——-

Ready for man in space

says §

By MARK FRANK

oviet scientist

Pacific Tribune Correspondent
MOSCOW—AIl instruments, equipment and spaceships necessary for putting a
man into space are now ready, leading Soviet rocket expert Yevgeny Fyodoroy de-

clared last week.

_The new “korabel-sputnik”
(literally ‘“ship-satellite”’) latest
Russian word in astronautical
science, is the first of a series
of test flights prior to actual
launching of a man into space.

The flight of the new giant
Sputnik is expected to go down
in the history of astronautics
as one of the last stages before
mans entry into the universe.

In a short 21% years since
sending up the first sputnik, a
host of problems in the most
. diverse fields of science have

been solved, said Fyodorov in

a Pravda article. These were:

‘A large and heavy spaceship
to hold intricate equipment in-
“cluding apparatus for oxygen
‘régeneration. Maintenance ofa
8iven temperature and for
handling of foods under con-

' ditions of weightlessness.

_. Then the problem of carry-

ing equipment for reliable two-

Way communication with the
€arth as well as other func-

tions had to be solved.

‘Finally, the space traveller
had to be protected from the
Strain of orbitting, landing and
injurious effects of — cosmic
:Yadiation.

‘Says Fyodorov: The first
trial flight of an actual ship
containing all this is now un-
derway.

He draws attention to the
great weight of the new sput-
nik — over 4 tons — as a
remarkable tribute to _ the
power and perfection of the
rocket train that put it into!
orbit.

He- also, stresses the basic
element—the space traveller’s
cabin. z

While the official reports say
the cabin is.designed to burn
up on return to earth, in this
case Fyodorov points out that
this very cabin is actually de-
signed for return.

“To achieve this it should
separate from the spaceship at
the right time and follow a
given flight trajectory to land.
It is very important to test the
devices designed for the cabins
separation.”

One of the most striking
things said by the top scient-
ist in connection with the
flight is that today’s skies
mirror two different polices
of two different worlds—that
of capitalism, using the skies
for aerial espionage or launch-
ing sputniks which gather data
which they conceal from the
world; and that of socialism,
which has used its sputniks
and luniks to obtain data for
manned flights — a key task
of the whole of world science.

“This task is already being
solved. Its realization is feas-
ible and is near,” said Fyodo-
rov.

The United States has
launched 19 satellites of the
earth.

The largest of them, which
reached its polar orbit, weigh-
ed only 1,700 Ibs. The attempt
to orbit a two-ton sputnik has
failed.

“These facts illustrate the
great lag U.S. rocketery suffers
in its competition with Soviet
astronautics.

Soviet science appears to be
working along two main lines
in probing the universe:

First, to send up complex
automatic vehicles such as the
lunik that did the photography
of the moon’s surface to be fol-
lowed by other machines that
will land on the moon and
planets radioing back the first
information ever to come from
these celestial bodies in this
manner! :

Secondly, manned flight at
heights at which the present
hew sputnik is now travelling

Photo shows a U.S. jet plane

being serviced at an air base

in Turkey by U.S. servicemen. This is one of hundreds of
US. bases circling the Soviet Union. It was from Turkey

that the U-2 flight over the

Soviet Union was launched.

—200 oto 230 miles—with the
safe return of human occu-
pants.

Dogs have already been up
as high as 300 miles high and
safely returned to earth.

These tests lasted only 15 to
20 minutes but Laika in Sput-
nik No. 2, orbiting the earth
in very primitive equipment
relative to that now in flight,
lived ag full week.

There is no intention of con-
ducting such an experiment
with man, hence the present
series of: exhaustive tests to
rule out mishaps and ensure
safe flights for man.

Forum speakers |
debate automation

Automation was introduced
for-no other reason than-to in-
crease profits and that trade
unions should- not wait until
layoffs but should take action
since the government is not in-

terested in the question.

This was the statement. of
IWA research director Joe
Miyasawa at a forum on auto-
mation sponsored by the Van-
couver Labor Council Wednées-
day, May 18.

Earlier Miyasawa said that
whereas the total Canadian
working force had increased
by 25 percent in the last ten
years there had been a 20 per-
cent decrease in the work force
in the forest industry.  ~
_ Another speaker, Prof: W.
Richmond, head of UBC en-
gineering’ départment; told the
audience that automation had
not arrived* in -Canada and
therefore was not one ofthe
factors inthe unéniployment.
situation. :

' Where it had «started, such:
as the telephone industry had:

not as yet resulted in layoffs,
he said.

democratic house-cleaning in

4imined to pursue the cold war

LABOR

FRONT

By WILLIAM KASHTAN
One of the many resolutions referred to the executive
council by the Canadian Labor Congress convention was
the one on international affairs. Z

This resolution, let it be said,
had only a ramy resemblance
to those sent in by union locals
throughout the country.

I have attended many such
conventions, but this is the
first one to my knowledge that
had so many resolutions call-
ing for peace.

There were 56 resolutions in
the resolutions book and all of
them dealt with various aspects
of the problem of peaceful co-
existence.

Five of them called for ex-
changes of trade union delega-
tions between our country and
the Soviet Union.

The overwhelming majority
called for total world disarma-
ment, cessation of the tests and
opposition to the Bomarc
missile bases and the establish-
ment of nuclear weapons on!
Canadian soil.

A number called for a peace-
time economy and the utiliza-
tion of funds for schools, hos-|
pitals, low cost homes.

Others called for recognition
and trade with China.

One resolution called for a
Canadian policy of neutrality
and still another demanded a

Western Germany.

Not one resolution demanded
a continuation of the cold war.
Not one demanded increased
military spending.

On the contrary, all the res-
Olutions in one way or another
demanded an effective policy
of peaceful coexistence and in-
sisted on an independent Cana-
dian foreign policy. mi

These resolutions reflected
the real sentiments of the ma-
jority of trade  unionisis
throughout the country,

One would not know this
however, from the substitute
resolution — brought in by the
international affairs commit-
tee.

It was compelled to make
some concessions to the world-
wide desire for peace and dis-
armament, but interwoven all
through the resolution were
all the discredited policies of
John Foster Dulles, including
the demand for the liberation
of the so-called “captive” na-
tions. :
Nary a word was said about
the emergence of Nazism and
anti-Semitism in Western Ger-
many. Nor was anything said
about the revolutionary
struggle of the South Korean
people against Syngman Rhee;
and his government.

- If anything. this resolution
in many respects continued the’
cold war line of the U.S. State
Department. President Meany
of the AFL-CIO, who is deter-

at all costs, will be pleased
with many of its features.

It is a shameful documeni.
It is made even more shame-
ful by the fact that the commii-
tee which drafted it is com-
posed in the main of CCFers,
including no less a personage
than Stanley Knowles. :

Left-wing CCFers might ask
themselves the question: Has _
the CCF two lines of policy—
one for the CCF as such; the
other for members of the CCF
in the trade union movement?

Or is this the policy of the
CCF?

There is no question but tha
this particular resolution repre-
sents right-wing CCF policy
and the sooner it is thrown .
overboard the better it will be
for peace.

Had the -resolution been put
before the delegates it would
have been warmly debated and
perhaps referred back for re-
drafing as many other resolu-’
tions were. Perhaps this is why
it never saw the light of day.
on the convention floor.

Now the executive council
may feel free to adopt it as the -
policy. of congress even
though it runs contrary to the -
resolutions from union locals
and above all does not help the
cause of peace.

There ought to be strong pro-
tests from locals against this
method of procedure, coupled
with a demand that the con-
gress adopt a foreign policy
statement which coincides with
the resolutions sent to the con-
vention. ;

The trade union movement
should not only place itself
clearly on record for an end
to the cold war and for a
genuine policy of peaceful co-
existence. It ought to begin to
do something about it.

High mortality rate
among B.C. Indians

Addressing the recent con-
vention of the Native Brother-
hood of British Columbia, Dr.
Galbreith, superintendent of
Coqualeetza Hospital drew at- -
tention to the high infant mor- —
tality on Indian reservations.

Singling put the Sardis area —
as an.example Dr. Galbreith -
stated that in 1958 out of a
birth total of 600; over 100
babies had died before they -
were one year old.

Maljnutrition of Indian
mothers during the pre-natal
period, plus the absence of
elementary health facilities in
Indian communities was held |
largely responsible.

May 27, 1960—PACIFIC TRIBUNE—Page 2