ave 37, Neutralist 8. Up
‘il of this year, the Social-
Mtries had only one (2

Oviet and other Socialist
*ns have been barred from

international

‘akistan, etc. Yet Switzer

Germany had one.

Tubles,
&

€rs independent of the Sec
Council or General As

Yet of late, the Secretar
fy, C@l decisions and under
ie actions without the au

_ of the Security Council
=m 1959, Dag Hammars

y

ae
th, that
ad

Tat ‘

f; 20 are from the Western

have been added since).

ipation in solving import-
problems.
_~ Were no Socialist repres-
atives on U.N\ political mis-
S sent to India and Pakis-
»0n the Truce Commission

had 9 members and even

On January 1960, there
€a total of 246 U.N. Spec-
, 'S for technical assistance
, “Nderdeveloped countries.
these, only 4 were Socialist
they did not include a sin-
°ne from the Soviet Union,
though the Soviet Fund
“Ssistance to such countries
_ 60 amounted to eight bil-

HE U.N. Charter does not
: Ve the Secretary-General
, secretariat any political

Y. Their duty is to serve
ie N+ to carry out its decis-

04 is own, has been making

Sent a ‘U.N. Mission’ to
°n his own, althought he
No legal right to do so. The
€ar he went personally
Country. again without
ony. of the Security

The “U.N. Operation” in
peo provides another ex-

€ Security Council on July
1960, instructed the Sec-
; to take the necessary
— consultation with the
ent of the Republic of
~°hgo. to furnish that Gov-

ernment with such military as-
sistance as may be necessary,”
to rid the Congo of Belgium
troops. Instead the Secretariat
gave aid to the colonialists. It
prevented the legal government
of the Congo from exercising
its powers, and instead turned
military and political power
over to puppets of the Western
powers — Mobuto, Kasavubu,
Tshombe. etc.

Also, the Secretariat decided,.
again on its own, how many
troops should be,sent to the
Congo, for how long, and from
what countries. Citizens of the
Socialist countries were barred
from this "UN Operation‘ of
Dag Hammarskjold and his
American and Belgian backers.

the Congo did great harm to
the UN. :
As can be seen, the UN is be-
ing more and more turned into
an instrument to serve the nar-
row and reactionary interests
of one group—the Western im-
perialist powers, led by the
U.S. Today it is not a truly in-
ternational organization. Its
form, activities and structure
do not conform to the real re-
lationships of forces in the
world.
What does the Soviet Union
propose? The Soviet proposals
for re-organizing the UN are
based on these clear proposi-
tions.
e The aims and purposes for
which the UN was organized
are being subverted by the
Western powers.
e The Western powers are
no longer the decisive force in
international affairs. The So-
cialist world led by USSR is
now a major force and a new
important force is the group of
neutral countries.
e The UN should be pre-
served and _ strengthened to
fulfill its function of preserv-
ing world peace.
To achieve this, the Soviet
Union proposes:
e Abolish the post of Secre-
tary-general and replace it by
three secretaries—general, rep-
resenting the three main
groups of powers — socialist,
neutral and western.
e All decisions of the secre-
taries-general and all its ac-
tions must be unanimously
taken; in other words the right
of veto should exist. This will
protect all against discrimina-
tory action.
@ Reorganize the UN agen-
cies to make them truly reflect
all geographical areas,
UN members and the three
main groupings.
Speaking at a meeting in
Moscow, October 20, 1960, N.
S. Khrushchev said.
'W: hold: that the United

Nations must be im-
proved as an international in-
strument created to prevent
another world war. For this,
first of all, it is necessary to
return to the ideas and princi-

These activities of the UN in

more

cornerstone of the United Na-
tions and its Security Council
— that is recognition of the
principle of equal conditions
for all states, particularly
those upon whom it depends
whether another world war is
to be or not to be.”
e@
The U.S. and the Western

x, oY

powers are, of course com-
pletely opposed to the propos-
als of the Soviet Union. Their
propaganda line is that such
change would render the UN
ineffective and prevent it from
making decisions. What they
really mean when they say this
is that in a reorganized UN
they will no longer have it

| en eB
: |

“And | say again,
States... pardon me...
better than us?”

who can run the United

e U.N. he reorganized?

their own way.

According to the UN char-
ter, the Secretary-general must
be named by the Security
Council, where the big powers
have the veto. To get around
this, the U.S. is resorting to
parliamentary tricks, which if
successful, would enable the
General Assembly (where it
hopes it still has a majority) to
appoint a ‘caretaker’ to replace
Dag Hammarskjold. The intent
of course is to appoint an agent
of the Western power who wild
carry on illegally and uncon-
stitutionally as did Dag Ham-
marskjold.

Prime Minister John Diefen-
baker announced September
21, 1960, that Canada flatly re-
jects the Soviet Union’s pro-
posals. Echoing U.S. objections
he said:

“Nothing controversial or
unacceptable to the .USSR
could ever be done by the Uni-
ted Nations.”

Much confusion still exists
among Canadians about the
UN; how it is constituted and
how it should operate. It is
often compared to an organiza-
tion of people in which the
ordinary majority-rule princi-
ple applies. This ._misconcep-
tion of the UN has been delib-
erately fostered by the US.
and its allies in an effort te
discredit and, if possible, de
away entirely with the vete
principle which hinders them
in their efforts to transform
the UN completely into their
willing tool. j

United Nations...

Labor’s support is required
|to bring about, reforms in the
UN that are so badly needed.

all of Berlin or only

Since all of Berlin is on the
territory of the German Demo-
cratic Republic, the govern-
ment of the GDR _ considers
that legally the entire city is
its capital and that the western
part is at present being mis-
used as a centre of cold war
against the GDR and the other
socialist countries.

However, in the interests of
peace, the GDR government
has declared its readiness to
make a big concession: it is
willing to agree that West Ber-
lin be given the status of a de-
militarized, Free City.

Thus, it is in fact ready to
renounce its rights in respect
to part of its. territory. How-
ever, this does not include any
idea that all of Berlin be in-

“What right has Russia got
to get out of Berlin?”

ples that were jaid down as thet:

—Br, Daily Worker

Rerlin—witat kind

s HAT is implied in the proposal that Berlin be made into a free city? Does it mean

West Berlin?”

a eee

cluded in such a free city
since the present eastern part
of Berlin is considered the
capital of the GDR.

* * *%

What is meant by the term,
demilitarized, free city? Here
are the proposals as outlined
by the GDR government in its
submission:

e West Berlin shall become
an independent political unit
and its internal affairs shall be
free from interference by all
states—including the two Ger-
man states.

‘e The Free City of West
Berlin shall have its own dem-
ocratic constitution and inde-
pendent legislation.

e The Free City of West
Berlin may form an economic
whole with its own budget, its
own banking system, its own
currency circulation and _ its
own tax system.

e The occupation regime in
West Berlin is to be termin-
ated.

tary bases is to be prohibited

war propaganda.

e The establishment of mili-

in West Berlin as well as every
kind of military activity and

e The espionage services in
West Berlin are to be dis-
solved, and every type of sub-
versive activity against the

GDR and other states stopped.

e Through _ appropriate
agreements, West Berlin is te
be advanced economically -in
order to give the population
the possibility of further in-
creasing their standard of liv-
ing.

e Communication routes
from the Free City of West
Berlin in all directions will be
guaranteed on the basis of
agreements with the GDR.

@ The special status of West
Berlin is to be guaranteed by
the big powers signing an
agreement and, eventually, by
the co-operation of the United
Nations.

With the carrying through
of these measures, West Berlin
would be converted from a
base of the cold war from a
“front line city” into a city of
peace.

so eS {

Such a solution of the West
Berlin problem would not only
be in the interests of the Ber-
lin population but in the inter-
ests of all peace-loving peoples
in Europe and throughout the
world. ae) Ba

“A Free City of West Ber-
lin,” wrote the British histor-
ian, Taylor, in the Sunday Ex-
press, “will increase the pros-
pects of freedom. It will dim-
inish the prospects of war.”

October 6, 1961—PACIFIC TRIBUNE—Page 7