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CORPORATION OP THE CITY OF PORT COIIUITLAM

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RECREATION COFlkIITTEE

meeting of the Parks & Recreation Committee was held in the Parks
Recreation Director's Office Tuesday, August 22, 1989 at 3 130 p.m
In attendance were. Aldezman John Keryluk. and Alderman George Laki.ng.
Also in attendance was K. Janna Taylol:, Parks & Recreation Director.
Item No. 1
PoCo Figure Skating Club
The committee re'viewed the attached report from the

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Recommendation:

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That the recommendation outlined in the report be
approved; and that the Parks & Recreati.on Dizector
also write a letter thanking them for their

contribution,

Poco Figure Skating Club

Item No. 2

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The attached report was reviewed by

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That the report be received for information.

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Item 31

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the attached letter and
information on the peace mile. It was generally
agreed that the concept was good. The committee at
thi.s time, was not prepared to disctss details until
Council had an opportunity to discuss the concept.
The committee reviewed

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SRI Chinmoy Peace Mile

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Recommendation

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Recommendation:

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That the committee accepts in principle the concept
of the peace mile and that this matter should go to
Council for further discussion.

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Nature Reserve

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Earlier this year we had a request from a resident

about the removal of some trees in the nature
reserve. Due to the nature of the By-law for t'e
"Reserve" a consultant was retained for appraisal
and recommendation of the problem.
Attached to this agenda is the consultants report
and a report from the Parks Superintendent.
There are a few alternatives that are available to
committee.
1. Do nothing with the zequest.
2.

Put the 413,000 in the 1990 Provisional Budget.

3.

That the work be done this year and the request
for 3'13,000 be sent to the Admf.nistration
Committee.

Recommendation:
That this item be held over until tits next committee
meeting.
Park Property Behf.nd Catholic Church.
Alderman Keryluk brought to the attention of the
Committee the "mess" behind the Catholic Church on
city property. There is a large amount of cement
debris and other garbage that needs to be cleaned up.

Item 54

Recommendation:
That thf.s matter be brought to the attention of the
Public Works Committee for discussion aud action.
ADJOURNMENT:

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meeting adjourned at 4:30 p.m

J!~ei/yluk,

airman

ann ~ Taylor, Secre t 'y

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rks & Recreation Director

ecreation Manager
SKATINS CLUB — DONATION

re Skating Club be sent a letter of
Port Coquitlam regazding thei.r
towazds the purchase of a new
The cheque foz $ 15,500 be credited to the Parks and
Recreation Equipment Reserve Account.

Puzpose/Problem:

This report has been prepared to provide information and a
recommendation for consideration by the Parks and Recreation
Committee regarding handling of money received from the Port
Coquitlam Figure Skating Club.

Discussion/Justification:
Several months ago„ the Port Coquitlam Figure Skating Club approached
the Parks and Recreation Department regarding potential projects that
they might be able to get involved with. At that time, we were
desperately searching for a way to replace an interest in helping out
with this project.

AUG 2 2 1989

This kind of cooperation from community organizations is extremely
valuable, and will become more valuable as the recreation environment
becomes more complex and the number of demands being placed on the
annual budget continues to increase. It is hoped that this kind of
cooperation will also continue to grow over the next several years.

".-"."

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Larry J.g'Wh cler,
Recreati'do Manager

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THE CORPORATION OF THE

CITY OF PORT COQUITLAM

1989 08 15
TO I

K. Janna Taylor, Parks and Recreation Director

FROM:

Larry J. Wheeler, Recreation Manager

SUBJECT:

Cooperation Received From Port Coquitlam Figure Skating
Club and Port Coquitlam Minor Hockey Associate.on

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Recommendation!
is recommended that this report be accepted as information only.

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Purpose/Problem:
The purpose of this report is to „rovide infozmation to the Parks and
Recreation Committee regarding the excellent cooperation we received
from the Port Coquitlam Figure Skating Club and the Port Coquitlam

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Minor Hockey Association.

Discussion4

As you are aware, we were concerned that if the Junior B Lacrosse
season continued too late into August, we may have had a conflict
with starting the installation of ice in the new arena for the

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previously scheduled hockey schools.

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Without getting into the particulars, Bev Irvine and myself met with
representatives of both organizations to discuss this challenge and
the possible alternatives. Both representatives had lots of
questions and we discussed various possible alternatives. The
meeting was concluded with both representatives agreeing that they
would do whatever &t took to accommodate tne needs of the Junior B
Lacrosse team. They wanted to show that all three programs could be
successfully run in the summer months.

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a matter of interest, this committment could have involved
re-scheduling hundreds of participants, anrd shifting slot of the
program to non-prime time (early mornings, late nights) and
weekends. None of this would have been an easy task.
As

Although, none ot these concerns materialized, a wonderful "spirit of
cooperation" was displayed by these two organizations and 1 wanted to
ensure that it was duly noted by yourself and the members of the
Parks and Recreation Committee.

Report Wr/Cer
Larry J. 0".acier
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8529 HUDSON STREET,

VANCOUVER

B.C.p

VGP 4M3

(604) 266-8509

Augrist 8th, /989

Dear rlloyor Traboulay,

I am writing to ask for your kind support in establishing a Sri Chinmrry Peace

T/tis Peace z'li/e would be a precisely measured one mile
in
a town park area, street or walking trail dedicated to
runningj/ogging course
reminder of the need for world peace, this Peace Mi/e
dynamic
world peace. As a
citizens to actively promote not only their own
Port
Coquitlam
~ould be a way for
but also better relations and brotherhood
fitness,
sense of well-being through physical
world.
the
cozrntries
of
among all peoples and
trvli/e in Port Coqriitlam.

This link betiveen sports and ivorld unity — similar in spirit to the concept of
the Olympics -- reii'he imagination of the Greater London Counc:1, ivhich in 1985
set up the first Sri Chinmny Peace rifi/e on the River Tlzames across from
Parliament. As a poignant reminder of tlze needs for international brotherhood and
zinderstnnding, a second Peace I1/ri/e ivas established in kVest Berlin directly iiz tlze
shadow oj the Berlin kVa//. Peace rrrliles have also been established in Sircltholm,
Zzirich, Geneva, and several other cities. Eight Pence Miles have been established
in Pzterto Rico and twenty one in the United States. In Canada, there are Peace
trrli/es in Victoria, Halifar, Sudbziry ZVinnipeg and Dieppe.

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Sri Chinmoy also folloivs his own philosophy of self-transcendence. He is well
knoivn and respected as a pro/iJic azitlzor, poet, composer, and inosr receiztly as a
weightlifter. FIe has won tire admiration and respect of a diverse group of leaders
and nrganizations, szich as:

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Sii Clrinmoy has dedicated his life to physical fitness and the quest for ivorld
peace. Through sports and a multitude of humanitarian activities, Sri Chinrrroy /ras
inspired countless thousands to bring out the best in tnenzselves, The Sri Chinmoy
/IIarathon Team, founded in 1976, annually sponsors over 500 races world wide-ranging from thirteen-/rundred mile ultramarathons to two-mile fior runs. In 1987
the marathon zeam sponsored a 27,000 mile, 55 nation relay for peace. In 1989,
the relay renched 73 nations covering a distance of 3/,000 miles.

our Prime Minister Brian rVlzt/ronev, Olympic Gold rlleda/ist Carl Lewis,
Presideizt of tlze AAU Plzysique Committee Cliff Sawyer, Alii/rnmmad Ali,

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AUG 2 2 1989
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Clarence Clemons, Leonard Bernstein, Zubin tliehta, Karen Kain and many
otliers;
The Secreta&y-Generals and Ambassadors at the United Aations, where he has
been condiicting twice weekly Peace tlleditations for world peace since l970 for
delegates and staff;
o

Members of the United States Congress, where monthly Peace z1vreditations are

held;

The President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, which has twice
commended Sri Ch nmoy for his contribritions to sports;
The Governor of Puerto Rico who in l986 declared Sri Chinmoy an official
Ambassador of Peace;
A Sri Chinmoy Peace Alile dedicated to the Olympic spirit and the cairse of
world peace would be an inspiration to people of'll ages.

I will be phoning your office to follow lip on the Peace rVile.
you kind consideration.

Thank you for

Sincerely yours,

Prasannata Runkel
Project Coordinator

tjUG tt 2 !989

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tf'/HAT IS THE SRI CHINMQY PEACE MILE?

number of Sri Chinmoy Peace Miles have been established around the
world encourage physical fitness and promote the cause of world peace. They
are one- mile running courses or walking trails dedicated to the ideal of better
relations among peoples and countries.
They bring a new spirit of
international understanding to the communities where they are located and
serve as a reminder of the common bond all peoples share in their desire (or
global harmony.
A

This linkage between sports and peace — similar in spirit to the concept of the
Olympics — fired the imagination of the Greater London Council, which set the
first Sri Chinmoy Peace Mile along the River Thames across from Parliament
in 1985. The second peace mile was established directly in the shadow of the
Berlin Wall — a poignant reminder of the need to work for international
understanding. Other Sri Chinmoy Peace Miles have been set up throughout
North America, Europe and Australia. On November 20, 1986 the first
Canadian Sri Chinmoy Peace Mile was inauguarated in Victoria, B.C. Other
Canadian Peace Miles include Winnipeg, Sudbury, Halifax and Dieppe. In July
1986, the first American Sri Chinmoy Peace Mile was inaugurated in New
Milford, Conneticut aiong the Hudson river. Other Peace Miles have been
inaugurated in England, Australia, New Zealand, Washington State, etc.

These running courses are named after the man who has dedicated his life
to sports and the effort for world peace. His Sri Chinmoy Marathon Team,
founded in 1976, annually sponsors some 500 races — ranging from 1,300 mile
ultramarathons to two-mile fun runs. Through sports and other activities, Sri
Chinmoy has inspired countless people to bring out the best in themselves
and has won the admiration of world-class athletes, such as Karen Kain, Carl
Lewis, Donny Lalonde, Steve Scott and Egerton Marcus. Sri Chinmoy is
highly respected at the United Nations, where he has been conducting
meditations for world peace for the past 17 years. He also established the
regular Peace Meditation at the U.S. Congress in Washington, D.C.

(g
AUG

2 Z 198g

THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF PORT COQUITEAM

Janna Taylor, Parks and Recreation Director,
Prom : Bram Hoogendoorn, Pks Supt
Date : Aug 11, 19B9
Re
: RecoImendations 1122 Juniper Ave
To

:

The forest edge behind this duplex is very close to property line.
Back yards further down the street are not so shaded , because they benefit.
frcm the openess frcm surrounding yards, and also the woods are cleared

further back.
Zn order to solve Mrs Davis problem, it has been reccmmended
that an area of 25 meters will be selective thinned.
As this duplex is located in a corner of 2 streets
, it is necessary to
carry on with above mentioned operation to the west. of the duplex also.
Clearing and clean-up are almost impossible at this point, because there
is no access to the side and rear unless a small trail is allowed
to be build in frcm Hickory Street
And with a trail, we open up the possibility for intruders to
enter all of the
properties undetected.
Timing of a project of above nature is also important.

If done ir. the wet season, a trail probably has to be dug and covered with

gravel or hogfuel , in order that vehicles can travel to the back
Zf done before end of September, we probably don't need to
go this route.
It is eccential that dead material already there, and trees to be cut down,
are hauled out, as it looks pretty bad already now.
Estimated cost ,not taking in account purchase of hogfuel, etc.

Labour $ 9672
Equipment $ 314B, Total $ 12820
The cost of a professional tree faller will be offset
by the sale of
valuable trees, that have to ccme down.

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I am writing to you in reference to a growing problem we'e experiencing..

I'e +alked with many on the subject and I'e been referred to you,
mern)

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live at 1122 Juniper Avenue in Port Ccquitlam (Lincoln Park Addition) .
We are surrounded by the weeds, and I mean the trees are growing right up
against my cedar fence, practically "engulfing" our property. There is no
sunshine whatsoever on our proper+y or the neighIxirs. Even in the intense
su«mer months we get nothing. Our yard everywhere is always mist, damp, and
slinmy. Because of the height and thickness of the trees it's very dark and
moss covered. It's ruining my property and home because it's always wet and

.

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noes c"vered.

I have mold and mildew growing on my ceilings and walls along the back

of my home inside. I wash them and inside of two weeks it's back again.
„,'".'ainting does not gocd either because we'e tried. Even when it's hot.in
,:&:.'s"'!.:
the su«s&er, it's very cold and wet on our end of the street.,Our yard in
Ij,".'~i;!I='' back is collapsing in areas where there's landscaping.
Ny cedar fence is
(kl"'&t""'otting and falling apart because it's always wet and damp. We feel if the
sun could shine back there it woulo dry the ground and everywhere else up,

4«'.."

aren't asking for the trees to be cut down. We would like them
tcmxad,or&trinn&ed so the sun can get through. We feel this will save us a
soney on repairing the damages in the long run. &4any trees back there
are:rotten
and dead. It's not a pretty sight because people have been
tH«:- -.,
dumping their, trash back there also.
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ere. And we really don't feel it's too healthy to have children playing
ere there's fungus.
talked with the neighbors and they feel the same as
"
do. Please contact me on this matter, as it's very important to us that
axnething is done. Thank you for your time and consideration.

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~s. Earen Davis
464-9394

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landscape management

Marine Drive, West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V7W 2P4 (604) 926-6268

Mr.

A.B. Hoogendorn

Parks and Facilities Superintendent
City of Port Coquitlam
2253 Leigh Square
Port Coquitlam, B. C.

V3C

June 30, 1989

P.O No. 31632

Invoice I000104

3B8

PORT COQUITLAM NATURE RESERVE
FOREST EDGE — RESIDENTIAL INFLUENCE ASSESSMENT

Dear Mr. Hoogendoorn,
I have enclosed ray report in fulfillment of my agreement
with you to undertake the analysis of fori:st. management
needs along the eastern edge of the NaturI. Reserve.
The specif ic problem that you wished to h&.ve assessed was
the influence of the forest on residential enjoyment, Isamely

light influences, and on safety.

options for, and addressed the
implications of. providing for satisfactory levels of
sunlight to nearby residenc s while maintaining or enhancing
the essential characteristics ot the natural area.
As the general appreciation for the forest edge is high in
its present condition, only a limited program of enhancement
for sunlight conditions is anticipated. More trees will
require removal if other residents express similar concerns.
Detailed assessment for edge management on a broader srale
was deferred as the result of our discussion June 30,
pending agreement on management strategies by the City of
Port Coquitlam and local residents alike.
I will be pleased to accompany you to the site to discuss
more fully the recommendations for the initial project.
I have provided management

Yours very

Ken

Fair

truly,

rst,

R

P

F.

Urbanforest Consultants Ltd.

AUG 2 I 1989

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a urban forestry
a arbcriCulture

s landscaoe management

~4956 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V7W 2P4 l604) 926-6266
June 30, 1989
P.O No. 31632
Invoice1000104

Accounts Payable
Parks and Recreation
City of Port Coquitlam
2253 Leigh Square
Port Coquitlam, B.C.
V3C 3B8

INVOICE
PORT COQUITLAM NATURE RESERVE

FOREST EDGE — RESIDENTIAL INFLUENCE ASSESSMENT

For Professional Services Rendered:

Field Assessment
Discussions with 3 Households
Report Preparation
Future Field Review with A.B. Hoogendoorn
$ 1875.00
Five days 6 $ 375.00 per day
DisbursementsI
57.95
Photocopying, Photographic Processing
14.00
Report Delivery via Courier
$ 71.95
Total Disbursements
$ 1946.95

per Kenneth B. Fairhurst. R.P.F.

AUG

22 1989

I

urbanforeat eonaIIltante

PORT COQUITLAM NATURE RESERVE
FOREST EDGE — RESIDENTIAL INFLUENCE ASSESSMENT

Prepared for
Port Coquitlam Parks and Recreation
by

Kenneth B. Fairhurst, R.P.F.

Urbanforest Consultants Ltd.
June, 1989
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
I,

1.0 INTRODVCTION
2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT

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3.0 ANALYSIS OF CONDITIONS
AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TREATMENT

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3.1 Hazard Trees
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3.2 Shade Conditions
3.3 Forest Amenity and Public Security

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Initial Project for Reduction of

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Shade Depth and Duration

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Sun Angle Charts and Graphs

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3.

Photographic Record

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APPENDICES

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- IMMARY OF CONDITIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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RESIDENT INFORMATION AND PARTICIPATION

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the Nature Reserve when

it was set aside was

for the protection of habitat (great blue heron), to
provide
a breathing space amidst intensive residential
development,
and for the passive use and enjoyment of the
public. The
Nature Reserve offers a natural backdrop, solitude,
trails,
a creek, birds ano animal life. Overall, it
provides a
unique visual and recreational experience for residents
bordering the Reserve and for others in the community.
The forest

in the Reserve is a young, second-growth, mixed
stand which established following logging and land clearing
earlier this century. The forest is generally in good

health.

understory is in a state of decline that has resulted
from an overly dense forest stand, reducing the
overall
vigour and healthful appearance of the forest.
The

The manacement objective has been,

for the most part, to
maintain a "hands-off", nature-directed woodland preserve.
The productivity of the forest site has provided
for dense
forest growth and a tangle of undergrowth with fairly
restricted physical and visual accessibility. Trail grading
has provided several access corridors, though little else
has occurred in the forest stand.

forest at the perimeter of the Reserve has been modified
as the result of residential development. The straight,
unnatural edge condition influences the stability and
vitality of the forest itself. and the safety and enjoyment
of adjacent residents.
The

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2. 0 PROBLEM STATEMENT

influence of the forest at the residential
interface presents a need for more intensive management of
that portion of the Nature Reserve. The current study was
undertaken along the eastern edge of the Nature Reserve in
response to a resident's request to the Parks and Facilities
Superintendent, Mr. A.B. Hoogendoorn, to address the
following concerns:
The condition and

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safety from falling trees,
nearly perpetual shade conditions from the forest,
and personal security from the limiteo ability to
monitor human activities within in the dense forest.

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the result of initial discussions with Mr. Hoogendoorn,
the visual and recreational qualities of the forest edge

As

became were addit'onal considerations

to be investigated.

This report assesses the general problems and offers
opportunities for their resolution. Detailed field
assessment and implementation of management requirements
would follow confirmation of the level of management intent
and adoption of appropriate management strategies by the
City of Port Coquitlam.

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initial project is described in Appendix 1, having the

objective of resolving the concerns of a particular resident
within the context of necessary management of the Nature

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3. 0 ANALYSIS OF CONDITIONS
AND RECOMNENDATIONS FOR TREATMENT

forest edge which
directly influences residential properties on the eastern
side of the Nature Reserve, namely properties on Lombardy,
Juniper and Hickory Streets.

The zone of principle study was the

The concerns and opportunities described in the problem
statement were examined during field v'sits and discussions
with several adjacent residents durin: he month of June.

At the outset of the study

it was identified that the

variety of concerns respecting the forest edge were
interrelated. Actions to control o- improve one factor could
benefit or detract from another. While the factors and
options for their management are discussed separately in
this section, final management decisions require a
comprehensive understanding of those relationships.
3.1 Hazard Trees

In 1983 a consultant was requested to provide a plan for the
control of hazard trees along the eastern edge of the
reserve. The recommendations from that study were for the
topping of 45 trees and the removal of 35 trees, most of
which was carried out in the subsequent year.

consists primarily of shallow rooted
redcedars, western hemlock, and scattered pines. Although
the stand is is good health, the pines are in decline, and
the suppressed understory is dying out.
The forest edge

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zone of risk exists along the perimeter of the Nature
Reserve, approximately one tree height in width from
adjacent properties (a width of 25 metres, approximately).
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Although the prevailing winds are from the southwest, storm
events can focus on the northeast edges and concentrate at
the enclosed corners such as at the corner of Juniper and
Hickory Streets.

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Detailed risk assessment was not a specific objective of the
current study, having been the objective of the earlier
study. Windthrow along the edge has been stabilized by the

earlier management efforts.

Some risk potential will

continue as trees grow older and larger, and storm events
restructure the forest edge.
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'ecommendations for Treatment

—

Hazard Tress

Risk-free status for the forest edge can only be achieved by
removal of large trees which are within a tree height
distance from dwellings (i.e. within 20 to 30 metres). One
hundred per cent risk elimination could require the removal
of dozens of trees along the perimeter.
the aesthetic enjoyment afforded by the forest edge
expressed by all residents spoken to during the study
exceeds the perceived risk, and most likely the real risk,
full control through elimination of all trees capable of
reaching dwellings is considered neither a desirable nor a
necessary action.
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Manageable risk status can be achieved by removal of
obvious risk trees which display poor health or form, have
disturbed or raised roots, or which lean towards dwellings.
The control of risk trees along the eastern edge of the
Nature Reserve was conducted in 1983.

This management strategy requires periodic a.ssessment of
stand condition, approximately in five to ten year
intervals, and response to unpredicted changes in risk tree
status brought to the Park Superintendent's attention by

residents.

The tree topping program, also initiated in 1983, provided a
less drastic form of control of tree hazards. This form of
arboriculture should be used sparingly as
causes the
growth of multiple leaders and side-leaders which are
weaker. Exposed tops can allow the introduction of decay
producing organisms, Topped trees and the resulting new
growth forms are also less attractive, and unnatural,

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particularly in a Nature Reserve.

Suppressed understory trees will continue to die out and
fall. Though these smaller trees present less hazard to
property or safety, they have caused damage to fences, and
contribute to the tangle of undergrowth which limits
physical and visual access into the forest.

3.2

Shade Conditions

orientation and proximity of residential lots to the
forest edge, and the variation in heights, density, and
species composition of that. forest edge, result in a highly
varied influence on individual residences and entire blocks
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the properties from the forest.

similar influence of the forest edge occurs in the
Ambleside Close area though street ends along the east and
western edges increase the sunshine potential.
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The accompanying solar charts and graphs were used to
determine the length of shadows created by the forest. The
sun angles at noon standard time on June 21 (the highest
angle of the year) and on December 21 (the lowest angle)

were examined.

The graph reveals that at the sun's highest point, 12 metres
of shade is created by a 30 metre tree, and 8 metres shade
from a 20 metre tree, both of which are common along the

forest edge. This depth of shade represents all or the

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majority of'he standard depth of rear yards along the
northeastern edge of the Reserve.

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The sun angle is lower
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at all other times of the day
resulting in greater depths of shade when the forest edge
intervenes .
In winter (December ?I), the lowest sun angle is recorded.
The same trees create 70 metres and 48 metres of shade
respectively when the sun is at its highest at noon during
that time of the year.

to the north of the reserve are influenced
year round by the deep shade from the forest edge, as
evidenced by photographs taken June 25 with the sun at its
highest. Photographs from residences along the eastern edge
reveal full sunshine in that same time period.
Some properties

While the solar charts are useful to determine the shade

effects of the forest through the year, one resident living
against a northeast corner of the forest edge has provided
an interpr etation of the impact of that shade on the
property, structure, and personal enjoyment as "dark, cold,
vet, and s l.imy". The property in question is virtually in
per petual shade from the trees to the south and to the west.
forested quality of the Nature Reserve preceded
residential construction and re-sale of houses over the
years. Its presence would likely have been seen as an asset
and possibly a deciding factor for property purchasers.
The

forested character of the Nature Reserve is of great
appeal to all residents talked to during the study,
including those with the greatest shade problem. Despite the
appeals of the natural setting, there exists an expectation
for attaining some direct sunlight, in backyards and within
houses. As trees continue to grow in height at approximately
0.5m per year, the depth of shade will also increase.
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In response to the shading influence of the forest, some
tree clearing and topping, with and without approval of the
parks Superintendent, has occurred. The 1983 tree topping
and clearing program has also increased the amount of direct
sunshine reaching some residences.
Recommendations for Treatment.

—

Shade Conditions

The overall management strategy should ensure that the
essential character of the forest is maintained as a primary
objective. However, it should also be able to recognize and

control, within the limits of natural character, the
non-desirable, non-beneficial influences on adjacent human
habitats
along the eastern perimeter of the Nature
Reserve was identified as having an influence on the amount
of sunlight received in adjacent properties. This is the
same zone (representing an average tree height) described in
the risk tree section of this study.
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25 metre zone

The outer edge (the first 12 metres) of this zone contains
the majority of he trees which could potentially be a risk
to adjacent properties if any should fall. It also is the
vzsual edge which creates the forested character of the

neighbourhood.
Due to the height of the forest. along the edge,

this zone is

responsible for the greatest intervention of direct sunlight
throughout the year, including the summertime, depending on
orientation and proximity of residences.

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The remaining 13 metres completes the rear portion of the
25 metre interface zone. This zone is rarely used, rarely
seen, but by its tree heights and density, has an influence
on sunlight, particularly in seasons and times during the
day with low sun angles.
The flatness of the topography of the nature reserve limits

the effectiveness of selective opening up of the stand in
the outer zone only. Management of both zones may be
required though with different strategies.
Through selective thinning of outer edge trees, the result
would be a feathered or undulating forest edge of smaller
windfirm trees and tree groups, together with windfirm
larger specimen trees.

With consideration of tree position and sun-angles,
selective removal could enable intermittant sunlight to
reach residential properties during a longer period of the
day and year than occurs presently.

Stand density could be reduced in the outer band, increasing
towards the inner edge, which would then become the primary
forest edge. Trees in the outer zone should have 10 to 20
metre spacing, selecting the trees of best form,
windfirmness, quality and colour (e.g. redcedar is preferred
over hemlock for its gentler growth habit and visual

character).

Spacing would be closer in stands of smaller trees although
some thinning is desirable to reduce ompetition and allow
for the healthier growth of individual trees.,

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The remaining 13 metres completes the rear portion of the
25 metre interface zone. This zone is rarely used, rarely
tree heights and density, has an influence
seen, but by
on sunlight, particularly in seasons and times during the
day with low sun angles.

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the nature reserve limits
the effectiveness of selective opening up of the stanld in
the outer zone only. Management of both zones may be
required though with different strategies.
The flatness of the topography of

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Through selective thinning of outer edge trees, the result
would be a feathered or undulating forest edge of smaller

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larger specimen trees.

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With consideration of tree position and sun-angles,

selective removal could enable intermittant sunlight to
reach residential properties during a longer period of the
day and year than occurs presently.
Stand density could be reduced in the outer hand, increasing
towards the inner edge, which would then become the primary
forest edge. Trees in the outer zone should have 10 to 20
metre spacing, selecting the trees of best form,

windfirmness, quality and colour (e.g. redcedar is preferred
over hemlock for its gentler growth habit and visual

character).
Spacing would be closer in stands of smaller trees altlaough

is desirable to reduce competition and allow
for the healthier growth of individual trees.
some thinning

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Signif icant tree clumps, ground cover and healthy mid-story
vegetation should be retained where possible. Suppressed mid
story trees showing obvious stress and decline should be
removed at the time of thinning operations.
inner zone will require appraisal of condition,
selecting only those trees for removal which arould be a
serious interference to the effectiveness of outer zone
management (i.e. still creating full shade).

The

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Tree topping is an alternative that can be effective in
allowing more sunshine through to adjacent residences. This
practice is not recommended as the standard means of control
of the height of the forest edge of the Nature Reserve as it
creates an unnatural appearance, generates a weakened growth
habit and allows for entrance of decay producing organisms.

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properties have large trees within their boundaries
which increase the depth or duration of shade. These trees,
may eliminate any benefit of adjacent tree
removal within the Nature Reserve and should be considered
in the overall plan.
Some

Through-the-stand lighting and viewing can be accomplished
with branch pruning and crown thinning. This procedure is
more time consuming and
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its effects will be shorter lived

than selective tree removal, as branch growth will tend to
fill in the spaces that pruning created.

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arborists to minimize disturbance to soils and remaining
vegetation and to ensure that trees to be retained are
healthy and not suppressed.

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Natural brushing-in will introduce salmonberry and other
species in the shrub layer, and will also limit physical
access which could cause undesirable compaction of forest
soils. In-fill with deciduous species such as vine maple
will afford variety and colour, as well as winter

daylighting.
Conif'erous forest species will grow rapidly and will present
future management concerns. A mix of smaller deciduous trees
such as vine maples will control the height and variety in
the forest buffer.

If more control is desired for the final composition, a
reforestation program could be instituted. The prevalence of
brush would require hand cleanino until seedlings grow above
the brush competition.
log value of the second growth timber in a large
operation could subsidize the co ts of selective clearing,
cleanup and rehabilitation. However, limited access, small
tree size, the limited number of trees in need of removal,
and the sensitivity of the Reserve to public concern

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suggests there will be no recoverable economic value.

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sizeable material should be bucked into short lengths
for removal by residents for use as firewood.

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and burned in areas a safe distance from houses and
remaining trees. Cleanup and rehabilitation requires only a
minimum of effort as the natural forest species and brush
species will quickly invade.

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3.3 Forest Amenity and Public Security
Visual and physical access is restricted by underbrush, dead
and down trees, and by the general density and darkness of
the forest stand. Garden debris piles further restrict
access and add to the unkempt appearance. The dense forest
reportedly also affords cover to some undesirable human
activities, including theft of property.
Recommendations for Treatment — Amenity and Security

Visual access provides for enhanced enjoyment of the forest.
Sight lines can be created through the selective removal of

trees, branches, understory vegetation, and downed trees.
This p ocedure will benefit the amount of light reaching
adjacent residences. Visual access into the forest and
reduction in the density of ground cover also will increase
property security (and the perception of security) day and
night.

Recreational access should be limited along the forest edge
to maintain privacy in the hack yards of adjacent
residences.
Clearing of underbrush and downed debris can enhance
informal walking experience witnout the need of trail
construction. Formal trail construction should fit the
management strategy for the Nature Reserve overall.

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RESIDENT INFORMATION AND PARTICIPATION

Forest management of t'e buffer zone can result in short
term deterioration of aesthetic quality. Even limited tree
felling operations will cause noise disturbance and a degree
of misunderstanding. Protective concern can be expected to
be expressed by the public.

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Recommendations — Resident Information and Participation
The program to manage the edge effect of the Nature Reserve
should be preceded by an information/involvement program.

perimeter zone management of the Nature
Reserve, its purposes and
the recommended courses of action requires resident information
and participation in the development of the plan.

The concept of

to the Nature Reserve forest edge should reflect
established priorities for control of risk trees, excessive
shade, residential security and recreational amenity, and be
based on public input. Consensus may be difficult to
achieve. Dispute resolution should give priority to those
most directly impacted.

Any changes

While a management program may open the door for requests
and complaints regarding buffer strip management, a clear
set of guidelines will limit the ad hoc approach such as is
be
now occurring. Site-specific decisions should ultimately
the responsibility of the Parks and Facilities

Superintendent.

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Nature Reserve brochure could be prepared for the dual
purpose of providing information on the residential buffer
strip management project, and to further awareness, use and
appreciation of the Reserve. The brochure would build on the
concept of the Reserve as an entity with an important
purpose, not as abandoned or undeveloped "bush" available
for dumping ano unplanned tree removal.
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periodic stand maintenance regimen is recommended to guide
enhancement and restoration of natural conditions, to
protect against hazardous conditions, to improve amenity
values and foster respect and appreciation for the Nature
Reserve

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program of selective thinning, topping, pruning and
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Specific operations should be tied to a comprehensive
management strategy and plan to ensure that any alteration
is necessary, that wishes of individuals are respected, yet
the benefits accrue to common good of the neighbourhood and
to the Nature Reserve.

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is the unnatural result of land

clearing a decade or so ago. Windthrow and breakage can and
do occur in storm events as the edge stabilizes. To bring
the forest edge into a more natural, durable, and less shade
producing configuration, where such conditions are severe,
feathering of the forest edge is recommended.

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SUMMARY OF CONDITIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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Development and enhancement of protective appreciation by

nearby residents for the forest will assist in preventing
and forwarning of any deterioration of the biophysical and
aesthetic qualities of the Reserve.

Limited enhancement of recreational and visual accessibility
is required to improve the feeling of personal security and
afford increased useability and enjoyment of the Nature
Reserve.

Resident information and review of the purposes and plans
for edge management are necessary for the success of the
program.

general information brochure will enhance knowledge and
use of the Nature Reserve while providing understanding
about necessary management processes.

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Operations should be carried out with care to limit damage
to adjacent trees and the forest site. Clearing practices
should be mindful of the final visual result and the
physical quality of the trees retained.

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APPENDICES

1.

Initial Project For Reduction oZ
Shade Depth and Duration

2.

Sun Angle Charts and Graphs

3.

Photographic Record

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APPENDIX

1

INITIAL PROJECT FOR REDUCTION OF SHADE DEPTH AND DURATION

Juniper Street Forest Edge
immediate program of limited selective tree removal
should be initiated for those few residences severely
impacted by shade from the forest edge over long periods of

An

the day.

forest edge requiring manipulatior for shade effect is
at the rear of houses on Juniper Street, with the greatest
influence being on the corner houses nearest the
intersection with Hickory Street.

The

limited selective clearing program is recommended at that
corner to relieve that near perpetual shade experienced as
the result of the proximity of dense, tall forest growth.

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Some clearing has
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occurred to the rear of 1104 Juniper that

already provides a significant improvement in available
sunlight to that residence and to adjacent residences.

Houses further east are least influenced and receive more
early morning sun.

interaction of sun angles with tree height and proximity
to residences could require the removal of dozens of trees
up to 25 metres from the fence line if the objective was to
achieve sunlight throughout the year .
The

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initial action to remove a minimum of four trees
directly behind the rear fence at 1122 Juniper would be
considered to be a satisfactory improvement to those
residents.
An

Cleanup of dead and down debris is recommended at the time
of the operation to improve the visual appearance, and
visual and physical access.

Thinning of dense groups of suppressed understory trees
would also be advised at that time to improve the overall
health of the stand, visibility, and light penetration.

Pruning of dead branches will improve visual appearance.

Consideration might be given to pruning of live branches of
those trees retained in the foreground but which create
dense shade.
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The two trees within the property at 1122 Juniper will

li);ely be felled by the residents.

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Debris should be piled and burned at a safe time of year .

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The proximity and density of forest growth along the western
edge of 1124 Juniper would suggest some manipulation of that
edge will be necessary, and would also benefit residents at
1122 Juniper.

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contact was made with the resident to discuss the
situation. A gap in the trees in the south allows sunlight
to reach the house for a short mid-day period.
No

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APPENDIX

2

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SUN ANGLES BY TIME OF DAY AND YEAR

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DEPTII OF SHADE BY TREE HEIGHT AND SUN ANGLE
ON THE

21st DAY OF EACH HONTH

12 O'lock NOON STANDARD TIME

Depth of Shadow
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