-whnn ‘and during my stay there, owing

a
4

THE OMINECA HERALD, NEW

Continued from lat week:

SIDE. AND BACK ROAD
SETTLERS

Mr.. Spenker, as much as I dislike
admitting it, yet I am daily becoming
lore convinced that we are develop-
ing in‘ this province a forgotten tyne
of citizen, Lo refer to the settler au
the side and back ronds whe ig en-
deavouring to develop in ‘an agricul-
tural way the resources of the prov-
ince. Our whole. effort seems fo be
tirected towards building and ¢on-
stricting, linproving ind paving roads
for the tourist to the exclusion of this
rliss of settler which ig doing so much
to mntke permanent development with-
in onr province, “These side roads have
heen neglected Jaw for so long that
hey are in conditions that. are abso-
hitely disgraceful, and dangerous to
the settler, tu ax mmch as he cannot
travel over them in safety, let alone
contort, In endeavouring to assist thi
Iype of settler we invarinbly meet with
the response that~-we-tayve no money;
We cannot improve these roads or keep
them up toa rensonable standard.

[ can appreciate the fact that the

Honourable Minister of Public Works |*¢medial measures, Dry land is. un-

is doing all within duis powver to meet
this situation but, like the Egyptians
af ok, he cannot
aut straw.” He ginngt. Build roads
without money, yeb ‘neither can we
afford to allow pioneer — settlers or
this province to be farce’ off, the land
hy virtne of the fact that he cannot
#ef remedial xetion tor his transport-~
aéion problenis It lns=heen said’ that
in the savings banks of the province
there is more money today. on deposit
than there hus eve" Ween” before in
the history of the country 4 These de-
posits are drawing’ interest-dt the rate
of two per cent. We are, told that the
money markets of the avorld are not
Xero as receptive for provinetal bonds
vl capital account as what they should
be to profitably. use them.-T should
lke to suggest to the Honourable Min-
ister of Finance thal ais a means of
financing the maintenance, repair and
upkeep on these side and -buck roads
that he places in thé hiinds of govern-
ent agents throughout the province
den bonds in fifty-dolar denoin-
inations and multiples ‘pf «fifty dollars
bowing interest at the rate of three
Der cent, und 1 belfeve that he vweuld
Mid within this province, hindreds of
smill favestors who: would! purchase
these bonds in response to his offer,
aud while they would be demand bonds
it is unreasonable to suppose’ that @e-
aitnd for vedemption of all these bonds.
wed be made it one time, and in or-
der to guarantee funds to be available
for theiy redemption,. 1: would stigzest
that the gasoline road fax, or a por-
(on of it, which was originally intend-
ed and earmarked for the construction
and miuintenance of reads, but which
eventually. found its sivay inte, the. con-
xolidated revenue fulid, be. edrmarked
und set aside for the purpose of which
it was originally intended, vis, rend
work. In this was.we oul us pil of
such borrowed money for taking care
al the settlers who ‘ure now so sadly
avglected.; While’ I am prepared to
admit that the tourist industry in this
province, Ig both desirable and protit-
alle yet there is ng, Ruyragtee .of per-
Innncy about it, Without: the: aasist-
auce of the pioneer who rolls back the
Inap of, our frontiers, we ‘cannot hope

to make or create any permanent -pro-| |

gress, The interest sate of three per
cont on such bonds would be attractive
to the investor und. the cireulation of
them through ‘the government agents
would gnarantee one: hundred cents on
the dollar to the’ guyernment for every
bond so sold or issued, less.the cost of
advertising, Jand-I"aih satiatied that
there would be a generous response in
the interests of the development ‘of: re-
mote sections of the province. —
eee A ALPE ee Tae sae %
RIVERS AND. LAKES - Soe

In closing, Mr. Speaker, there is one
other matter ‘which. Twould | Like - to
bring to the attention of this assembly,
which may:seém-rather, remote ‘and far.
fetched, but for which some provision
must he made, orf we ‘shall. flnd’ our-
selves in the .unfortunate position of
some of our neighboring provinces. rye
Some 28,.years: ago I was. camping
beside the Battle river in Saskatche-

I leserts ‘and productive areas in Cana-
“make , brieks with-;da today may be snmmed up in the one

ee

ney

to the depth and swiftness of the river
T witnessed the drowning ‘éf* ‘several
men who were, endeavoring to: cross it’
in a boat. Today I-am infornied that
sane :Tiver and at the ‘same’ point, one
hiady cross ou foot by wading; and the

grass jis showing through what: little -

Water, is left therein.”.In other parts
throughout .the province! of:) Saskat-
chewan, sloughs and" sinall Inkes have
dried ap entirely,-and: wells that’ have '
served'for Jong periods have gone dry.
Soil drifts over the prairies like sand’
ol zt desert, and through Jack of water |
the prairie: provinces are turning into
deserts. This condition was brought
about in part hy the denuding of the
Shull timber and bush that once aTew ;
around the rivers, sloughs and lakes, !
{The watersheds have been destroyed
PHnd now the people are paying. for the:
;tolly. In British Columbia today it is
noticeable that many of our glaciers
aare’ receding, that water in some of
jour lakes is lowering to new levels in
norm] times, Jakes of fifty years ago
pare now dry. We too,.may .be the
Victims of our own folly by not taking

‘

2

productive land, the difference between

word “water.” Any ageney which re-
tards the escape of water by evapora-
tion inte the gir, or by run-off, or by
secpaze, back to the great reservoirs
in the rivers and lakes, preserves the
soil moisture, soil fertility, and local
water supplies so necessary to houman
life. ; ve

Jam informed thet through experi-
incuts conducted in Bavarin ‘it’ was
shown that even in the case of expos-
ed svater surfaces: the evaporation loss
ix 1% to 2% thnes greater in non-for-
sted areas. than it is from = similar
hodies of water within the confines of
nt. forest. Specifie experiments showed
ay annual evaporation of 23.53 inches
from exposed water surfaces in the
open, wun.8.01 inches from similar
water surfaces in the forest, Tn ex-
hosed locations, snow melting chiefly
from the surface. sometimes pusses ne:
der the action of the sun and wind and
Hasses almost entirely into the ate by
evaporation, Under forest cover — it
basses, Frant the pint of situration of.
the soll, alimest cntirel: into — the
gtoumd. ‘In additien fo this, a much
seonter proportion of evapuroned, water
and lowes from teruspiution, are re-
iwred to the enrth theough the form
of dew in the forest thi is the case
over less well covered Te

In the matter of ihe yrintive anownt
of preettation over forested and iun-
forested areas, if has. been definitely |-
established that the furisty have a ma-
terial inftnence. Records taken in the
cose of nw phuitation 5,000 acres of for-
ext in Southern Russia showed 23.9
per cent higher precipitation; over the

forest than in the open adjacent to the
Experiments in Prnssia exten- {-
ding over n-period. of 10 years disclos- [+

forest.

ed precipitation over forests ta be
erenter thin that over adjacent open
country bya large margin, and espaci-

eS ee

peal.

t- range administered ynder grazing roquias

our water sheds, yet time undoubtedly
“WH coiie when we shall reap the re-
sultsof our folly by not reasonably |
Protecting the water ‘sheds which: we
have in many. instances denuded; al-
ready river courses and lake hive been
denuded. from the timber which natur-
ally stood around them. ’“1' ‘wwould
strongly. urge that we seriously consid:
er the ‘matter of reforestation around
our Inkes and ‘rivers which have al-
ready been denuded. Through the last
year we have. witnessed..unprecidented
floods, particularly on the Skeena river
the like of which we have no record of
for the past 100 years.. It may be
owing to the denuding of the water
sheds that the run-off last spring was
occasioned by just such an instance as
T have stated, and I. believe that the
time is now ripe to look into. this mat-
ter with a view to preserving our reg-
thir water courses to supply posterity,
This could well ‘and profitably wa un-
dertaken by aur youth forestry camps
during the summer months, :

Tn many cases the drying 1p of likes
is attributed to the destruction of
beaver dams: if such be the case then
the gume department should close such
uveas ‘to the trapping of .beaver. until
such tine as our natural reservoirs are
restored. .

weeny’

t

: " ed .
5 mamara af VS: .
‘Synopsis of Land A
Oynapsis of-tand Act
2 PRET oN

“V7 ACANT.'. unreserved, - surveyed, Crown:
‘YY. lands, may. be pre-sinpted: by ‘British
Subjects, over. 1B “yearg. Of, aze, cand. by ,-
‘aliens on ‘declaring “intention . ta. became
British. subjects, conditional ‘upon ‘resi«
denice, occupation ahd ‘improvement. .

“Pull tnformation concerning “Pre-emp~
tions is-given in Bullatin- No, 1... band
Serics, ‘‘How.to Pre-empt Land," copies of
which can te obtained free of ‘sharge by
addressing tha. Department. af Lands, Vice
toria, D.C. Birsay of Proyinsat tyfarmae
tlon, Vieterta.- or any Government: Agent,

Records will. oe Branied cavering oniy
land  anitndle for aerteniéural purposes,
within reasonabte distaiice of. road, school:
and marhcting facilities “and. which fa not
timberland, ie. carrying. vier. 5,040 board
feet per: acre east’ af the C-.9t Paned and
4,010 feet-per vere west of that Range...
‘Abplications far pre-emations are to be
addressed to the Land Cemmissfoner- of
the Lend Reecrding Division im which. the
land ‘applied fer. is sttnated on printed |
forma obtained trom’ the-“Commissioner.
-Pre-emptions must-“ne. accupied for {lye
years and Improvements macte to value of
$10 per-aecre. including clenting and culti-
vating. atleast five eres, before a-Crown
Grant. cnn be Feoelved oe ay a

Pre-amptians carrying’ part-time condis ~
tions of ocoupsation are also granted. ‘

PURCHASE. OK LEASE

‘

Applications ere tecoived for, purchasa :
of vacant ond tmreserved Crown lands
not being timberland, for agricuttiurad:
purposes, Minimum orice af first-class .
(arable) land in'-$5 ‘per acre, And second. |
class iprazing: fond, $2.60 per acre. |
Further. information 16 givon in. Bulletin
10, Land Series, “Purchase and Lease

No. J
of Crawy Lands" |

As & :pertinl-cehef mensure; reverted _
lands may be acquired .by purchase {n.ten
equal ‘instalments, with the ‘first’ paymant
suspended: for two yedrs, provided: toes ;
are paid whan due and Improyements are -
‘ made during the first two” vearr ¢f ‘nob
lesa than: 10% of the appraised value. :

MIR, . factory ‘or. - industrial sites on
timber land, net exceeding. 40. ares, may
be’ purchnsed' or tensed. -the : conditions
including -pasmént of. stumpage,  “.- ae
'  -Unsurveyet . areas; not. ‘exegeding 20
egres, may be leased as homesites, condi ..
tional “pon a dwelling bein erected int
the ‘first. gear, : title: being obtained after
residence and improvement *eonditlons are
fultilied and Jand: has been survey

For -erszing and: -tndustria)  purnoses
acai. not,” excebding,. 649. acres: may: he
Yenged by, one Person, oF a company, ee

‘Onder ‘the Giozing ace’ the’ Province’ 13
divided. inte! grazie - districts! and’ the

tious amended from time te time’ to mect

i ;
nigel tne, a
‘0 maint . “ a
inte run-off fr ate oo: ra = 4 race oe an ae &
contrary, flnd, _ a, 7 ; oe - oe : : : e “y ‘e 2 a ; ees oF

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