“)

- "Institute.
- “We' re forecasting, the»:

Tax Freedom Day artive .

| uly § this year, two months

q ‘later than in, 1961.

' The six months between.
Jan: Land July 5 is how long © :
the — average. - Canadian
family must work to pay ts
taxpill, says Sally: Pipes, an
economist ‘with. ithe. Fraser

-income~ “of. Bn average.”

" > family ini 1984 Will be $28, SAB

=

+ While’ their total: taxes."—.
“ . direct and indirect — will be -

‘$14; 747 or 51,1. per cent," she
says. .
In © 196E, .
family earned $5,000, paid
$1,675 in tax, and with a 33.5-
percent tax rate,

government, Says Pipes.
Grandpa - managed to

hang on to alot more of his _
paycheque — income tax -

was first enacted. as a
“temporary” measure’ to
help pay the cost of fighting
the First World War.. But
grandpa didn’t expect city
hall to lay on daycare’

. centres, or his province to

pay for grandma’s gall:

* bladder operation, or look

forward to collecting a
federal pension when he
retired.
Our -

and so are the bills.

. Government . growth has
surged. since the Second. -
World War — reflected in-

_ spending that ‘totalled more

than 40 per cent of gross
domestic product in 1989, up
from about 24 per cent in
1947.

the . average .

only .
worked until May. 2. for.

. Rubik's
" systems. -

expectations - of
fovernment are a lot bigger.

‘ Page 14, The Herald, Tuesday, April. 1, 1983

‘Canadian taxpa )

an bie rise in ineig tan; the’
, have ‘come. new \taxes; jand |

‘steady inteases |in the. fd

standbys to cover the t b.

“And -_increasingly,...

-Governinents aré coming up.

Short, . covering: the gap ©

, between. ‘what's collected i
ot taxes, and what's spent witt

me ‘Prager: ‘Institute: ‘Says.
--fax ‘burden © on
“Canadians has “increased
530 per cent.since ‘1961 once.
» iflation is -
account: :
‘Not everyone, however,”
agrees that the tax load
really is increasing and --
international comparisons
do show -that Canadians’
burden is. light _ when
compared With many other
industrialized countries,
But measuring the burden .
is. not easy because the
complexity of. the tax
system is dismaying.
Income tax is 0 complex.
that 4. meeting of tax
experts ‘in’ = Vancouver
following the November,
1981, budget called it the
Cube of “tax

Ottawa ‘agreed and late.

-Jast year Finance Minister

Mate Lalonde asked the
Canadian Tax Fotndation
to try to unravel it.

But income’: tax only ~
accounts for about one-third
of the: taxes Governments. .

olfect.

“Most people are aware

-of the fact they pay income

“taken Into ,

tax, sales tx and propert

pas from page 9

‘Houses: invaded |

“television and Telecommunications Commission has"
blocked attempta by other networks to muscle in. Or it
could be that only the CBC,-with its federal grants, could
operate in‘’a particular unprofitable market. '

Much of the contral governments exert over people’s lives
3, not directly from’ Jaws passed by Parliament,
legislatures and town councils, but through regulations
passed by executive authority. ; a
The current fight over.metrication, for example, centres
on the authority of cablnet to bypass Parliament and enact

” regulations forcing gas stations to sell by the litre, instead

of by the gailon.

The metric regplations, which are "attached to the
Weights and Measures Act, have the force of law, although
cabinet, not Parliament, determined their wording. - ,

- Frequently, public servants are given broad- Powers to -
determine how to police such regulations.

For example, a federal Employment Department official |
in Sudbury, Ont., recently exercised his discretionary

- powers io reduce a man’s unemployment insurance

benefits because he -attended his wife's funeral and was
unavailable for work one day.

After the case received countrywide publicity,
Employment Minister Lloyd Axworthy . used. his
discretionary: powers to rescind the. decision... .

Low-profile agencies such as Ottawa's Anti-Dumping
Tribunal and Clothing and Textile Board have great-impact.
on the marketplace, often to the detriment of consumers,
says David McKendry, a regulatories specialist with the
Consumers Association of Canada.

Such agencies control the flow and price of imports,
protecting Canadian industries against comipetition from
low-cost imports. ©

Other agencies protect Canadian industries fram each
other. The Canadian Transport Commission, for example,
closely regulates air traffic, ensuring healthy airlines but
depriving consumers of:bargains such as the $99 Atlantic-
to-Pacific fares offered by carriers ine fierie competitive :

Al market.

Canada Post Corp.’s monopoly over the mails means a
ban on private. companies-that- could ‘deliver Christmas
cards to your big-city neighbors for less than 32 cents each.
.But it also means that there is: service'to areas that couldn't
support a private, profit-minded mailman and that a letter .
can be posted from St. John’s, Nfld., to Vancouver for less
than the actual cost.

‘“The™ country’ 3 law books contain many. atchaic, 19th-

century laws, especially. at the municipal Jevel, to deal with
problems that no longer exist or are no longer considered to
be a problem.

In the City of Ottawa, for example, ‘there are bylaws -

forbidding people to herd their pigs or to abandon sleighs
and carriages an downtown streets. : :
And store-keepers should beware. The Tobacco Restraint
Act still makes it illegal to sell cigarettes, chewing tobacco
and even cigarette papers to anyone ‘under the age of 16.

Humidity important.

If indoor humidity is too high-or-teo-low;-viruses and
bacteria flourish and more people are likely to get sick, .
says George Green, a professor of mechanical engineering
at the University of Saskatchewan.

He has gathered, preliminary: evidence from Saskatoon

public schools and hospitals Indicating that the higher the’
relative humidity, to a maximum of 50 per cent, the lower
the incidence of disease of the upper respiratory tract pdct
_as colds and sore throats.

At the optimum 50 per cent, Green says, illness and

_ absenteeism in susceptible groups, such as nursery and

kindergarten children, can be drarhatlcally reituced,

_ Green has carried out both laboratory and field studies
which suggest that airborne viruses and ‘bacteria have
shorter survival times in the middle range of relative
humidity.

: Green and two colleagues have just received a $50,000
grant from the American Society of Heating, Ventilating
and Air-conditioning Engineers to study the survival of both
airborne and surface micro-organisms in Saskatoon schools
and hospitals at various humidities and ventilation rates.

The researchers will alsa try to determine if absenteeism
among School children and hospital staff can be related to
changes in humidity and building ventilation.

', difference

_cent, of,

taxes,” the Fraser. institute.
‘says In a’ 1982 study, °
“Many ~~: others,

‘appropriately, regatd the:

various social - | rity.
‘levies ° like unem slo ent .
sIngurance: contribu ions and.|.

ee ‘Canada and Quebes, Pension.

“many,” taxes. of |

: Canadians, . by ‘and: large,
"are pnaware. ‘These ‘taxes -

“are built into ‘the: price.’of.
_ poods: and. gervices but are -
not identified to. the ‘final
‘consumer asa tax cost. ”

Some" ‘of the’ . “more:
“notorious hidden taxes are
on cigarettes where the tax ¢
rae averages 140 per cent

| most provinces, liquor at -

1 per cent and gasoline at

ut 60 per cent, .
° Further, those and other.
goods or services-that are
taxed. : are pald ‘for with -
what's left of your income
after direct taxes have been
deducted.

. The Fraser Institute sees:
’ the tax system as an onion,
and cutting’ through the -

_ system provides “‘its share

of tearful moments.”

The institute peels away.
the more obvious and even
some of the not-so-obvious
taxes to find, for example,
quotas on.immported clothing:
and textiles which amount
‘to taxes and adds to the:
price of a product. :

--The tax, in the case. of.
"quotas on some: imported

goods, is paid directly to ~

domestic producers. It is a
subsidy and is equal to the
between’ the
price and what the price-

. would have. been without .
- any

" quota, "says the 7
- institute. .
Canadian Tax Foundation

figures show that, as. a
‘percentage of the value of.
the country’s output, direct
and indirect taxes remained

-relatively coristant. from

1969 through 1960, although
they are up substantially
from the mid-1960s. -

In 1980, total taxes
equalled 33 per ent of gross
domestic product, dow

from 34 per cent in 1974, but
up sharply from 26 per cent
in the mid-1960s.

The Paris-based

~ Organization. for Economic __.

Co-operation - and

* Development says: that in

. 1980 combined spending by

Canadian governments
represented 40.7 per.cent of
the country’ 8 $320-billion:
GDP, :

Most of the “77-per-cent’
gap between - the share of.
GDP that went for taxes and
the . share ©
governments in 1960. was...

_closed by deficits. — a,

borrowed money that will’
eventiially have to be repaid
“from future taxes, ;

~ This. spend: now-pay-later,
plan -amounts to deferred
taxation and alters’ the
average .Canadian’s tax
burden. significantly, says
the Fraser Institute. If the
deficit for: the
government | alone . is
considered, the- average
Canadian family’s tax rate
jumps to 62 per cent from St.
per cent of income, — ~

That means Tax Freedom -

Day now is “Aug. 15, adding
‘more than a month’s work ©
that goes for taxes, says the
institute’ 3 Pipes.

Compared. with ‘many |
other | industrialized
countries the tax burden
here is light. Of the 23 major
Industrial countries - only:
eight, including the U.S, and
Japan, taxed. their . ‘people

‘less than Canada. .

Tn 1980,-total tax revenué
in the U.S, equalled 31 per
that
production, compared with
26 per cent in Japan and 33
per cent here. ~ .

Meanwhile, in Sweden-

that percentage was a high —

50 per cent and in Britain Kr]

r cent.

The figures on tax loads; -
comform ‘with
comparative .
governments as reflected in
‘spending as a share of GDP

— the U.S. and Japan on the .

low end of the scale with
smaller governments. and

less taxation, Sweden at the . _

top.
While the Fraser Institute -
criticzes the “tax

_ explosion” and lays much of
the blame on Ottawa, Allan ©
Maslove, tax specialist and —
economics professor at

realled sent Ga

: remained tee

Spent by J

federal

country’s

the,”
size of.”

Car’ ty; saya
be jeral af 4 not
sing: and in tact has
: Q “virtually;

unchanged since’ 1968,

A tua by. the Canadian ;
‘Tax: Foundation jbears out"
“Maslove’s view that Ottawa

~ has been downright. thrifty
- oompared with other levels.
“of government. It ’ showa ”
‘that federal spending, not

‘ineluding - transfer“
“ payments’. to... “other:
_ governments, rose a modest

14 per cent beteen 1947 and’

1977,
Spending’ by .

samé period, __ while

municipal spending placed.

_ Second at 104 percent.

David Perry, a research
assoclate with

progressive tax .system ‘~~

the more youearn, the more:
you pay — and rising |
, average incomes has done a -
lot to create a “perceived :

_ Greater burden. id

Further, a true, measure

“of the tax burden must also
-balance - what

increased, 30°
government

medicare, government

pension. plans,

vor

IT’S EASY”
0 CHECK,

eR oo

mail.

: details.

‘*

“However, there. may: be!

‘the’
provinces, though, . bloated .
-by.140 per cent over: the .

t the.
foundation, notes that the.
‘combination. .of 1a.

you get.
against what you pay. For...
‘example, if taxes, have .

: have °
services —..

and an

: Lats our" |

“ iniproved: unemmplp yment
insurance program. ;

“ sovernient support: for’ the :
also carts, and: the: proliferation of are. getting; their, umoniey’s: later this year, she aye meas
H 7”

But “whether. | ‘teypayers''|

ate
“il We

another. study’ planned:

ne
for:

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