Chairmen Mao Tse-tung at China’s National Day celebrations.

he nature of —
the Chinese state

JNTERNATIONAL imperialism

received a crushing blow as a
result‘ of the victory of the
Chinese people. China, the im-
Perialists’ greatest colonial cen-
tre, yielded them billions, in
profits annually. The victory of
the 475 million people made a
breach in the imperialist col-
onial system, shook to the foun-
dations this rotten system
Which is heading to its doom
under the blows of the national
liberation movement of the
colonial peoples.

The victory of the Chinese
revolution revealed the tremen-
dous influence exercised by the
Great October Socialist Revolu-
tion, which -opened a new era
in the history,
‘Tevealed the attractive force of
the Soviet Union, which ‘set an
example to all the oppresssed
and exploited how to build their
life without exploiters, how to
advance — toward communism,
toward a happy, joyous life.

The victory of the Chinese
evolution was made possible
by the victory of socialism in
the USSR; it was the result of
the destruction of Hitlerite fas-
cism and Japanese imperialism
by the Soviet Army. The estab-
lishment of the ‘Chinese People’s

€public has, in its turn,
“Strengthened considerably the

orces of the anti-imperialist,

democratic camp, has paved the
Way for breaches in the colonial
chain of imperialism on other
Sectors. Therein lies the great
historical significance of the
eee of the Chinesé people.

_Within a year of its founda-
Hon ‘the Chinese People’s Re:
Public, relying on the fraternal
Ald of the Soviet Union, had
‘Succeeded iin stabilizing econ-

mic life; inflation had been.

“ended, thousands of enterprises

of mankind. It’

and railways had been restored
and the foundations of planned
economy were being laid.

The position of the working
class thas improved consider-
ably. Emulation is developing

-jn many industrial enterprises

and productivity of labor is in-
creasing steadily. Agriculture is
advancing. Large-scale irriga-
tion work is under way and a
successful struggle begun to
combat natural calamities. The
‘harvest this year is much better
than last year’s. This is due to
the fact that on a territory with
a rural population of approxi-
mately 145 million, agrarian re-
form has already been carried
out, and on the remaining terri-
tory the people’s administration
is rendering every possible as-
sistance to the poor and middle
peasants by reducing taxes and
land’ rent. In the provinces
liberated last year, careful
preparations are under way for
agrarian reform. |

Agrarian reform abolishes
the landslords as a class, abo-

lishes the system of feudal
landownership and
the systém of peasant land-
onwership. The great signifi-
cance of agrarian reform in
China becomes particularly
clear if we consider that until
recently the landlords possessed
70-80 percent of all the culti-
vated land.

Feudalism is a brake on the
development of China, and the

‘feudal landlords are the main

support of the imperialists. Ta
open the way for the broad de-
velopment of the productive
forces and to consolidate the
cause of national independence
it is necessary to carry out a
deep-going agrarian revolution
which would radically change
the balance of political forces

introduces.

in China in favor of democracy
and would strengthen the mili-
tant alliance of the working
class and \the peasantry, under
the leadership of the working
class.

The most important instru-
ment for economic restoration,
cultural revolution and social
reform jin China is the state of
people’s democracy. This state
differs in principle from the
bourgeois state, where democ-
racy exists for the exploiting
minority. Stalin, with brilliant
foresight, pointed out that the
future revolutionary power in
‘China would, in general, re-

semble in character that power.

of which we spoke in 1905,
something in the nature of a
democratic distatorship of the
proletariat and the peasantry
with this difference, however,
that it would, in the main, be
an anti-imperialist power. .

It would be a transition to a-

non-capitalist power, or, to be
more precise. to the socialist de-
velopment of China, said Stalin.

State power in China is not
the dictatorship of the prole-
tariat, and in this it differs from
the state power in the European
countries of people’s democracy
where this democracy fulfills
the functions of the dictator-
ship of the proletariat.

The dictatorship of the
people’s democracy in China is
the state power of the people’s
democracy united front of the
working class, peasants, petty-
bourgeoisie, national bourge-
oisie and other patriotic demo-
eratic elements, based on the
alliance of workers and peas-
ants and led by the working
class. :

The task of the people’s de-
mocracy in China at this stage

is to carry out agrarian reform,
to consolidate the alliance of
the working class and the peas-
antry, to draw into active politi-
eal life hundréds of millions of
people, economic rehabilitation,
and industrialization of the
country, to strengthen and
broaden the foundation of pub-
lic property to restore and de-
velop the,economy, to raise the
living standard of the working
people and to effect the cul-
tural revolution. The Central
People’s government of China
is building up the defense of
the country against imperialist
aggression.

The nature of the people’s
democratic state power in China
is defined by the conditions in
this recently colonial country. At

present the working people of
China are not confronted directly
with the task of building social-
ism, the instrument of which is
the dictatorship of the prole-
tariat.

As Mao Tse-tung said: “When
we have created a flowering
national economy and culture,
when all the conditions are ripe
and when this will be approved
iby the whole country, we, in
our steady advance, shall enter
the new era of socialism.”

®@ Jn response to several requests
dealing with the nature of the
state in People’s China, we re-
print the above article from the
journal For a Lasting Peace,
For a People’s Democracy, of
Sepiember 29, 1950.

World trade

means jobs

Continued from page 4

Henée those who want peace
are for developing and strength-
ening economic cooperation
among the nations.

The direct connection beween
the promotion of international
economic, cooperation and the
strengthening of peace is be-
coming increasingly obvious to
the broad public in all coun-
tries.

In Britain the national con-
ferences of the Union of Mine-
workers, and other big trade
unions went on record last sum-
mer for promotion of trade with
the Soviet Union, the People’s
Democracies of Eastern Eur-
ope, and the Chinese People’s
Republic. A great many local
Cooperative and Labor organ-
izations have taken a similar
stand. This demand is also sup-
ported ‘by a number of trade
unions in the United States.

Highly interesting in this_re-
spect is the book Two Worlds
in Focus, published in London
by the British National Peace
Council, a pacifist organization
whose members subscribe to
the most diverse political opin-
ions. This is reflected in the
book in question. But all the
members of the Council are at
one on the matter of West-East
trade.

The East-West Commission
of the National Peace Council
reached the broad conclusion
‘that trade should be developed
between the East and the West,
and that this development

would make a significant con-
tribution to European economic
recovery and to securing world
peace.

It is in the light of the facts
mentioned above that the sig-
nificance of the International
Economic Conference, which is
to convene in Moscow on April
3-10, 1952, should be viewed.

As was set forth by the In-
itiating Committee at its meet-
ing held in Copenhagen at the
end of October, it will be the
object of the conference to find
Ways and means of facilitating
peaceful cooperation between
countries of different social sys-’
tems, while avoiding any dis-
cussion of the relative merits
of the various economic and
social systems. It will be at-
tended by economists, indus-
trialists, farmers, merchants,
engineers and labor and co-
operative leaders adhering to
various political views but who
have made international co-
operation and the strengthening
of world peace their ‘common
goal.

The convocation of such an
international economic confer-
ence is a sensible and useful
step and one can but wish it
every success.

© This article, originally titled
“Problems of International
Trade,” is reprinted from
News, Soviet fortnightly maga-
zine. The writer, M. Serov,

is chairman of the central com-
mittee of the Foreign Trade
Employees Union.

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