“, he Com : : t ” muna C. Bee on i The author discusses the eee Y. Price $4.50. Availableat mathematical basis of the com- Pre’ Co-op Book Store. puter, the so-called binary or Boolean .algebra, which uses the base of two, instead of the more generally used base of ten, He shows the necessity to begin teaching the new algebraic rules in schools, he author is q recognized authority in the computer ' He is the editor of Com- * and Automation, leading ae of its kind, and has "0 Widely in technical maga- . 4S Well as for the New York Most significant aspect of the book is the chapter entitled The Social Responsibilities of Com- puter People, In December, 1958, a Committee of the Council of the Association for Computing Machinery prepared a report which was discussed and tabled for later consideration, MS book, he makes the point: ™ computers can calculate M 10 minutes than a man leulate in 50 years—even @Modern desk calculator,” ty pots are now underway to ... lasers for -computing a Which will increase this ~ another thousand-fold, Berkeley was one of the auth- ors, Here are some quotes: “We must look at ourselves as being in control of atremendously powerful tool. . .. Computers are becoming an essential part ofthe social organism itself, particu- larly its communication and con- trol system, ... “When one reflects upon the great forces that we computer people are associated with, it is no longer difficult to grasp, and perhaps to accept, our heavier- than-average share of respon- sibility. ... Present there are over500 a of application of a “TS in offices, plant and tion, banking, finance, Pe cove™mment, law, in- . Bay ceries, oil industry, thon ities, telephone, trans- * > Aeronautical engineer- Bey chemistry, civil - Mg, electrical engineer- mes, mathematics, : is Metallurgy, meteorol- Dhy ear engineering, photog- Physics and statistics. Computers installed in Canada as at March 31, 1964 \e Ncnufacturing . ibution Nance /: ‘ 4 Tr mre (including Banks, Trusts Cos., Insurance) Uri SPortation & Communications ities 22 i) cteum 32 ; sti Bureau 33 Go tutions (Universities, Schools, Hospitals) Oy ements Others TOTAL Rate of installation "956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 4 Od 1s 24a) 151. 184 58 of rote the accelerated rate of installation. For the first three months alone 58 computers were instclled, compared to 24 for all of 1960. Ca Statistics from The Computing and Data Processing Society _ » Quarterly Bulletin. | How an opera helped ! tlter a nation’s fate a, k@¢ Ball,” as any book ‘The censors got busy, and to oo, , Ut Verdi‘s operas will tell escape their interference, the ty. 4S originally called “Gustav opera was changed, shifting its Kino Shero was the Swedish scenes to the faraway and most Stina. Was assassinatedbyre- unlikely city of Boston, and ty Wy. and Nobles in 1792 because Changing its slain hero from a ‘ia, leading Sweden into an king to a governor, p e aheg With revolutionary In Naples, where the jittery king Ferdinand II halted a re- hearsal of the opera, the people held street demonstrations, This was not solely due tothe Italian’s love of opera, Political fervor played its part, too. 8rq; : “hen 3 Wrote this opera in 1858, 4 ey, still divided into ty tthe ol by tyrants, was tense An ight for unity and liber- sine dealing witha king’s Rigcre therefore bothered Ss, The name of VERDI, which they bore on their banners, was known to everyone as the initials of Vic- tor Emmanuel, Re D’Italia, or Victor Emmanuel, King of Italy, and was the symbol of the struggle for a united nation, |. "e Megs.” Songs. By Richard Rive. Ferdinand II died that year, giving place to his equally ner- vous and tyrannical son, Francis II, fp § at] yj r Olen. Offset by human insight, , a. Dalanced by understand- fe t 4 Peppered with humour ® thi Tare attributes which he 'S Collect; Us ection of tales out of , Yun of short stories, A year later, when Garibaldi landed his 1,000 men in Sicily, and from there swept on to Naples, the mask was off the Masked Demonstration, Francis II fled, and Italia was born, —Ben Levine (U.S. Worker) Bs en find these adventures ‘hit, Suth Africans - black, Oy, Be ored - a gigh point in ding experience, The RAZDAN II, a calculating machine developed by Armenian scientists in the USSR. size of computers of similar type, can replace the entire It is one-tenth the to the people. staff needed to draw up specifications for building a “What might one do to dis- charge his computer - connected social responsibilities? One positive thing would be to help develop socially desirable ap- plications, , . The solution of scientific problems relating to man’s welfare and happiness is a wide area for the application of computers,” The report quotes one cited by Dr, W, J, Pickering, Head, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Califor- nia Institute of Technology: *This is the prospect we face: the decision to destroy an enemy nation—and by inference our own —will be made by a radar set, a , telephone circuit, an electronic computer, It will be arrived at without the aid of human intelli- gence, If a human observer cries ‘Stop, let me check the calcula- tion,’ he is already too late, his launching site is destroyed, and the war is lost,” BOOKS Berkeley outlines that, because computer people are much like the locksmith—without whom it would be impossible to open the safe—they have aspecial respon- sibility to the human race, Because of this, *it will be a Man, computer: who is master? Peet Pee enncen * theenen eee railroad bridge and will pay for itself in one year. Under a planned socialist economy, such computers are a boon very long time, if ever, before Computers and Automation pub- lishes articles dealing with ‘Diffusion Calculations’ on the spreading of poison gas,” He cries out for scientists to end their “business as usual’ approach to the problems of the atomic age, He insists that “something new has been added” and pleads for amore humanistic evaluation of modern develop- ments—while there is still time, This is the heart of Berkeley’s book, And that is why hehas done mankind a great service, —Bruce Yorke. Film festival opens July 5 he Varsity Theatre is pre- senting a Film Festival in conjunction with the Vancouver International Festival, Like the VIF, theme of the film festival is French, but unlike the VIF a number of excellent National Film Board productions are also scheduled, Best among the 13 imports from France include: The Four Hundred Blows, di- rected by Francois Truffaut, Will be screened on Sunday, July 5, This first feature film by Truffaut is regarded as oneofthe cinema’s finest studies and evocations of childhood, and won for him the prize for Best Director at the 1959 Cannes festival, xe * Man Escaped, or The Wind Bloweth Where It Listeth, direct- ed by Robert Bresson, This film is closely based on the story ofa French Resistance officer’s im- prisonment and escape from a Gestapo prison in 1943, Bresson’s film, though scrupu- lously factual in detail, explores the spiritual aspect of a human being in isolation, the innate iso- lation ofevery living soul andthe particular isolation imposed by man, the deprivation of the free- - dom of mind and body, Man Es- Pe | | caped will be shown on Monday, July 6, kok Hiroshima Mon Amour, direct- ed by Alain Resnais, Slated for Monday, July 13, One of the most satisfying films of the New Wave (so-called), this film inter- mingles the past and the present as a French actress working on a pacifist film in Hiroshima meets and spends the night witha young Japanese architect, * ** Mon Oncle, directed by Jacques Tati, Friday, July 17, A comedy of a man’s battles with mech- anization, as seen through the eyes of his nephew, This film re- ceived a special prize atthe 1958 Cannes festival, Tati treats this theme in true Chaplinesque fashion, A few among the large array of choice Canadian shorts: Cattle Ranch, Monday, July 6, A robust film of the life of a cowboy, filmed in color through the seasons on the biggest cattle ranch in the Commonwealth, near Kamloops, With musical accom- paniment by Pete Seeger, The Jolifou Inn, Tuesday, July 7, Canada of ahundred years ago, seen through the paintings of Cor- nelius Krieghoff, celebrated Dutch artist and adventurer, De- picts. the changing seasons, the untamed beauty of the Quebec countryside, * * * Circle of the Sun, Wednesday, July 8, Under the big sky of Al- berta the color camera records one of the last gatherings of the Blood Indians of the Blackfoot Confederacy, Once the unchal- lenged rulers of the grasslands, the Bloods now muster less than 3,000, But more important is its re- flection of the predicament ofthe young generation—thosewho have relinquished their ties with their own people but have not yet found a firm place in a changing world, * * * The Romance of Transporta- tion, Saturday, July 11, Light- hearted whimsey about a down- to-earth subject — how this country’s vast distances and great obstacles were brought un- der control. The whole story of transportation is told, from the intrepid trail blazers of long ago to the aircraft of today and to- morrow, July 3, 1964—PACIFIC TRIBUNE—Page 9