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Continued from page 1

Can there be a CLEAN bomb? —

from the rest of the radioactive
broducts of the explosion —
Which go up into the stratos-
Phere as very fine dust, circu-
late round the world, and
Sradually fall back to earth
Over a period of 10-20 years.

This is also a “fall-out,” al-
though it is not usually called
this by official spokesmen. It
Should be called “world-wide”
or “long-term” fall-out.

If the term “fall-out” is re-
Stricted -to mean “local fall-
out, then it is perfectly pos-
Sible to say that the British
H-bombs produced no “fall:

out” and were _ therefore
clean.”

But all that has to be done
© make sure there is no “local
fall-out” is to explode the
bomb high enough above the
Carth’s surface.

The “dirtiest” bomb ever
€xploded would not produce
any “local fall-out” in such
“ircumstances. But it would
Contribute its full quota of
Tadioactive poisons to the up-
Per atmosphere, and from
there to the “world-wide fall-
Out.” in the years following
the explosion.

«he only real meaning of a
clean” bomb — “the only
Meaning not meant to deceive
People—is a bomb which does
Not produce any radioactive

‘Ust as a result of the explo-
Slon, e
. it is not possible to make a
Clean” atom. bomb, because
he force of the
Comes from “fission” of the
Nucleus of uranium or pluton-
‘um. The two nearly equal
Parts into which the nucleus
Splits — the “fission products”
are radioactive.

or is it possible to make

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explosion -

atom bombs much — smaller
than .those dropped on Japan,
and, therefore, the radioactiv-
ity produced by even a so-
called ‘‘tactical” atom bomb
cannot be much less than at
Hiroshima.
The H-bomb

“fusion” process,

reaction, or
however,

does not have a radio-active

end product, and so a pure
“fusion” bomb would really
be a “clean” bomb.

But the only way so far,
however, to set off an H-bomb
explosion is. to “detonate” it
with an atom bomb.

So every H-bomb must have
an atom bomb inside it to act
as a detonator. Therefore ev-
ery H-bomb explosion must
produce at. least. as_ much
radioactive dust as an atom
bomb. But it need not produce
much more.

It was because the Bikini
bomb produced so much more
radio-activity — something
like 500 times that of an atom
bomb — that scientists who
were not “in the know” ede-
duced that a further reaction
was being used.

It is now known that such
bombs. are  ‘‘three-deckers”
having the atom bomb deton-
ator, the hydrogen material
round that, and finally_a thick
casing of ordinary uranium.

The hydrogen reaction is
able to split the atoms of or-
dinary uranium, and this outer
casing is then responsible for
the greater part of the explo-
sion.

It is also responsible for the
equivalent amount of -radio-
active poisons, and any such
bomb is many times “dirtier”
than an atom bomb (some 500
times as “dirty”? in the case
of the Bikini bomb). _ .

It is clearly possible to make
an H-bomb which is nearly
“clean” simply by using mgre
hydrogen material instead of
the uranium casing — 95 per-
cent “clean’ has already been
claimed. This means one-twen-
tieth as “dirty” as the Bikini
bomb or “only” equivalent to
25 atom bombs in radioactive

poisoning! ‘
However, the materials used
for such “clean” bombs are

difficult to. make, and there-
fore very expensive.
For a given expenditure of

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effort it will always be pos-
sible to make more “dirty”
H-bombs than “clean” ones.

As long as the present mad-
ness afflicts the world each
side will tend to make “dirty”
bombs, because it suspects the
other side of doing the same
and must keep up.

Any new nations coming into
the Gadarene stampede will
certainly make “dirty” bombs
in an effort to overcome their
late start.

Finally, it will not make
much difference to those who
die whether the smoking ruins
of our cities are accompanied
by ,a radioactive polution of
our countryside, denying life
even to those few who escape
the explosiéns.

Those who escape death
might be thankful for the les-
ser pollution of the world’s at-
mosphere, but when we get to
such considerations we are
dealing only with degrees of
madness.

What we need is sanity.

Communists win
Argentine case

BUENOS AIRES
The Communist Party of
Argentina won a major legal
victory last week when the
Argentine Electoral Board,
preparing for the Argentine
general election on July 28,
approved the list of Commun-
ist candidates for election to
the Constituent Assembly.

Hitherto the Communist
party has been treated by the
present regime as at best only
a semi-legal party and has
often been dealt with as though
it were completely illegal.

Recently an Argentine court
declared that Communist party
candidates could not stand’ for
election to the assembly. But
the party has appealed against
this ruling and its appeal still
has to. be heard by the Argen-
tine Court of Appeal.

If that court upholds the
decision of the lower court the
electoral board may be forced
to alter its present decision,
but it ‘is expected that the
court of appeal will support
the board in its stand against
discrimination against Com-
munists.

Social-Democrats hit

U.S. bases in Japan

TOKYO
The Japanese Social-Demo-
cratic party has decided to
launch a series of five nation-
wide “people’s movements” in-
cluding one against U.S. mili-
tary bases, according to. an
announcement made here.
The other four demands are:
return of Okinawa to Japan,
protection .of the Japanese
constitution; more trade with
China; and opposition to nu-
clear weapons.
The party is calling for a
special Diet session to discuss
these problems.

By ALAN WINNINGTON

PEKING
China’s vast northwest pro-
vince of Sinkiang will open up
two and a-half million acres
of virgin land for cotton in
the next féw years.
Announcing this at the Na-
tional People’s Congress in ses-
sion here, Saifudin, chairman

China plans boost
in fisheries take

of the autonomous region, said
that this area needed more
tractors and other agricultural
machinery.

It was also nnounced that
China, already the third big-
gest fishing nation, intends to
increase its production enorm-

ously, using more powered
boats, processing plants and
refrigerators.

Nehru says Soviets
seek peace, stability

LONDON

Asked to comment on changes in the Soviet government,
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru of India said here last week
that “every country that has gone through a major revolution
gradually goes back to-what might be called normality.”

- Having gone through tremendously difficult and disturbing

Socialist gain
say Yugoslavs

LONDON

The Yugoslav news agency
Tanjug. said last week that
the new decisions of the Soviet
Communist party will mean a
strengthening of the socialist
forces of the world “and a
further major victory of the
cause of. peace and coopera-
tion between the nations.”

It said the changes could be
viewed both from the Soviet
position and the international
position.

Of the first it wrote: “The
first impression is that the
changes which have been made
will inevitably contribute to
the intensification of positive
development in every field

of social and economic life.

in the USSR.”

This meant, at the same time,
it added, “that it will contrib-
ute to the quicker develop-
ment and strengthing of the
socialist forces in the Soviet
Union.”

The Polish paper Trybuna
Luda noted that-not all the
leaders of the Soviet Com-
munist party “proved capable
of giving up forms of thinking
and methods repudiated by the
20th Congress.

“The leaders mentioned in
the resolution were closely as-
sociated with a certain epoch,
with certain methods of action
and ways of political thinking
and proved incapable of such
change,” it added.

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July “12, 1957 — PACIFIC TRIBUNE—PAGE 3

times since the revolution, the
Soviet people wanted stability
and above all a peaceful life,
Nehru told a’ big press confer
ence at India House. ,

What was taking place in
the Soviet Union was part of
a process which had begun be-
fore the death of Stalin and
had been accelerated by his
death.

Speaking about ‘the Soviet
people in general, he compar-
ed them in their qualities and
characteristics with the Ameri-
cans.

They were, he said, second
only to the Americans as tech-
nically minded people, and

were great readers of what we
call serious books such as the
great novels of the West.

“Don't you think you've had
enough lemonade?"
STETSON,

G.W.G., STAN-

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