een ee eee _ A . eee

: MANAGUA Nicaragua (AP) _ Decades Jot poverly and

ppression are exploding in Central America, stirringfears -

, of greater foreign intervention and escalating conflicts,

“the Soviet Uniori and Cuba ‘and that a leftist.tide could affect: =
- Mexico,” 'U:S..-access: ta; the Panama. Canal, ‘and: } even. ;

‘LAS civil ‘wat: in its’ fourth: year is - intensifying in’ EL ;

America’s g conflicts 5 say.the violence i is being encouraged by:

~ American shipping through the Caribbean.”

Critics ‘Gf. Washington’s ‘Central ' American policy) say.
"there are ‘disturbing parallels fo the ‘Vietnam War — that, .
"the United States, in the name of anti-Soviet containment, Js.
- risking, deep and difficult involvement. in what are
essentially iocal problems. _

Geographically, Central America extends from Mexico’ §:

southern border to the Colombian border in-South America,

taking i in Panama and English-speaking-Belize. ;
“But traditionally, Cehtrat America: has- comprised the |

five countries — Guatemala, ; Honduras, El Salvador,

- Nicaragua and Costa Rica — that gained ‘Independence

from Spain in i821 and formed a federation that broke up in

1838. .

- Following is a capsule look. at..the. conflicts in Central

“America: :

- Humberto - Romero, . “and ° establisht

ent, But; leftists, seeking.

elections Jater. this year, - :

. Five guerrilla ‘ groups allled in ‘th -Farat
National Liberation Front show increasing : sl
’ battlefield; and their campaign of economic sabotage ‘hips

a caused ani ‘estimated $400 million in damage’ in a, yeats of

war.

a " President Reagan has sought to. increase U: & military

‘assistance fivefold this year, to $196.3 million, and asked for
$86 million for fiscal 1984, starting Oct; 1. But: Congressional
committees have slashed these requests, and. the ‘tsauie. i is
_ Still under debate, as are proposals for $260 | million i in hon:
military aid’ over’ the next two. ‘years, . ‘

Afier a year- Jong civil war that cost 0,000: ve, the

aye - oe
ili EY | Somoza dyiiesty wat top ppl

_ . close ties with Cub a th
"1." offaidin January, 1981. The Redgan administration allege:
oy that the.” Nicaraguans * funnel '. -arms fo°.the Salvadoran
suerrillas ‘Ba ‘altegatipn government denies.

ent by .
the > assem ‘has - announced Plans, for presidential

July. 19, 1970. : “
- The leftist Sandinista amoverjent' -BYadually- ‘nissumned.|

j ,” more power in the: postwar. ‘révolutionaky’ letidership. The,

government, stone by a three-meniber. fanta déveloped..-

and the Soviet: Union, aii S.cut :

ar ot on two, biekauae —

~The en estimates tha. nitmber at eur :
“5,000. in the. north and 2,000 in: the south...

The: ‘Honduran’ ‘and. Nicaraguan ' governents regularly”
accuse each’ other of. ‘violating their’ mutual border... —
Anti-Sandinista insurgents have used Hondurad as a base’
for their attacks, and the: ‘Nicaraguan: ‘government claims —
the U.S, “supported . Honduran military... ‘supporls the.

Nicaraguan rebels, an allegation denied by Hohdurag;_,

- “Honduras has: a constitutionally: elected, ‘right-leaning.
government. The- election “of, President. ‘Roberto’ Suazo: .
Cordova last year returned Honduras’ to civillan rule after®
more than a dozen years of military g Sovernment. BAT THE.

.-MILITARY, UNDER. CHIEF OF: STAFF Oen.-Gustapo —

“Alvaro Martinez, retains the strongest voice i in “Hondaran’
affairs: 7

Although the country remains relatively peaceful; small
leftist groups have carried out ‘hilackings: and bombings

ae

dupplying

ya 1a President tuts Pen five ‘wary of the violence

BB. Cc. forest industries thrown, new. lifeline -

VAN COuVER (CP)
After swimming in rivers of

- red. ink’ for the last two

oe

‘She says

years,. British: Columbia

forest’ product companies

have beén’ thrown . a

financial lifeline,

’ The: increase «in, U.S. .

residential construction and ..

subsequent demand for
British Columbia lumber
means industry giants can
take a breather and weaker
companies will have enough .
cash to: keep: from going
under. °

But Dennis ‘Mawhinney,
vice- “president of Widman

. Buccour.

Management Ltd., says the

’ rise in. U.S, housing starts‘

provides only temporary
““We depend on
world markets and they are
not robust right now."
Mawhinney, who recently
completed a report.on the
Slate of. the B.C. forest
industry, said between 40°
and 50 per cent of lumber in.
the U.S. is used in housing.
The rest is for projects

. Closely tied to the state of ,

‘the economy, ‘auch “a

“factory”

construction, containers .

ector: Even in bad years,

B.C. exports at least 50. per
cent.of its lumber south.
‘Mawhinney says ~
forest industry is by nature
cyclical, with peaks lasting

' three’ to 3%, ‘years and
troughs lasting 1% years, ,

But the Jast slump, from’
which the industry now is.
emerging, was prolonged by -
the international . recession
and, lasted more than three.
years,

“Since they. doubled the ©
downside in the last cycle, I

would. hope this time the :

upside would be : doubled,
but I wouldn't hang my hat

‘the

on a

The upturn: will ‘allow
forest producers to tend.to
their’ earnings stateoents
and, * eventually, :
balance sheets... .. “«..

“Many camipanies: ‘lost“a ‘a
_ Rood deal of equily, Thisis a
very, .
industry. and. companies

" need ‘consistent earnings to-
keep up: ‘Their: ability to:

_ modernize has been hurt.
What they need now is a
catch-up ‘period.""

He said. housing’ is
generally a
industry in the U:S.,. much

‘their

capital-intensive :

bellwether .

like auto manufacturing. As
housing picks up, - other
industries will follow. . In
B.C. this means- an
increased © demand | for.
lumber will he followed by -
spulp, paper, newsprint and’
speciality lumber, all of:
which still languish,
Companies. .

predominantely in. lumber -
“such as- Doman’ Industries
Ltd., Whonnock ; Industries '
Lid. and . Weldwood of .

~ Canada Ltd. have watched

their- ‘earnings jump Along
with housing starts.
. However,

MacMillan .

Bioedel, 'B. C. Forest

- Products and other large,
-britegrated companies. are |

still bearing’ the. brunt of
weak ~." demand -
* newspririt, pulp and paper
‘and plywood, ° a

° Mawhinny’ and Leinwand

‘say that despite the upturn,

_ the financial statements ol.
 BAC.: forest ‘companies will:
Slight
‘improvement in 1983. This _

Show “only”

year's earnings will go

“toward. interest * coverage

and any surplus will be used

to lighten long- -term debt,

Ottawa strenghtens medicare against provinces

vi TAWA
Provincial .

(CP)
governments

“may find themselves with
‘ little reom to negotiate once

the federal government
finishes work on its draft of

. anew Canada Health Act to

_ Bovern ‘medicare, ‘ Health
Minister Monique Begin
said Wednesday.

~ “It’s not easy to negotiate
on basic principles,” she
said in an interview. ”
“So maybe there's room
“0 negotiate on , certain
specific user fees that could ©

be acrepted and why, or on

penalties or what-not, or on |
a date of implementation of
the act.-That I don’t inow. I
suppose it's open.”

Begin has ‘long been at
odds with most of her
provincial - counterparts -

-becauseofher strong stands ©

against extra billing. by
doctors and hospital user
fees — two practices which:~
threaten . the ~
principle “of universal
“access to health care.

And the . Canadian.
Medical Association has
repeatedly’ warned the
minister will try to get her
views othrough Parliament
over the objections of the

Beef

* ready, . When

provinces many
doctors. aay
. Government lawyers.

‘have been working on the
“new medicare legislation
for many weeks, but a draft
bill is not yet ready - for
‘cabinet consideration.

Begin said it's difficult to -

say when the ‘draft will be.
it will: be
approved by cabinet. and
when talks with the
provirices on its provisions

Will start..

One ‘option is .to hold -
meelings this summer and -

to table the legislation in |

Pariiament ‘ sometime
before Oct..1. That's the
dhte Alberta plans :
introduce a new schedule of
‘hospital user fees Begin has
criticized strongly.

Asked about -her specific
timetable, Begin replied:

“Thisis still open because
the —. Alberta: - Situation
coming into force on Oct. 1°
would force ‘me to use too

‘big a-stitk’ — the .one -

already in the legislation —
So one of the options will be

to bring in a new Canada

Health Act before, in order

to act under at. least ‘
something tabled.”’

Chuck Steak

Bone-in

| Canada-Grade A

$2°4/8 1?

FRESH

Corn Gob

From California

No.1

Grade

4 $1.00

. Legislation already on the
books would require Ottawa
to withhold all medicare
funds if it decides the
province isn't living up to its
obligations to provide

" health-care coverage that is

accessible to everyone, .

Begin said withholding $1
of federal funds for every $1 —
.of user ‘fees collected by
hospitals .is one possibility
to be presented to cabinet. .
_ “Penalties will always be
in the act, and there are
Several graduations of’.
penalty being studied — and °
concepts of penalties being
studied: —° that wil be
- offered to cabinet. ..””

_ or nursing homes.

~ She was even less specific -

about her plans for. getting
vid of extra . billing hy
doctors. She has talked in
recent months of an outright.
ban: ‘on the practice...

' Asked —
whether penalties for user

fees .might .also’. he. ‘oe

‘against extra billing, she she

said they would appl: y. tor _
we

“extra. charges: that
think threaten the system. "

Alberta; British Columbia

and Newsoundland are the
only three provinies that
now levy ‘user. fees - for

hospital care other than ©

extended care in hospitals

Announcement

{AN WALKER, DENTAL MECHANIC is
pleased to announce the opening of his

practice in the ALMARLIN BUJLDING

effective June

14,

at 321% Eby St.,

Terrace, B.C. Telephone 638-8290.

‘Wednesday. - .

Numerous exemptions
are to be provided under the
Plan and total charges

aren’t,to exceed $150.a year |
for single people or $300 as

year for families.

‘for’

“dnteranitiently over the tast three years

Reagan’ ‘administration ‘officials say Hondures
bécorie? a-prime - target . for-: Cuban inspired
‘hubtersion and has incressed military aid, .

The givernment has complained. frequent’ to Nic :
‘territorlal: “violations, alleging’ at Sandinista. Bold)
letain- Costa. Ricans - “travelling ‘the. San : dua Rly

‘-Pastora’s.D Democratic: Revoluifonary.Al anc : :
ita headquarters in San Jose, the Costa Rican caplt tal; but it:
keeps: alow’ profile. However Nicaragua says the alliance.’

“spreading ‘elsewhere. in’ ‘peentral. America, | ‘reiterated . 7
April. that ‘hig. coutfy will stay , “actively. ‘neutral forever oo
‘and will: not™ allow its: tettitory to be used Tor “attacks, on _

"+ Nicaragua... Ps :

Tht m ary governrient of President Efrain Rios Monit
/ Beeks to’ ‘portray, Guatemala’s problems asunrelated to:t the
violéncd. ‘among its: Central American neighbors, © "7:
"At, least: four leftist guerrilla groups, totalling perhaps
- "6,000 ‘members, operate~.in’ Guatemala, mostly in the:
“ northwestern highlands populated by Indians, who make ‘up

the. majority of the Guatemialan people. .  ” v

BrigsGen.' Rios Montt came to power after a coup in”

“March, 1982, toppled another military president, Fernando’.

- Romeo Lucas Garcia, whose government.was accused of!

widespread corruption and flagrant human rights abuses

The new president promised to reir in those abuses, Bu

murders aiid kidnappings — some linked to the ‘military’ 8

~ anti- insurgency. campaign — are still reported.
A government program organizing civilians into defence

, ‘ squads throughout rural Guatemala: ‘apparently | has helped

reduce the scale of the insurgency. But clashes still take

place regularly, mostly i in the northwest and Bouthweat, /

"Rios Mont announied’ a new amnesty program in March

‘and lifted the restrictive state of siege in effect since July 1,”

" 1962, He also promised free elections, but they. have not
' been. scheduled yet. my

“The: administration of former president Jimmy ‘Carter
cut off military assistance to Guatemala in 1977 in a dispute
over human rigats conditions attached to the aid. The |

: Reagan: administration” is ‘considering a resumption of *
military. aid. :

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